Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seventh Edition (2014) 2581pp. 978-0-323-18660-5
About the pagination of this eBook 2
Volume 1 1
Front cover 1
Expert Consult ad 3
Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 4
Copyright page 5
Dedication 6
Ralph D. Feigin, M.D.: April 3, 1938–August 14, 2008 7
A Tribute To: Caroline Breese Hall 8
About the editors 9
Contributors 10
Preface 30
Table of Contents 32
I Host Parasite Relationships an the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases 42
1 Molecular Determinants of Microbial Pathogenesis 44
Colonization 44
Pilus Adhesins 44
Nonpilus Adhesins 47
Other Mechanisms of Adherence 50
Tissue Tropism 51
Biofilms 52
Cell Entry and Intracellular Life 53
Invasion 54
Intracellular Survival 55
Viral Cell Entry 57
Cell-to-Cell Spread 57
Damage to the Host 57
Bordetella pertussis Toxins 58
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Shiga Toxins 58
Tissue-Degrading Toxins 58
Evasion of Immunity 59
Antiphagocytic Factors 59
Evasion of Complement Activity 59
Evasion of Humoral Immunity 60
Encapsulation 60
Viral Immune Suppression and Latency 61
Conclusion 61
New References Since the Sixth Edition 61
References 63
2 Normal and Impaired Immunologic Responses to Infection 71
Host–Parasite Interactions 71
General Features of Host–Parasite Interactions 71
Main Features of Host Responses to Specific Classes of Infectious Agents 71
Viruses 71
Bacteria 72
Features of Normal Immune Function 73
Innate Immune Responses 73
Epithelia, Defensins, and Other Antimicrobial Peptides 73
Toll-Like Receptors 74
Chemokines 76
Natural Killer Cells 77
Phagocytes 80
Important Interactions Among Innate Immune Mechanisms 84
Antigen Presentation and Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity 85
T Lymphocytes 87
B Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulins 89
Clinical Conditions Associated with Deficient Host Responses to Infection 91
Immature Host Responses of the Newborn Infant 91
Cell-Mediated Immunity 91
Complement 93
Phagocytes 94
Primary and Heritable Immunologic Deficiencies 94
Antibody Deficiencies 95
Defects of Cell-Mediated Immunity: DiGeorge Syndrome 97
Defects of the Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) Pathways 99
Complement Deficiencies 100
Disorders of Phagocyte Function 101
Important Examples of Secondary Immunodeficiency (Excluding Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection) 108
Asplenia 108
Cystic Fibrosis 109
Evaluation for Immunodeficiency in the Child with Recurrent or Severe Infections 110
History 110
Physical Examination 111
Laboratory Studies 111
Management of Immunodeficiency Disorders 112
Education and Counseling 112
Evaluation and Treatment for Infection 112
Treatment of Infections 112
Prevention of Infection 112
Prospects for Correction of Serious Primary Immunodeficiencies 113
New References Since the Sixth Edition 113
References 114
3 Metabolic Response of the Host to Infections 127
Nitrogen Metabolism 129
Nitrogen Balance Studies 129
Urinary Excretion of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds 131
Metabolism of Free Amino Acids 132
Amino Acid Availability 133
Carbohydrate Metabolism 134
Lipid Metabolism 135
Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins 135
Lipids and Energy Metabolism During Infection 136
Lipid Metabolism and Host Defensive Measures 137
Electrolyte and Acid-Base Metabolism 137
Vitamin Metabolism 138
Trace Element Metabolism 139
Changes in Iron Metabolism 140
Changes in Zinc Metabolism 140
Changes in Copper Metabolism 141
Changes in Selenium Metabolism 141
Proinflammatory Cytokines 141
Control Mechanisms for Proinflammatory Cytokine Actions 142
Cytokine Detection in Biologic Fluids 142
Hormonal Responses 143
Pituitary Gland Functions 143
Adrenal Functions 143
Carbohydrate-Regulating Hormones 144
Thyroid Hormones 144
Procalcitonin 144
New References Since the Sixth Edition 144
References 146
4 Fever: 145
Normal Body Temperature 145
Thermoregulation 150
Pathogenesis of Fever 150
Effects of Fever 150
Adverse Effects 151
Beneficial Effects 151
Clinical Thermometry 151
Types of Thermometers 151
Measurement Site 152
Treatment 152
Indications 152
Antipyretics 152
External Cooling 154
New References Since the Sixth Edition 154
References 155
5 The Human Microbiome 154
Acquisition of Indigenous Flora by the Newborn 157
Mechanisms of Colonization 157
Exogenous Influences on the Human Microbiome 157
Bacterial Composition at Specific Locations 158
Skin 158
Newborns 158
Conjunctivae 158
Respiratory Tract 160
Newborns 160
Gastrointestinal Tract 160
Newborns 161
Genitourinary Tract 161
Beneficial Effects of the Human Microbiome 161
Adverse Effects of the Human Microbiome 162
Summary 162
New References Since the Sixth Edition 162
References 163
6 Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Infectious Diseases 168
Epidemiologic Studies 168
Design of Studies 168
Overview 168
Types of Studies 169
Experimental Studies 169
Observational Studies 170
Cohort Studies 170
Case-Control Studies 171
Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies 171
Cohort Studies 171
Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies 172
Summary Statistics 172
Continuous Variables 173
Categorical Variables 174
Bias 175
Causes of Disease 176
Historical Perspectives 176
General Concepts 176
Factors Related to the Infectious Agent 177
Intrinsic Properties 177
Epidemiologic Properties Relating to the Host 178
Factors Related to the Host 180
Biologic Factors 181
Age 181
Immunity and Immune Response 182
Human Behavior 182
Factors Related to the Environment 183
Geographic and Geologic Factors 183
Occurrence of Disease in Populations 184
Infection and Disease in the Individual 184
Infection and Disease in Populations 185
Relating Infection and Disease to Place 187
Temporal Patterns of Infection and Disease 189
Biostatistics 193
Statistical Significance 193
Hypothesis Testing 193
Type I Error, Type II Error, and Statistical Power 194
Multiple Comparisons 194
Tests of Statistical Significance 195
Continuous Variables 195
Categorical Values 195
Confidence Intervals 196
Adjustment for Potential Confounding Variables 196
Meta-analysis 197
Diagnostic Tests 198
What is Normal? 198
Accuracy of a Diagnostic Test 198
Predictive Value of a Diagnostic Test 199
Assessment of the Protective Efficacy of a Vaccine (or of Any Intervention) 200
Clinical Trials 200
Observational Cohort Studies 201
Case-Control Studies 201
New References Since the Sixth Edition 201
References 202
II Infection of Specific Organ Systems 204
I Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 206
7 The Common Cold 207
History 207
Etiologic Agents 207
Epidemiology 208
Pathophysiology 209
Clinical Presentation 211
Differential Diagnosis 211
Specific Diagnosis 211
Treatment 212
Prognosis 213
Prevention 214
New References Since the Sixth Edition 214
References 215
8 Infections of the Oral Cavity 220
Microbiologic Considerations in Dental Infections 220
Normal Flora 220
Anatomic Considerations 221
Treatment of Odontogenic Infections 222
General Therapeutic Principles 224
Nursing Bottle Caries 226
Pericoronitis 227
Oral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children 228
Complications of Odontogenic Infections 229
Fascial Space Infections 229
Necrotizing Fasciitis 230
Buccal and Periorbital Cellulitis 231
Osteomyelitis of the Jaws in Children 232
Predisposing Factors 232
Suppurative Osteomyelitis 233
Garré Sclerosing Osteomyelitis 234
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections 234
Intraoral and Perioral Piercings 235
New References Since the Sixth Edition 235
References 236
9 Pharyngitis (Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Tonsillopharyngitis, and Nasopharyngitis) 238
History 238
Nasopharyngitis 238
Etiologic Agents 238
Pathophysiology 240
Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, and Tonsillopharyngitis 240
Etiologic Agents 240
Epidemiology 243
Differential Diagnosis 244
Specific Diagnosis 245
Complications 246
New References Since the Sixth Edition 246
References 248
10 Uvulitis 247
Etiology 247
Epidemiology 247
Pathogenesis 252
Clinical Manifestations 252
Diagnosis 252
Differential Diagnosis 252
Treatment 252
New References Since the Sixth Edition 253
References 254
11 Peritonsillar, Retropharyngeal, and Parapharyngeal Abscesses 253
Epidemiology of Head and Neck Space Infections in Children 253
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy) 255
Clinical Manifestations 255
Treatment 256
Retropharyngeal Abscess (Posterior Visceral Space, Retrovisceral Space, and Retroesophageal Space Abscesses) 257
Clinical Manifestations 258
Parapharyngeal Abscess (Pterygomaxillary, Pharyngomaxillary, Lateral, and Pharyngeal Space Abscesses) 259
Clinical Manifestations 259
Treatment 260
Microbiology of Deep Neck Abscesses 260
New References Since the Sixth Edition 262
References 263
12 Cervical Lymphadenitis 262
Epidemiology 265
Pathophysiology 267
Clinical Presentation 268
Differential Diagnosis 270
Specific Diagnosis 273
Treatment 274
Prognosis 277
Prevention 277
New References Since the Sixth Edition 277
References 279
13 Parotitis 278
Pathophysiology 278
Etiology 278
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis 283
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Parotid Enlargement 284
Differential Diagnosis 285
Treatment 285
Complications 285
Prevention 285
New Reference Since the Sixth Edition 286
References 287
14 Rhinosinusitis 286
History 286
Anatomy 286
Pathophysiology 289
Etiology 290
Epidemiology 292
Clinical Presentation 292
Complications 293
Differential Diagnosis 294
Specific Diagnosis 294
Treatment 295
Acute and Subacute Sinusitis 295
Chronic and Recurrent Sinusitis 296
Prognosis 297
Prevention 297
New References Since The Sixth Edition 298
References 299
15 Otitis Externa 298
Epidemiology 303
Normal Anatomy 303
Protective Mechanisms of the External Ear 303
Normal Bacterial Flora 303
Acute Otitis Externa 304
History and Physical Examination 304
Management of Acute Otitis Externa 305
Chronic Otitis Externa 306
Otomycosis 306
Necrotizing Otitis Externa 306
Differential Diagnosis 307
Prevention 307
Conclusion 307
New References Since The Sixth Edition 308
References 309
16 Otitis Media 308
Incidence and Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media 311
Host Risk Factors 311
Environmental Risk Factors 312
Cost Analyses 313
Etiologic Agents 313
Etiology in Neonates 316
Pathogenesis 316
Pathophysiology 316
Tympanic Membrane 316
Eustachian Tube 317
Diagnosis 317
Clinical Presentation 318
Examination of the Ear 318
Otoscopy 318
Tympanometry 319
Radiography 321
Differential Diagnosis 321
Otitis Media with Effusion 322
Complications and Sequelae 322
Hearing Loss 323
Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane and Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media 324
Petrositis 325
Management of Acute Otitis Media 326
Clinical Implications of Antibiotic Resistance 327
Choice of Antimicrobial Agents 328
Dosage Schedules 329
Management of Acute Otitis Media in a Child with Tympanostomy Tubes 330
Prevention 331
Advising Parents 331
Influenza Virus Vaccines 332
Surgical Options 333
New References Since The Sixth Edition 333
References 334
17 Mastoiditis 339
History 339
Anatomy and Pathophysiology 339
Microbiology 340
Clinical Presentation 340
Complications 342
Differential Diagnosis 343
Specific Diagnosis 343
Treatment 344
Prognosis 346
Prevention 346
New References Since the Sixth Edition 346
References 347
18 Croup (Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Spasmodic Croup, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis) and Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis) 349
Historical Aspects 349
Terminology 350
Etiology of Croup Syndromes 350
Etiology of Supraglottitis 352
Epidemiology of Croup 353
Epidemiology of Supraglottitis 354
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Croup 355
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Supraglottitis 356
Clinical Presentation 357
Acute Laryngitis 357
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis and Laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis (Bacterial Tracheitis) 360
Differential Diagnosis 361
Specific Diagnosis in Croup Syndromes 361
Specific Diagnosis in Supraglottitis 361
Treatment of Croup 362
Acute Laryngotracheitis and Spasmodic Croup 362
Laryngotracheobronchitis and Laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis (Bacterial Tracheitis) 365
Treatment of Supraglottitis 365
Securing the Airway 365
Antibiotics 367
Prognosis 367
Prevention of Croup 367
Prevention of Epiglottitis Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Type b 367
New References Since the Sixth Edition 367
References 369
II Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 377
19 Acute Bronchitis 378
Etiology 378
Epidemiology 378
Pathophysiology and Pathology 378
Clinical Presentation 379
Differential Diagnosis and Specific Diagnosis 380
Treatment 380
Prognosis 380
Prevention 381
New References Since the Sixth Edition 381
References 382
20 Chronic Bronchitis 381
Differential Diagnosis 381
Epidemiology and Etiology 387
Treatment 387
New References Since the Sixth Edition 389
References 390
21 Bronchiolitis and Infectious Asthma 389
Definitions 389
History 391
Etiologic Agents 391
Epidemiology 392
Clinical Presentation 393
Pathophysiology 394
Differential Diagnosis 397
Diagnosis 397
Treatment 397
Prevention 399
Complications and Prognosis 400
New References Since the Sixth Edition 401
References 402
22 Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia 407
Etiology 407
Viral Pathogen 408
Epidemiology 409
Pathogenesis 409
Clinical Manifestations 411
Diagnosis 413
Management 413
Prevention 416
New References Since the Sixth Edition 416
References 419
23 Children’s Interstitial Lung Disease and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 423
Classification 423
Disorders Associated with Infection 423
Entities That May Mimic Community-Acquired Pneumonia 425
Clinical Presentation 425
Diagnostic Evaluation 426
Pulmonary Function Tests 426
Bronchoalveolar Lavage 427
Treatment 428
Outcome 428
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 429
Pathology and Pathogenesis 429
Diagnosis 431
Treatment and Outcome 432
New References Since the Sixth Edition 433
References 435
24 Complications of Pneumonia 434
Empyema 434
Epidemiology 439
Microbiology 441
Diagnosis 442
Management 445
Prognosis and Long-Term Outcome 447
Lung Abscess 447
Pathophysiology 448
Microbiology 449
Clinical Features 450
Diagnosis 451
Prognosis 453
New References Since the Sixth Edition 454
References 455
25 Cystic Fibrosis 458
Clinical Manifestations 458
Diagnosis 461
Pathogenesis 462
Microbiology 466
Epidemiology of Pathogens 466
Age-Specific Prevalence of Pathogens 467
Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory 467
Specimen Processing 467
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 468
Specific Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens 468
Viral Pathogens 468
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 469
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 470
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia 471
Treatment of Pathogens in Cystic Fibrosis Patients 472
Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa 472
Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations 474
Lung Transplantation 478
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy 479
Prevention 479
Immunizations 479
Infection Control Precautions 480
Conclusion 481
New References Since the Sixth Edition 481
References 484
III Infections of the Heart 494
26 Infective Endocarditis 495
Epidemiology 495
Pathophysiology 497
Clinical Manifestations 501
Laboratory Findings 502
Microbiology 505
Streptococci 505
Staphylococci 506
Gram-Negative Organisms 507
Other Organisms 508
Treatment 508
Prevention 513
New References Since the Sixth Edition 515
References 516
27 Infectious Pericarditis 528
Anatomy and Function 528
Bacterial Pericarditis 528
Population and Incidence 528
Pathology and Pathogenesis 530
Clinical Manifestations 531
Diagnosis 532
Differential Diagnosis 535
Prognosis 536
Viral Pericarditis 536
Etiology 536
Investigative Techniques 537
New References Since the Sixth Edition 537
References 539
28 Myocarditis 538
Epidemiology 538
Etiologies 538
Pathology 542
Pathogenesis 543
Pathophysiology of Ventricular Dysfunction in Myocarditis 546
Diagnosis 548
Clinical Characteristics and Radiographic Evidence 548
Molecular Diagnostic Studies 552
Differential Diagnosis 553
Treatment 554
Standard Approaches 554
Immune Modulating Agents 555
Prognosis 556
Myocarditis in Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 557
Parasitic Myocarditis 557
Chagas Disease 557
Other Parasitic Causes of Myocarditis 558
New References Since The Sixth Edition 559
References 560
29 Acute Rheumatic Fever 564
Epidemiology 564
Pathogenesis 568
Vaccine Development 569
Rheumatic Fever in Developing Countries 570
Pathology 571
Clinical Course 571
Laboratory Findings 573
Diagnosis 575
Differential Diagnosis 575
Treatment 576
Cardiac Surgery 577
Prognosis 578
Prevention 578
Conclusion 581
New References Since the Sixth Edition 581
References 582
30 Mediastinitis 588
Acute Mediastinitis 588
Mediastinitis due to Esophageal Perforation 588
Mediastinitis due to Extension of Infection from Adjacent Structures 589
Postoperative Mediastinitis 590
Chronic Mediastinitis 591
New References Since the Sixth Edition 592
References 593
IV Central Nervous System Infections 594
31 Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal Period 595
Incidence and Epidemiology 595
Epidemiology of Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae 596
Epidemiology of Meningococcal Meningitis 598
Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis 599
Pathophysiology 601
Organisms Encountered 601
Pathogenesis 601
Mucosal Colonization 601
Bacteremia 602
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Intracranial Inflammation 603
Neuronal Injury 605
Factors Predisposing the Host to Bacterial Meningitis 606
Pathology 607
Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiologic Relationships 608
Differential Diagnosis 611
Diagnosis 611
Treatment 616
Antimicrobial Therapy 616
Adjunctive Therapy 619
Supportive Care 623
Prognosis and Sequelae 625
Prevention 628
Pneumococcal Infection 628
Meningococcal Infection 629
Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis 630
Acknowledgment 631
New References Since the Sixth Edition 631
References 632
32 Parameningeal Infections 641
Brain Abscess 641
Pathogenesis and Pathology 641
Clinical Manifestations 643
Rupture of Brain Abscess into the Ventricular System 645
Treatment 647
Adjunctive Agents 647
Subdural Empyema 648
Clinical Manifestations 648
Treatment 649
Epidural Abscess 649
Spinal Epidural Infections 649
Sources of Infection 650
Treatment 651
New References Since the Sixth Edition 651
References 652
33 Fungal Meningitis 653
Epidemiology 653
Clinical Manifestations 653
Infection with Specific Organisms 654
Diagnosis 659
Conclusion 660
New References Since the Sixth Edition 660
References 662
34 Eosinophilic Meningitis 661
Etiologic Agents 661
Epidemiology 666
Pathogenesis 666
Clinical Manifestations 666
Diagnosis 667
Differential Diagnosis 667
Treatment 667
Course and Prognosis 668
Prevention 668
New References Since the Sixth Edition 668
References 669
35 Aseptic Meningitis and Viral Meningitis 668
History 670
Etiology 670
Epidemiology 673
Clinical Manifestations 674
Enteroviruses 674
Differential Diagnosis 675
Specific Diagnosis 675
Treatment 676
Prognosis 676
Prevention 676
New References Since the Sixth Edition 676
References 678
36 Encephalitis and Meningoencephalitis 677
History 686
Etiology 686
Viruses 686
Bacteria 694
Postimmunization Encephalitis 695
Postinfectious Encephalitis 696
Epidemiology 696
Pathogenesis 696
Pathology 697
Clinical Manifestations 697
Differential Diagnosis 698
Evaluation of a Patient with Encephalopathy or Possible Encephalitis 699
Neuroimaging 699
Electroencephalography 700
Diagnosis 700
Treatment 702
Prognosis 703
Prevention 704
New References Since the Sixth Edition 704
References 706
37 Parainfectious and Postinfectious Disorders of the Nervous System 715
37A  Parainfectious and Postinfectious Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System 715
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis 715
New References Since the Sixth Edition 722
References 723
37B  Infection-Associated Myelitis and Myelopathies of the Spinal Cord 722
Acute Transverse Myelitis 722
New References Since the Sixth Edition 731
References 732
V Genitourinary Tract Infections 734
38 Urethritis 735
Epidemiology 735
Pathophysiology 735
Clinical Presentation 735
Differential Diagnosis 736
Noninfectious 736
Infectious 737
Specific Diagnosis 737
Treatment 738
Prognosis 739
Prevention 740
New References Since the Sixth Edition 740
References 741
39 Cystitis and Pyelonephritis 740
Epidemiology 740
Risk for Urinary Tract Infection 740
Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection 742
Pathogenesis 743
Bacteriology 743
Clinical Presentation 744
Cystitis 744
Differential Diagnosis 745
Infectious 745
Noninfectious 746
Diagnosis 746
Collection of a Urine Specimen 746
Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection 748
Determining the Site of Infection 749
Imaging 750
Treatment 752
Antibiotics for Treatment of Acute Infection 752
Corticosteroids 754
Prognosis 757
Prevention 758
New References Since the Sixth Edition 758
References 760
40 Renal Abscess 759
Clinical Findings 764
Diagnostic Evaluation 764
Therapeutic Considerations 766
Conclusion 768
New References Since the Sixth Edition 768
References 769
41 Prostatitis 768
Summary 771
New References Since the Sixth Edition 771
References 772
42 Genital Infections 771
General Approach to Evaluation of Prepubertal Child 771
Normal Vaginal Flora 773
Lower Genital Tract Infections 775
Vulvovaginitis 775
Specific Sexually Transmitted Vulvovaginitis 782
Gonorrhea 783
Chlamydia 786
Trichomoniasis 787
Bacterial Vaginosis 789
Infections of the Clitoris 790
Urethritis 791
Vulvovaginal Lesions, Ulcerations, and Granulomatous Infections 791
Human Papillomavirus and Genital Warts 792
Molluscum Contagiosum 793
Ulcerations and Granulomatous Infections 794
Lymphogranuloma Venereum 796
Chlamydia 798
Upper Genital Tract Infections 798
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 798
Perihepatitis 801
Tubo-ovarian Abscess 802
New References Since The Sixth Edition 802
References 804
VI Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 808
43 Esophagitis 809
Pathophysiology and Causative Organisms 809
Clinical Features 809
Differential Diagnosis 810
Diagnosis 810
Barium Esophagography 810
Esophagoscopy 811
Treatment 812
Candida Esophagitis 812
Other Causes of Fungal Esophagitis 813
Viral Esophagitis 813
Bacterial Esophagitis 813
Prognosis 813
References 814
44 Approach to Patients with Gastrointestinal Tract Infections and Food Poisoning 815
Epidemiology 815
Epidemiologic Categories of Diarrhea 816
Clinical Classification of Diarrheal Episodes 823
Organisms That Cause Diarrhea 823
Viruses 823
Bacteria 825
Parasites 830
Diagnosis 833
Macroscopic Stool Examination 833
Microscopic Examination 834
Stool Cultures 835
Molecular Methods 836
Treatment 836
Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy 837
Nutritional Management 839
Therapy for Other Bacterial Agents 841
Therapy for Intestinal Parasites 842
Prevention 843
Vaccines 844
New References Since the Sixth Edition 845
References 850
45 Antibiotic-Associated Colitis 849
History 849
Etiology and Pathogenesis 849
Pathogenesis 862
Clinical Manifestations 863
Laboratory Studies 863
Differential Diagnosis 864
Treatment 865
Prevention and Control 865
New References Since the Sixth Edition 866
References 868
46 Whipple Disease 867
History 867
Epidemiology 871
Etiology and Pathogenesis 871
Clinical Manifestations 873
Acute Infection 873
“Classic” Whipple Disease 874
Diagnosis 876
Treatment 876
Conclusion 877
New References Since the Sixth Edition 877
References 878
VII Liver Disease 880
47 Hepatitis 881
History 881
Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation 881
Patient History 881
Physical Findings 882
Infectious Causes 883
Viruses 883
Bacteria 889
Parasites and Fungi 890
Noninfectious Causes 890
New References Since the Sixth Edition 891
References 892
48 Cholangitis and Cholecystitis 891
Cholangitis 891
Etiology and Pathogenesis 896
Clinical Presentation 897
Diagnostic Evaluation 898
Differential Diagnosis 899
Treatment 900
Prevention 901
Cholecystitis 904
Etiology and Pathogenesis 904
Clinical Presentation 906
Complications 907
New References Since the Sixth Edition 908
References 910
49 Pyogenic Liver Abscess 909
Pathogenesis 909
Microbiology 916
Clinical Manifestations 916
Diagnosis 917
Treatment 917
Complications and Prognosis 918
New References Since the Sixth Edition 918
References 919
50 Reye Syndrome 921
Epidemiology 921
Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings 921
Treatment and Prevention 922
New Reference Since the Sixth Edition 922
References 923
VIII Other Intra-Abdominal Infections 924
51 Appendicitis and Pelvic Abscess 925
History 925
Epidemiology 925
Pathophysiology 926
Clinical Manifestations 926
Diagnosis 927
Microbiology 929
Bacteria 930
Viruses 931
Treatment 931
Nonperforated Appendicitis 931
Prognosis and Early Complications 932
Pelvic Abscess 933
Late Complications 933
New References Since the Sixth Edition 934
References 936
52 Pancreatitis 935
Clinical Manifestations 935
Laboratory Diagnosis 941
Noninfectious Causes 941
Trauma 942
Obstructive Diseases 943
Infectious Causes 944
Viral Infections 944
Parasite Infestations and Infections 945
Mycoplasmal and Bacterial Infections 946
Pathogenesis 946
Treatment 946
Complications 947
New References Since the Sixth Edition 947
References 949
53 Peritonitis and Intra-Abdominal Abscess 953
Peritonitis 953
Anatomy 953
Secondary Peritonitis 955
Peritonitis and Implanted Devices 956
Diagnosis 957
Complications 959
Intra-Abdominal Abscess 959
Clinical Manifestations 959
Diagnosis 960
New References Since the Sixth Edition 960
References 961
54 Retroperitoneal Infections 963
Etiology and Pathogenesis 963
Microbiology 963
Clinical Manifestations 965
Differential Diagnosis 965
Specific Diagnosis 965
Treatment 965
Prognosis 966
New References Since the Sixth Edition 966
References 967
IX Musculoskeletal Infections 968
55 Osteomyelitis 969
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis 969
Pathogenesis 969
Clinical Manifestations 970
Differential Diagnosis 972
Treatment of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis 975
Special Manifestations of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis 977
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Special Populations 981
Nonhematogenous Osteomyelitis 982
Puncture Wound Osteomyelitis 982
Osteomyelitis Caused by Spread of Infection from a Contiguous Focus 983
Unusual Microbial Causes of Osteomyelitis 983
Actinomyces 983
Chronic Osteomyelitis 984
New References Since the Sixth Edition 985
References 986
56 Septic Arthritis 985
Epidemiology 985
Pathophysiology 991
Etiology 991
Diagnosis 993
Clinical Findings 993
Laboratory Evaluation 994
Differential Diagnosis 995
Treatment 995
Surgical Treatment 995
Prognosis 996
Special Problems 996
Neonatal Septic Arthritis 996
Fungal Arthritis 997
New References Since the Sixth Edition 997
References 998
57 Bacterial Myositis and Pyomyositis 1000
Pyomyositis 1000
Pathophysiology 1000
Clinical Presentation 1001
Diagnosis 1002
Acute Bacterial Myositis 1003
Clinical Presentation 1003
Diagnosis 1004
New References Since the Sixth Edition 1004
References 1005
X Skin Infections 1006
58 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Infections 1007
History 1007
Etiologic Agents 1007
Epidemiology 1016
Pathophysiology and Pathology of Exanthems 1016
Clinical Manifestations 1025
Erythematous Macular Exanthems 1025
Erythematous Maculopapular Exanthems 1026
Vesicular Exanthems 1028
Urticarial Exanthems 1029
Papular, Nodular, and Ulcerative Lesions 1030
Diagnosis 1032
Differential Diagnosis 1032
Specific Diagnosis 1033
Treatment, Prognosis, and Prevention 1033
References 1035
New References Since the Sixth Edition 1033
59 Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum) 1034
History 1034
Epidemiology 1034
Etiology 1039
Pathophysiology 1040
Clinical Presentation 1040
Clinical Complications 1041
Diagnosis 1041
Treatment and Prognosis 1041
References 1042
New References Since the Sixth Edition 1041
60 Skin Infections 1044
60A ■ Bacterial Skin Infections 1044
Normal Skin 1044
Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis 1047
Erysipelas 1048
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 1049
Necrotizing Fasciitis 1050
Contaminated Wounds 1052
References 1054
60B ■ Viral and Fungal Skin Infections 1057
Viral Infections 1057
Fungal Infections 1059
References 1068
XI Ocular Infectious Diseases 1070
61 Ocular Infections 1071
Infections of the Eyelids 1071
Anterior Eyelid Infection 1071
Parasitic Eyelid Disease 1072
Posterior Eyelid Infection 1073
Dacryoadenitis 1074
Preseptal (Periorbital) Cellulitis 1075
Conjunctival Infections 1078
Bacterial Conjunctivitis 1079
Neonatal Conjunctivitis 1082
Keratitis: Corneal Inflammation 1083
Isolated Epithelial Keratitis 1084
Protozoan Keratitis 1085
Infections Primarily Involving the Uvea 1086
Epidemiology 1087
Bacterial Uveitis 1089
Fungal Uveitis 1090
Protozoal Uveitis 1091
Uveitis Caused by Insect-Induced Disease 1093
Infections Involving Primarily the Retina 1093
Eye Manifestations of Intrauterine Infections (TORCHS Complex) 1093
Endophthalmitis 1097
New References Since the Sixth Edition 1097
References 1100
XII Systemic Infectious Diseases 1106
62 Bacteremia and Septic Shock 1107
Pathophysiology 1108
Endotoxin Shock in Animals 1109
Endotoxin Shock in Humans 1110
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis 1114
Treatment 1116
Investigative Therapies 1118
Prognosis 1119
New References Since the Sixth Edition 1119
References 1120
63 Fever Without Source and Fever of Unknown Origin 1125
Fever Without Source 1125
Occult Bacteremia 1125
Clinical Management of Fever Without Source 1127
Fever of Unknown Origin 1128
Diagnostic Approach to a Child with Fever of Unknown Origin 1129
Infectious Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin 1132
Noninfectious Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin 1134
New References Since the Sixth Edition. 1136
References 1137
64 Toxic Shock Syndrome 1136
Epidemiology 1140
Surveillance and Incidence 1140
Risk Factors for Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome 1141
Risk Factors for Nonmenstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome 1142
Host Risk Factors: General 1143
Other Potential Host Risk Factors 1144
Histopathology 1144
Clinical Spectrum 1145
Acute Phase: Moderate to Severe Disease* 1145
Subacute Phase: After Treatment Is Initiated 1148
Atypical Manifestations 1150
Differential Diagnosis 1152
Prevention and Prophylaxis 1152
Characteristics of Toxic Shock Syndrome–Associated Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates 1153

lgli/Cherry, James, Demmler-Harrison, Gail J., Kaplan, Sheldon L., Steinbach, William J., Hotez, Peter - Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Expert Consult - Online and Print, 2-Volume Set (2013, ).pdf

Feigin and Cherry's textbook of pediatric infectious diseases - volume 2

Cherry MD, James, Demmler-Harrison MD, Gail J., Kaplan MD, Sheldon L., Steinbach MD, William J., Hotez MD PhD, Peter J

James Donald Cherry; Gail J. Harrison; Sheldon L. Kaplan; Peter J. Hotez; William J. Steinbach

James Donald Cherry; Gail J. Demmler-Harrison; William J. Steinbach

Ralph D Feigin; James D Cherry; et al

James D Cherry; Ralph D Feigin

Elsevier

W.B. Saunders Company

Mosby, Incorporated

Seventh edition, Philadelphia, PA, 2014

United States, United States of America

7th ed, Philadelphia [etc, cop. 2014

7th ed, Philadelphia, PA, 2014

7, 10/2013

lg1356978

producers:
Adobe PDF Library 9.0

2022-03-08