nexusstc/Ultra-Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice: Theory, Realization and Deployment/a4e1a71d8a0e89891c733c0c7fc86ed6.pdf
Ultra-Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice : Theory, Realization and Deployment 🔍
Mauri Kuorilehto, Mikko Kohvakka, Jukka Suhonen, Panu Hämäläinen, Marko Hännikäinen, Timo D. Ha
Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, Chichester England ; [Piscataqay New Jersey, 2008
English [en] · PDF · 3.7MB · 2008 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
description
Finally a book on Wireless Sensor Networks that covers real world applications and contains practical advice! Kuorilehto et al. have written the first practical guide to wireless sensor networks. The authors draw on their experience in the development and field-testing of autonomous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to offer a comprehensive reference on fundamentals, practical matters, limitations and solutions of this fast moving research area. Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice : Explains the essential problems and issues in real wireless sensor networks, and analyzes the most promising solutions. Provides a comprehensive guide to applications, functionality, protocols, and algorithms for WSNs. Offers practical experiences from new applications and their field-testing, including several deployed networks. Includes simulations and physical measurements for energy consumption, bit rate, latency, memory, and lifetime. Covers embedded resource-limited operating systems, middleware and application software. Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice will prove essential reading for Research Scientists, advanced students in Networking, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science as well as Product Managers and Design Engineers.
Alternative filename
lgli/_386970.a4e1a71d8a0e89891c733c0c7fc86ed6.pdf
Alternative filename
lgrsnf/_386970.a4e1a71d8a0e89891c733c0c7fc86ed6.pdf
Alternative title
Ultra-low energy wireless sensor networks in practice : theory, realisation and deployment
Alternative author
Kuorilehto, Mauri, Kohvakka, Mikko, Suhonen, Jukka, Hämäläinen, Panu, Hännikäinen, Marko, Hamalainen, Timo D.
Alternative author
Mauri Kuorilehto; Mikko Kohvakka; Jukka Suhonen; Panu Hämäläinen; Marko Hännikäinen; Timo D. Hamalainen
Alternative publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Alternative publisher
John Wiley & Sons IEEE Xplore
Alternative publisher
Spectrum Publications
Alternative publisher
Halsted Press
Alternative edition
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chichester, England, 2007
Alternative edition
Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ, England, 2007
Alternative edition
United States, United States of America
Alternative edition
February 15, 2008
Alternative edition
1, 2008-02-28
metadata comments
до 2011-08
metadata comments
lg658063
metadata comments
{"isbns":["0470057866","0470516798","9780470057865","9780470516799"],"last_page":398}
metadata comments
Includes bibliographical references (p. [353]-368) and index.
Alternative description
Ultra-Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
List of Abbreviations......Page 17
PART I INTRODUCTION......Page 27
1.1 Overview of Wireless Technologies......Page 29
1.2 TUTWSN......Page 31
1.3 Contents of the Book......Page 32
PART II DESIGN SPACE OF WSNS......Page 33
2.1 Characteristics of WSNs......Page 35
2.2 WSN Applications......Page 37
2.2.1 Commercial WSNs......Page 38
2.2.2 Research WSNs......Page 40
2.3 Requirements for WSNs......Page 42
3.1.1 IEEE 1451 Standard......Page 45
3.1.2 IEEE 802.15 Standard......Page 47
3.2.3 MiWi......Page 54
4.1 Platform Components......Page 55
4.1.1 Communication Subsystem......Page 56
4.1.3 Sensing Subsystem......Page 59
4.1.4 Power Subsystem......Page 60
4.2 Existing Platforms......Page 62
4.3.1 Temperature-sensing Platform......Page 65
4.3.2 SoC Node Prototype......Page 69
4.3.3 Ethernet Gateway Prototype......Page 70
4.4.1 Antenna Design Flow......Page 72
4.4.2 Planar Antenna Types......Page 74
4.4.3 Trade-Offs in Antenna Design......Page 75
5.1 Design Dimensions......Page 77
5.2 WSN Design Flow......Page 80
5.3.1 WSN Design Methodologies......Page 82
5.4 WSN Evaluation Methods......Page 86
5.5.1 Networking Oriented Simulators for WSN......Page 87
5.5.2 Sensor Node Simulators......Page 88
5.5.3 Analysis of Evaluation Tools......Page 89
PART III WSN PROTOCOL STACK......Page 93
6.1 Outline of WSN Stack......Page 95
6.1.1 Physical Layer......Page 96
6.1.4 Transport Layer......Page 97
6.1.5 Application Layer......Page 98
7.1 Requirements......Page 99
7.2.1 Contention Protocols......Page 101
7.2.2 Contention-free Protocols......Page 103
7.2.3 Multichannel Protocols......Page 104
7.3.1 Synchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols......Page 106
7.3.2 Unsynchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols......Page 111
7.3.3 Wake-up Radio Protocols......Page 113
7.3.4 Summary......Page 114
8.1 Requirements......Page 117
8.2 Classifications......Page 118
8.3.1 Nodecentric Routing......Page 119
8.3.2 Data-centric Routing......Page 120
8.3.3 Location-based Routing......Page 121
8.3.5 Negotiation-based Routing......Page 123
8.3.6 Query-based Routing......Page 124
8.3.7 Cost Field-based Routing......Page 125
8.4 Summary......Page 127
9.1 Motivation and Requirements......Page 129
9.2 WSN Middleware Approaches......Page 131
9.3.1 Interfaces......Page 132
9.3.3 Database Middlewares......Page 133
9.3.5 Application-driven Middlewares......Page 134
9.3.6 Programming Abstractions......Page 135
9.3.7 WSN Middleware Analysis......Page 136
10.1 Motivation and Requirements......Page 141
10.1.1 OS Services and Requirements......Page 142
10.1.2 Implementation Approaches......Page 143
10.2 Existing OSs......Page 145
10.2.1 Event-handler OSs......Page 146
10.2.3 Analysis......Page 147
11.2 Unique Requirements in WSNs......Page 151
11.3 Parameters Defining WSN QoS......Page 152
11.4.2 Transport Layer......Page 154
11.4.3 Network Layer......Page 155
11.4.4 Data Link Layer......Page 156
11.5 Summary......Page 157
12.1 WSN Security Threats and Countermeasures......Page 159
12.1.2 Active Attacks......Page 160
12.2.1 TinySec......Page 161
12.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 Security......Page 162
12.2.4 ZigBee Security......Page 163
12.2.5 Bluetooth Security......Page 165
12.3.2 Pre-distributed Keys......Page 166
12.3.3 Centralized Key Distribution......Page 167
12.4 Summary of WSN Security Considerations......Page 168
PART IV TUTWSN......Page 169
13.1 Network Topology......Page 171
13.2 Channel Access......Page 173
13.3 Frequency Division......Page 175
13.4 Advanced Mobility Support......Page 178
13.4.1 Proactive Distribution of Neighbor Information......Page 179
13.4.2 Neighbor-discovery Algorithm......Page 180
13.4.3 Measured Performance of ENDP Protocol......Page 184
13.5 Advanced Support for Bursty Traffic......Page 185
13.5.1 Slot Reservations within a Superframe......Page 186
13.5.3 Traffic-adaptive Slot Reservation......Page 187
13.5.4 Performance Analysis......Page 188
13.6.1 Reducing Radio Requirements......Page 191
13.6.2 Network Beacon Rate Optimization......Page 196
13.7 TUTWSN MAC Implementation......Page 205
13.8 Measured Performance of TUTWSN MAC......Page 206
14.2 Related Work......Page 209
14.3 Cost-Aware Routing......Page 210
14.3.2 Node-initiated Route Discovery......Page 211
14.3.3 Traffic Classification......Page 212
14.4.1 Protocol Architecture......Page 213
14.5 Measurement Results......Page 214
14.5.2 Network Build-up Time......Page 215
14.5.3 Distribution of Traffic......Page 216
14.5.4 End-to-end Delays......Page 218
15 TUTWSN API......Page 219
15.1.1 Gateway API......Page 220
15.1.2 Node API......Page 222
15.2 TUTWSN API Implementation......Page 223
15.2.2 Node API......Page 224
15.3.2 Resource Consumption......Page 226
15.3.3 Operational Performance......Page 227
16.1 SensorOS Design......Page 229
16.1.2 OS Components......Page 230
16.2.1 HAL Implementation......Page 232
16.2.2 Component Implementation......Page 233
16.3.2 Context Switch Performance......Page 236
16.4.1 Lightweight OS Architecture and Implementation......Page 237
16.4.2 Performance Evaluation......Page 238
16.5.2 Bootloader Implementation......Page 239
17.1 Cross-layer Node Configuration......Page 243
17.1.3 MAC Layer......Page 245
17.1.5 Configuration Examples......Page 246
17.2 Piggybacking Data......Page 249
17.3.2 Connectivity Maintenance......Page 250
17.3.3 Role Selection......Page 251
18.1 PHY Power Analysis......Page 253
18.2 Radio Energy Models......Page 255
18.2.1 TUTWSN Radio Energy Models......Page 256
18.2.2 ZigBee Radio Energy Models......Page 258
18.3.1 TUTWSN Contention Models......Page 260
18.3.2 ZigBee Contention Models......Page 261
18.4.1 TUTWSN Throughput Models......Page 264
18.4.2 ZigBee Throughput Models......Page 265
18.4.3 TUTWSN Power Consumption Models......Page 266
18.4.4 ZigBee Power Consumption Models......Page 269
18.5 Summary......Page 271
19.1 Features......Page 273
19.2 WSN Design with WISENES......Page 274
19.3 WISENES Framework......Page 275
19.3.1 Short Introduction to SDL......Page 277
19.3.2 WISENES Instantiation......Page 278
19.3.4 Transmission Medium......Page 279
19.3.6 Sensor Node......Page 280
19.4 Existing WISENES Designs......Page 282
19.4.1 TUTWSN Stack......Page 284
19.4.2 ZigBee Stack......Page 286
19.5 WISENES Simulation Results......Page 289
19.5.1 Simulated Node Platforms......Page 290
19.5.2 Accuracy of Simulation Results......Page 292
19.5.3 Protocol Comparison Simulations......Page 294
PART V DEPLOYMENT......Page 303
20 TUTWSN Deployments......Page 305
20.1 TUTWSN Deployment Architecture......Page 306
20.1.1 WSN Server......Page 307
20.1.4 User Interfaces......Page 308
20.2.1 Problem Statement......Page 309
20.2.2 Implementation......Page 310
20.3 Security Experiments......Page 316
20.3.2 Implementation Experiments......Page 317
21.1.1 Problem Statement......Page 319
21.1.2 Implementation......Page 320
21.1.3 Results......Page 322
21.2 Indoor-temperature Sensing......Page 323
21.2.2 Results......Page 324
21.3.2 Implementation......Page 326
21.3.3 Results......Page 332
22.1.1 Problem Statement......Page 339
22.1.2 Implementation......Page 340
22.1.3 Results......Page 342
22.2.2 Implementation......Page 344
22.2.3 Results......Page 350
23.1 Surveillance System......Page 353
23.1.2 Surveillance WSN Design......Page 354
23.1.3 WSN Prototype Implementation......Page 357
23.1.4 Surveillance WSN Implementation on TUTWSN Prototypes......Page 358
23.2 Indoor Positioning......Page 360
23.2.2 Implementation......Page 361
23.3 Team Game Management......Page 368
23.3.2 Implementation......Page 369
23.3.3 Example Application Scenario......Page 371
PART VI CONCLUSIONS......Page 375
24 Conclusions......Page 377
References......Page 379
Index......Page 395
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
List of Abbreviations......Page 17
PART I INTRODUCTION......Page 27
1.1 Overview of Wireless Technologies......Page 29
1.2 TUTWSN......Page 31
1.3 Contents of the Book......Page 32
PART II DESIGN SPACE OF WSNS......Page 33
2.1 Characteristics of WSNs......Page 35
2.2 WSN Applications......Page 37
2.2.1 Commercial WSNs......Page 38
2.2.2 Research WSNs......Page 40
2.3 Requirements for WSNs......Page 42
3.1.1 IEEE 1451 Standard......Page 45
3.1.2 IEEE 802.15 Standard......Page 47
3.2.3 MiWi......Page 54
4.1 Platform Components......Page 55
4.1.1 Communication Subsystem......Page 56
4.1.3 Sensing Subsystem......Page 59
4.1.4 Power Subsystem......Page 60
4.2 Existing Platforms......Page 62
4.3.1 Temperature-sensing Platform......Page 65
4.3.2 SoC Node Prototype......Page 69
4.3.3 Ethernet Gateway Prototype......Page 70
4.4.1 Antenna Design Flow......Page 72
4.4.2 Planar Antenna Types......Page 74
4.4.3 Trade-Offs in Antenna Design......Page 75
5.1 Design Dimensions......Page 77
5.2 WSN Design Flow......Page 80
5.3.1 WSN Design Methodologies......Page 82
5.4 WSN Evaluation Methods......Page 86
5.5.1 Networking Oriented Simulators for WSN......Page 87
5.5.2 Sensor Node Simulators......Page 88
5.5.3 Analysis of Evaluation Tools......Page 89
PART III WSN PROTOCOL STACK......Page 93
6.1 Outline of WSN Stack......Page 95
6.1.1 Physical Layer......Page 96
6.1.4 Transport Layer......Page 97
6.1.5 Application Layer......Page 98
7.1 Requirements......Page 99
7.2.1 Contention Protocols......Page 101
7.2.2 Contention-free Protocols......Page 103
7.2.3 Multichannel Protocols......Page 104
7.3.1 Synchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols......Page 106
7.3.2 Unsynchronized Low Duty-cycle Protocols......Page 111
7.3.3 Wake-up Radio Protocols......Page 113
7.3.4 Summary......Page 114
8.1 Requirements......Page 117
8.2 Classifications......Page 118
8.3.1 Nodecentric Routing......Page 119
8.3.2 Data-centric Routing......Page 120
8.3.3 Location-based Routing......Page 121
8.3.5 Negotiation-based Routing......Page 123
8.3.6 Query-based Routing......Page 124
8.3.7 Cost Field-based Routing......Page 125
8.4 Summary......Page 127
9.1 Motivation and Requirements......Page 129
9.2 WSN Middleware Approaches......Page 131
9.3.1 Interfaces......Page 132
9.3.3 Database Middlewares......Page 133
9.3.5 Application-driven Middlewares......Page 134
9.3.6 Programming Abstractions......Page 135
9.3.7 WSN Middleware Analysis......Page 136
10.1 Motivation and Requirements......Page 141
10.1.1 OS Services and Requirements......Page 142
10.1.2 Implementation Approaches......Page 143
10.2 Existing OSs......Page 145
10.2.1 Event-handler OSs......Page 146
10.2.3 Analysis......Page 147
11.2 Unique Requirements in WSNs......Page 151
11.3 Parameters Defining WSN QoS......Page 152
11.4.2 Transport Layer......Page 154
11.4.3 Network Layer......Page 155
11.4.4 Data Link Layer......Page 156
11.5 Summary......Page 157
12.1 WSN Security Threats and Countermeasures......Page 159
12.1.2 Active Attacks......Page 160
12.2.1 TinySec......Page 161
12.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 Security......Page 162
12.2.4 ZigBee Security......Page 163
12.2.5 Bluetooth Security......Page 165
12.3.2 Pre-distributed Keys......Page 166
12.3.3 Centralized Key Distribution......Page 167
12.4 Summary of WSN Security Considerations......Page 168
PART IV TUTWSN......Page 169
13.1 Network Topology......Page 171
13.2 Channel Access......Page 173
13.3 Frequency Division......Page 175
13.4 Advanced Mobility Support......Page 178
13.4.1 Proactive Distribution of Neighbor Information......Page 179
13.4.2 Neighbor-discovery Algorithm......Page 180
13.4.3 Measured Performance of ENDP Protocol......Page 184
13.5 Advanced Support for Bursty Traffic......Page 185
13.5.1 Slot Reservations within a Superframe......Page 186
13.5.3 Traffic-adaptive Slot Reservation......Page 187
13.5.4 Performance Analysis......Page 188
13.6.1 Reducing Radio Requirements......Page 191
13.6.2 Network Beacon Rate Optimization......Page 196
13.7 TUTWSN MAC Implementation......Page 205
13.8 Measured Performance of TUTWSN MAC......Page 206
14.2 Related Work......Page 209
14.3 Cost-Aware Routing......Page 210
14.3.2 Node-initiated Route Discovery......Page 211
14.3.3 Traffic Classification......Page 212
14.4.1 Protocol Architecture......Page 213
14.5 Measurement Results......Page 214
14.5.2 Network Build-up Time......Page 215
14.5.3 Distribution of Traffic......Page 216
14.5.4 End-to-end Delays......Page 218
15 TUTWSN API......Page 219
15.1.1 Gateway API......Page 220
15.1.2 Node API......Page 222
15.2 TUTWSN API Implementation......Page 223
15.2.2 Node API......Page 224
15.3.2 Resource Consumption......Page 226
15.3.3 Operational Performance......Page 227
16.1 SensorOS Design......Page 229
16.1.2 OS Components......Page 230
16.2.1 HAL Implementation......Page 232
16.2.2 Component Implementation......Page 233
16.3.2 Context Switch Performance......Page 236
16.4.1 Lightweight OS Architecture and Implementation......Page 237
16.4.2 Performance Evaluation......Page 238
16.5.2 Bootloader Implementation......Page 239
17.1 Cross-layer Node Configuration......Page 243
17.1.3 MAC Layer......Page 245
17.1.5 Configuration Examples......Page 246
17.2 Piggybacking Data......Page 249
17.3.2 Connectivity Maintenance......Page 250
17.3.3 Role Selection......Page 251
18.1 PHY Power Analysis......Page 253
18.2 Radio Energy Models......Page 255
18.2.1 TUTWSN Radio Energy Models......Page 256
18.2.2 ZigBee Radio Energy Models......Page 258
18.3.1 TUTWSN Contention Models......Page 260
18.3.2 ZigBee Contention Models......Page 261
18.4.1 TUTWSN Throughput Models......Page 264
18.4.2 ZigBee Throughput Models......Page 265
18.4.3 TUTWSN Power Consumption Models......Page 266
18.4.4 ZigBee Power Consumption Models......Page 269
18.5 Summary......Page 271
19.1 Features......Page 273
19.2 WSN Design with WISENES......Page 274
19.3 WISENES Framework......Page 275
19.3.1 Short Introduction to SDL......Page 277
19.3.2 WISENES Instantiation......Page 278
19.3.4 Transmission Medium......Page 279
19.3.6 Sensor Node......Page 280
19.4 Existing WISENES Designs......Page 282
19.4.1 TUTWSN Stack......Page 284
19.4.2 ZigBee Stack......Page 286
19.5 WISENES Simulation Results......Page 289
19.5.1 Simulated Node Platforms......Page 290
19.5.2 Accuracy of Simulation Results......Page 292
19.5.3 Protocol Comparison Simulations......Page 294
PART V DEPLOYMENT......Page 303
20 TUTWSN Deployments......Page 305
20.1 TUTWSN Deployment Architecture......Page 306
20.1.1 WSN Server......Page 307
20.1.4 User Interfaces......Page 308
20.2.1 Problem Statement......Page 309
20.2.2 Implementation......Page 310
20.3 Security Experiments......Page 316
20.3.2 Implementation Experiments......Page 317
21.1.1 Problem Statement......Page 319
21.1.2 Implementation......Page 320
21.1.3 Results......Page 322
21.2 Indoor-temperature Sensing......Page 323
21.2.2 Results......Page 324
21.3.2 Implementation......Page 326
21.3.3 Results......Page 332
22.1.1 Problem Statement......Page 339
22.1.2 Implementation......Page 340
22.1.3 Results......Page 342
22.2.2 Implementation......Page 344
22.2.3 Results......Page 350
23.1 Surveillance System......Page 353
23.1.2 Surveillance WSN Design......Page 354
23.1.3 WSN Prototype Implementation......Page 357
23.1.4 Surveillance WSN Implementation on TUTWSN Prototypes......Page 358
23.2 Indoor Positioning......Page 360
23.2.2 Implementation......Page 361
23.3 Team Game Management......Page 368
23.3.2 Implementation......Page 369
23.3.3 Example Application Scenario......Page 371
PART VI CONCLUSIONS......Page 375
24 Conclusions......Page 377
References......Page 379
Index......Page 395
Alternative description
<p>Finally a book on Wireless Sensor Networks that covers real world applications and contains practical advice!<br></p><p>Kuorilehto et al. have written the first practical guide to wireless sensor networks. The authors draw on their experience in the development and field-testing of autonomous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to offer a comprehensive reference on fundamentals, practical matters, limitations and solutions of this fast moving research area.<br></p><p>Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice:<br></p><ul> <li>Explains the essential problems and issues in real wireless sensor networks, and analyzes the most promising solutions. </li></ul><ul> <li>Provides a comprehensive guide to applications, functionality, protocols, and algorithms for WSNs. </li></ul><ul> <li>Offers practical experiences from new applications and their field-testing, including several deployed networks. </li></ul><ul> <li>Includes simulations and physical measurements for energy consumption, bit rate, latency, memory, and lifetime. </li></ul><ul> <li>Covers embedded resource-limited operating systems, middleware and application software. </li></ul><p>Ultra Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice will prove essential reading for Research Scientists, advanced students in Networking, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science as well as Product Managers and Design Engineers.<br></p>
date open sourced
2011-08-31
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