This book is a noteworthy series of works authored by women from diverse research areas and expertise. This book contains research papers from fundamental, experimental, and empirical studies in the fields of mechanical engineering and materials science is included in this book series. Methods for modelling data, structures, and materials using numerical and analytical techniques are described along with experimental data and methodologies.

nexusstc/Advancements in Materials Science and Technology Led by Women/01d8acac58eca67aaabc5e23e99a5aa3.pdf

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lgrsnf/978-3-031-21959-7.pdf

Azman Ismail,Fatin Nur Zulkipli,Husna Sarirah Husin,Andreas Öchsner,Andreas Öchsner,Lucas F. M. da Silva,Holm Altenbach

Ismail, Azman; Zulkipli, Fatin Nur; Husin, Husna Sarirah; ÖChsner, Andreas

Springer International Publishing

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Advanced Structured Materials, 165, 1st ed. 2023, Cham, 2023

Advanced Structured Materials, 1st edition 2023, Cham, 2023

Switzerland, Switzerland

producers:
Springer-i

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Preface 6
Contents 7
1 Review: Role of Nanoparticles Growth and Alleviation of Abiotic Stress in Plants 14
1.1 Introduction 15
1.2 Nanoparticles of Metals 17
1.2.1 Gold (Au) 17
1.2.2 Silver (Ag) 18
1.2.3 Copper (Cu) 19
1.3 Possible Abiotic Stresses in Plants and Their Treatment with Nanoparticles 20
1.3.1 Drought 20
1.3.2 Flooding 21
1.3.3 Salinity 21
1.4 Conclusion 22
References 23
2 Performance of Fibreglass Mat and Woven for Prosthetic Leg Socket Application 26
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Methodology 28
2.2.1 Material 28
2.2.2 Fabrication of Composite Split-Mould 29
2.2.3 Fabrication of Composite Leg Socket 30
2.2.4 Tensile Strength Test 31
2.2.5 Static Failure Test 31
2.3 Results and Discussion 31
2.3.1 Composite Split-Mould 31
2.3.2 Composite Leg Socket 32
2.3.3 Tensile Strength Test Result 33
2.3.4 Static Failure Test Result 35
2.4 Conclusion 35
References 36
3 Investigation of Leakage in Underground Pipelines Using the Radiotracer Technology 38
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Methodology 40
3.2.1 Development of Radiotracer Capsule 40
3.2.2 Radiotracer Experiments 41
3.3 Results and Discussion 41
3.3.1 Radiotracer Capsule 41
3.3.2 Radiotracer Experiments 42
3.4 Conclusion 45
References 46
4 General Characteristics of Endophytes and Bioprospecting Potential of Endophytic Fungi 47
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Characteristics of Endophytes 49
4.2.1 Origin 49
4.2.2 Distribution 49
4.2.3 Host Plant Interaction 50
4.3 Endophytic Fungi 51
4.4 Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi 53
4.4.1 Antimicrobial Compounds 54
4.4.2 Anticancer 54
4.4.3 Antidiabetic 55
4.4.4 Antioxidant 56
4.4.5 Immunosuppressive 56
4.5 Conclusion 58
References 58
5 Biochar-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride Derived from Biomass Waste for Degradation of Pyrene 62
5.1 Introduction 63
5.2 Methodology 64
5.3 Results and Discussion 65
5.4 Conclusion 70
References 72
6 Response Surface Methodology for the Optimisation of a 96-Well Microtitre Plate Coagulation Activity Assay 74
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 Methodology 76
6.2.1 Synthetic Turbid Water Samples 76
6.2.2 Preparation of Coagulant Solutions 76
6.2.3 Development of the 96-Well MTP Coagulation Activity Assay 77
6.2.4 Experimental Design using RSM 78
6.2.5 Coagulation Activity of M. Oleifera Coagulant 80
6.2.6 Statistical Analysis 80
6.3 Results and Discussion 80
6.3.1 Statistical Analysis 80
6.3.2 Process Analysis of the MTP Coagulation Activity Assay 83
6.3.3 MTP Coagulation Activity Assay Optimisation and Model Verification 85
6.3.4 MTP Coagulation Activity Assay with Crude M. Oleifera Seed Extracts 87
6.4 Conclusion 88
References 88
7 Nutrient Recovery from Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Deoiled Spent Bleaching Earth and Their Effect on Oil Palm Growth 91
7.1 Introduction 92
7.2 Methodology 94
7.2.1 Materials 94
7.2.2 Preparation of Nutrient-Enriched Sorbents 94
7.2.3 Nursery Trial 95
7.2.4 Analytical Techniques 98
7.3 Results and Discussion 99
7.3.1 Nutrient Recovery 99
7.3.2 Effect of Nutrient-Enriched Sorbents on Soil Properties 103
7.3.3 Effect of Nutrient-Enriched Sorbents on Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings 106
7.3.4 Comparison of Soil Treatment Performance 108
7.3.5 Plant Health by Leaf Colour Data Analysis 110
7.4 Conclusion 111
References 111
8 Red Tilapia By-Product (Oreochromis Sp.) Hydrolysates: Bioactivities, Bioprocessing, and Potential Applications 115
8.1 Introductions to Red Tilapia Production and Its Processing By-Products 116
8.2 Bioactive Peptides 119
8.2.1 Antioxidant Peptides 119
8.2.2 Anticancer Peptides 122
8.2.3 Antimicrobial Activity 122
8.2.4 Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Peptides 123
8.3 The Production of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides 125
8.3.1 Microbial Fermentation 126
8.3.2 Chemical Hydrolysis 127
8.3.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 127
8.4 Purification of Peptides 128
8.4.1 Ultrafiltration (UF) 130
8.4.2 Chromatographic Approach 131
8.5 Red Tilapia By-Product as Protein Precursor for ACE-Inhibitory Peptides 133
8.5.1 Amino Acid Compositions of Tilapia By-Products 135
8.6 Future Outlook 136
8.7 Conclusions 138
References 138
9 Microhardness and Process Parameter Optimization of Friction Stir Welding on an AA5052 Thin Plate 143
9.1 Introduction 144
9.1.1 FSW Developments 144
9.2 Methodology 146
9.2.1 Taguchi’s Method 146
9.2.2 ANOVA Analysis 146
9.2.3 S/N Ratio 147
9.2.4 Experimental Procedure 147
9.2.5 Microhardness Measurement 147
9.3 Results and Discussion 148
9.4 Conclusion 150
References 150
10 Residual Stress Optimization of Friction Stir Welding on an AA5052 Thin Plate 152
10.1 Introduction 153
10.1.1 Development of FSW 154
10.2 Methodology 155
10.2.1 Selection of Orthogonal Arrays 155
10.2.2 ANOVA Analysis 156
10.2.3 Experimental Procedure 156
10.2.4 Residual Stress Measurement 156
10.3 Results and Discussion 157
10.4 Conclusion 159
References 160
11 The Effects of Fly Ash and Aluminium Trihydrate Incorporation on the Tensile and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Mixtures 161
11.1 Introduction 162
11.2 Methodology 163
11.2.1 Preparation of Sample 163
11.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis 163
11.2.3 Tensile Strength Test 164
11.2.4 Vertical Flame Test 164
11.3 Results and Discussion 165
11.3.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis 165
11.3.2 Tensile Strength Test 167
11.3.3 Vertical Flame Test 167
11.4 Conclusion 170
References 171
12 Modeling and Simulation of Planar Micro-coils for Invasive Pressure Sensing 173
12.1 Introduction 174
12.2 Methodology 175
12.3 Results and Discussion 176
12.4 Conclusion 179
References 180
13 Review on Electrochemical and Biosensors and Their Application 181
13.1 Introduction 182
13.2 Classification of Sensors 183
13.2.1 Sensor 183
13.2.2 Biosensor 183
13.2.3 Biosensors Based on Bioreceptors 185
13.2.4 Biosensors Based on Transducer 187
13.3 Electrochemical Sensors 188
13.3.1 Potentiometric Biosensors 188
13.3.2 Amperometric Biosensors 193
13.3.3 Conductometric Biosensors 194
13.4 Application of Electrochemical Sensors 195
13.4.1 Electrochemical Biosensors for Glucose Detection 195
13.4.2 Electrochemical Biosensors for Medical Diagnosis 197
13.4.3 Electrochemical Biosensors for Environmental Analysis 199
13.4.4 Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Monitoring 200
13.5 Conclusion 201
References 202
14 Development of a Wireless Solar Power Transmission for Battery Chargers 207
14.1 Introduction 208
14.2 Methodology 209
14.2.1 Project Development 209
14.2.2 Hardware Development 211
14.3 Results and Discussion 213
14.4 Conclusion 214
References 215
15 Short-Term Study on the Potential of Oil Palm Frond Biochar for Acid Sulphate Soil Amelioration 216
15.1 Introduction 217
15.2 Methodology 219
15.2.1 Soil Location 219
15.2.2 Oil Palm Frond Collection 219
15.2.3 Preparation of Oil Palm Frond Biochar 219
15.2.4 Preparation of Soil Sample and Incubation 220
15.2.5 pH and Conductivity Measurements 220
15.2.6 Particle Size Distribution 221
15.2.7 Water-Soluble Sulphate 221
15.2.8 Statistical Study 221
15.3 Results and Discussion 221
15.3.1 Characterization of Soil and Oil Palm Frond Biochar 221
15.3.2 Effect on Soil pH 222
15.3.3 Effect on Soil Electrical Conductivity 223
15.4 Conclusion 224
References 225
16 The Stress Analysis of the Jack Rod Crankshaft on a Single-Cylinder Engine: A Study Using the Finite Element Method 228
16.1 Introduction 228
16.2 Methodology 230
16.2.1 Analytical Calculation 230
16.2.2 Models of Single-Cylinder Engine Crankshaft 233
16.2.3 Material Properties of Crankshaft 233
16.2.4 Crankshaft Meshing 234
16.2.5 Apply Load and Boundary Conditions 235
16.3 Results and Discussion 235
16.3.1 Deformation 235
16.3.2 Strain 236
16.3.3 Stress 237
16.4 Conclusion 239
References 240
17 Antimicrobial Peptides, An Alternative Antimicrobial Agent Against Multi-drug-Resistant Microbes: Source, Application, and Potential 242
17.1 Introduction 243
17.2 Source, Mechanism of Action, Application, and Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides 244
17.2.1 The Source of AMP and Diversity 244
17.2.2 AMP Mechanisms of Action 247
17.2.3 The Applications of AMP 252
17.3 The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides 258
17.4 Conclusion 259
References 260

2023-02-16