Like the first volume, The Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity, Volume 2 is a reference work on the interconnection between language and ethnic identity. In this volume, 37 new essays provide a systematic look at different language and ethnic identity efforts, assess their relative successes and failures, and place the cases on a success-failure continuum. The reasons for these failures and successes and the linguistic, social, and political contexts involved are subtle and highly complex. Some of these factors have to do with whether the language is considered a dialect, as in the cases of Bavarian, Ebonics, and Scots (considered to be dialects of German, American English, and British English, respectively). Other factors have to do with government policy, as in the cases of Basque and Navajo. Still other factors are historical, such as the way Canaanite was supplanted in present-day Israel by another classical language-Hebrew. Although the volume offers considerable sophistication in the treatment of language, ethnicity and identity, it has been written for the non-specialized reader, whether student or layperson. The contributors are an international group of well-known scholars in a range of fields. Fishman and García provide a detailed introduction that addresses the difficulty of assessing the success or failure of a language. They also present a conclusion that integrates the data presented in the volume.

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Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity : The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2)

Fishman, Joshua A. (Editor),García, Ofelia (Editor)

Joshua Fishman (editor), Ofelia Garcia (editor)

Joshua A Fishman; Ofelia García

Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

German Historical Institute London

United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

Verschiedene Auflagen, Oxford, 2010

Revised, 2nd Revised ed., PT, 2011

2nd ed, New York, N.Y, 2010-

Apr 13, 2011

producers:
iText 2.1.7 by 1T3XT

{"isbns":["0195392450","9780195392456"],"last_page":512,"publisher":"Oxford University Press"}

Source title: Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2)

V. 1. Disciplinary & Regional Perspectives. Pt. 1. Disciplinary, Methodological, And Topical Approaches In The Study Of Language And Ethnic Identity. Sociolinguistics : Language And Ethnic Identity In Context / Joshua A. Fishman -- Psychology / Amado M. Padilla And Graciela N. Borsato -- Social Psychology / Karmela Liebkind -- Anthropology / Miki Makihara -- Political Science And Politics / William Safran -- Economics / Francois Grin -- Linguistic And Ethnographic Fieldwork / Nancy C. Dorian -- Mapping Linguistic Diversity In Multicultural Contexts: Demolinguistic Perspectives / Guus Extra -- Borders / Tope Omoniyi -- Diasporic Languages: The Jewish World / Rakhmiel Peltz -- Sign Language And The Deaf Community / Colin Baker -- Second-language Learning / Bernard Spolsky -- Education Of Indigenous And Minority Children / Tove Skutnabb-kangas -- Pt. 2. Regional Perspectives In The Study Of Language And Ethnic Identity. Western Europe / Ulrich Ammon -- Germany / James R. Dow -- The Celtic World / Colin H. Williams -- Scandinavia / Leena Huss And Anna-ritts Lindgren -- The Slavic World / Miroslav Hroch -- Canada / Donna Patrick -- The United States / Terrence G. Wiley -- Native Americans / Teresa Mccarty And Ofelia Zepeda -- African American Language / Sonja L. Lanehart -- Latin America / Ofelia Garcia, Dina Lopez, And Carmina Maker -- Sub-saharan Africa / Samuel Gyasi Obeng And Tristan M. Purvis -- South Africa / Neville Alexander -- The Arab World: Maghreb And The Near East / Moha Ennaji -- Central Asia And Azerbaijan / William Fierman And Jala Garibova -- South And Southeast Asia / Harold F. Schiffmann -- China : The Mainland, Hong Kong, And Taiwan / Minglang Zhou -- Japan / Akie Tomozawa And Masahito Yoshimura -- Aotearoa/new Zealand / Stephen May -- Languaging And Ethnifying / Ofelia Garcia. V. 2. The Success-failure Continuum In Language And Ethnic Identity Efforts. Examining Contrarianism : The Success-failure Continuum In Language And Ethnic Identity Efforts / Joshua A. Fishman -- Afrikaans : Success Or Failure? / Neville Alexander -- Invention Of Scripts In West Africa For Ethnic Revitalization / Peter Unseth -- The Teaching Of Amazigh (berber) In Morocco / Fatima Sadiqi -- The Promotion Of Moroccan Arabic : Successes And Failures / Moha Ennaji -- The Survival Of French In Tunisian Identity / Mohamed Daoud -- Hebrew Revivalists' Goals Vis-à-vis The Emerging Israeli Language / Ghil'ad Zuckermann -- African American Language In U.s. Education And Society : A Story Of Success And Failure / Django Paris And Arnetha F. Ball -- Learning English In Puerto Rico : An Approach-avoidance Conflict? / Miriam Eisenstein Ebsworth And Timothy John Ebsworth -- The Reforming Of English Spelling / David F. Marshall --^ Sociohistorical Perspective Of Quechua Language Policy And Planning In Peru / Serafin M. Coronel-martin -- Paradoxes Of Quechua Language Revitalization In Bolivia : Back And Forth Along The Success-failure Continuum / Aurolyn Luykx -- North Korea's Language Revision And Some Unforeseen Consequences / Robert B. Kaplan And Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. -- Simplifying Chinese Characters : Not A Simple Matter / Shouhui Zhao And Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. -- Problems Of Orthography Development For The Yi In China / David Bradley -- Planning For Failure : English And Language Policy And Planning In Bangladesh / M. Obaidul Hamid -- The Emergence, Role, And Future Of The National Language In Singapore / Phyllis Ghim-lian Chew -- Efforts To Vernacularize Sanskrit : Degree Of Success And Failure / Madhav M. Deshpande -- The Political Rise Of Tamil In The Dravidian Movement In South India / E. Annamalai -- The Politics Of Language And Dialect In Colonial India: The Case Of Asamiya / Sipra Mukherjee --^ Plights Of Persian In The Modernization Era / Maryam Borjian And Habib Borjian -- A Pan-turkic Dream : Language Unification Of Turks / Jala Garibova. Luxembourgish : A Success Story? A Small National Language In A Multilingual Country / Sabine Ehrhart And Fernand Fehlen -- Bavarian : Successful Dialect Or Failed Language? / Anthony R. Rowley -- The Regional Languages Of Brittany / Michael Hornsby And J. Shaun Nolan -- Success-failure Continuum Of Euskara In The Basque Country / Maria-jose Azurmendi And Inaki Martinez De Luna -- The Independent Standardization Of Valencian: From Official Use To Underground Resistance / Miquel Angel Lledo -- The Failure Of German Language Advocacy Among Yiddish-speaking Eastern European Jews Prior To The Holocaust : The Major Travails And The Minor Triumphs Of An Unprotected Language / Joshua A. Fishman -- The Illyrian Movement: A Croatian Vision Of South Slavic Unity / Marc L. Greenberg -- Belarusian / Marian Sloboda -- The Ukrainian-ruthenian Success-failure Continuum In Austrian Galicia / Anna Veronika Wendland -- From Tornedal Finnish To Meankieli: A Tornedalian Success Story? / Erling Wande -- Samnorsk / Tove Bull -- The Forgotten Model Of A Separate Standard Lowland Lithuanian: Jurgis Pabreza (1771-1849) / Giedrius Subacius -- The Ambiguous Arithmetic Of Language Maintenance And Revitalization / Nancy C. Dorian -- Exploring The Variables In Successes And Failures Of Language And Ethnic Identity Efforts (l & I Efs) / Ofelia Garcia -- Dubious Arithmetic, Hugging The Center, And Never Say Die! / Joshua A. Fishman. Edited By Joshua A. Fishman And Ofelia García. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

Dedication 6
List of Contributors 8
Contents 16
Foreword • Joshua A. Fishman and OfeliaGarcía 20
Introduction 22
1. Examining Contrarianism: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts • Joshua A. Fishman 24
Africa and the Middle East 30
2. Afrikaans: Success or Failure? • Neville Alexander 32
3. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization • Peter Unseth 44
4. The Teaching of Amazigh (Berber) in Morocco • Fatima Sadiqi 54
5. The Promotion of Moroccan Arabic: Successes and Failures • Moha Ennaji 66
6. The Survival of French in Tunisian Identity • Mohamed Daoud 75
7. Hebrew Revivalists’ Goals vis-à-vis the Emerging Israeli Language • Ghil’ad Zuckermann 89
The Americas 104
8. African American Language in U.S. Education and Society: A Story of Success and Failure • Django Paris and Arnetha F. Ball 106
9. Learning English in Puerto Rico: An Approach-Avoidance Conflict? • Miriam Eisenstein Ebsworth and Timothy John Ebsworth 117
10. The Reforming of English Spelling • David F. Marshall 134
11. Sociohistorical Perspective of Quechua Language Policy and Planning in Peru • Serafín M. Coronel-Molina 147
12. Paradoxes of Quechua Language Revitalization in Bolivia: Back Forth along the Success-Failure Continuum • Aurolyn Luykx 158
Asia 172
13. North Korea’s Language Revision and Some Unforeseen Consequences • Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. 174
14. Simplifying Chinese Characters: Not a Simple Matter • Shouhui Zhao and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. 189
15. Problems of Orthography Development for the Yi in China • David Bradley 201
16. Planning for Failure: English and Language Policy and Planning in Bangladesh • M. Obaidul Hamid 213
17. The Emergence, Role, and Future of the National Language in Singapore • Phyllis Ghim-Lian Chew 225
18. Efforts to Vernacularize Sanskrit: Degree of Success and Failure • Madhav M. Deshpande 239
19. The Political Rise of Tamil in the Dravidian Movement in South India • E. Annamalai 251
20. The Politics of Language and Dialect in Colonial India: The Case of Asamiya • Sipra Mukherjee 263
21. Plights of Persian in the Modernization Era • Maryam Borjian and Habib Borjian 275
22. A Pan-Turkic Dream: Language Unification of Turks • Jala Garibova 289
Europe 304
23. Luxembourgish: A Success Story? A Small National Language in a Multilingual Country • Sabine Ehrhart and Fernand Fehlen 306
24. Bavarian: Successful Dialect or Failed Language? • Anthony R. Rowley 320
25. The Regional Languages of Brittany • Michael Hornsby and J. Shaun Nolan 331
26. Success-Failure Continuumof Euskara in the Basque Country • Maria-Jose Azurmendi and Iñaki Martinez de Luna 344
27. The Independent Standardization of Valencian: From Official Use to Underground Resistance • Miquel Àngel Lledó 357
28. The Failure of “German Language Advocacy” among Yiddish-speaking Eastern European Jews prior to and since the Holocaust: The Major Travails and the Minor Triumphs of an Unprotected Language • Joshua A. Fishman 370
29. The Illyrian Movement: A Croatian Vision of South Slavic Unity • Marc L. Greenberg 385
30. Belarusian • Marián Sloboda 402
31. The Ukrainian-Ruthenian Success-Failure Continuum in Austrian Galicia • Anna Veronika Wendland 420
32. From Tornedal Finnish to Meänkieli: A Tornedalian Success Story? • Erling Wande 441
33. Samnorsk • Tove Bull 453
34. The Forgotten Model of a Separate Standard Lowland Lithuanian: Jurgis Pabrėža (1771–1849) • Giedrius Subačius 466
Concluding Thoughts 480
35. The Ambiguous Arithmetic of Language Maintenance and Revitalization • Nancy C. Dorian 482
36. Exploring the Variables in Successes and Failures of Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (L&I Efs) • Ofelia García 493
37. Dubious Arithmetic, Hugging the Center, and Never Say Die! • Joshua A. Fishman 505
Index 510

This volume [V. 1] argues that language, ethnicity, and identity are defined by the circumstances under which they are created. The foundational chapter by Joshua A. Fishman describes how language, ethnicity, and identity are variable and changeable. The essays in the first part of the Handbook view language and ethnic identity through the lenses of sociolinguistics, psychology, anthropology, politics, and economics. These essays address important topics such as diasporic languages and language and ethnic identity near state borders, as well as the education of Indigenous peoples, language minorities, and the Deaf. The second part of the Handbook views language and ethnic identity through a regional perspective, embarking on a journey through Europe, the Americas, Africa and the Middle East, and Asia and the Pacific. Drawing on both historical and up-to-date accounts, these chapters examine the relationship between constructions of language and ethnic identity and constructions of nation-states. - P. [4] of cover

2022-01-29