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Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric Michael Kulikowski Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), 2006

Rome's Gothic Wars is a concise introduction to research on the Roman Empire's relations with one of the most important barbarian groups of the ancient world. The book uses archaeological and historical evidence to look not just at the course of events, but at the social and political causes of conflict between the empire and its Gothic neighbours. In eight chapters, Michael Kulikowski traces the history of Romano-Gothic relations from their earliest stage in the third century, through the development of strong Gothic politics in the early fourth century, until the entry of many Goths into the empire in 376 and the catastrophic Gothic war that followed. The book closes with a detailed look at the career of Alaric, the powerful Gothic general who sacked the city of Rome in 410.

English [en] · EPUB · 0.7MB · 2006 · 📗 Book (unknown) · zlib · Save

Writing in Bronze Age Crete Ester Salgarella Cambridge University Press, Elements in Writing in the Ancient World, 2025

The Bronze Age Aegean and Cyprus were home to a plethora of scripts, including Cretan Hieroglyphic, Linear A and Linear B, Cypro-Minoan and Cypro-Syllabic. This Element is dedicated to the conventionally named 'Minoan' Linear A script, used on Crete and the Aegean islands during the Middle and Late Bronze Age (ca. 1800–1450 BCE). Linear A is still undeciphered, and the language it encodes ('Minoan') thus remains elusive. Notwithstanding, scholars have been able to extract a good amount of information from Linear A inscriptions and their contexts of use. Current ongoing research, integrating the materiality of script with linguistic analysis, offers a cutting-edge approach with promising results. This Element considers Linear A within an investigative framework as well as narrative, shedding light on a number of burning questions in the field, often the subject of intense academic debate.

English [en] · PDF · 5.2MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · zlib · Save

lgli/sanet.st_Polygraphs_From_Rewriting_to_Higher_Categories.pdf

Polygraphs: From Rewriting to Higher Categories Dimitri Ara, Albert Burroni, Yves Guiraud, Philippe Malbos, François Métayer, Samuel Mimram Cambridge University Press, 2025

This is the first book to revisit the theory of rewriting in the context of strict higher categories, through the unified approach provided by polygraphs, and put it in the context of homotopical algebra. The first half explores the theory of polygraphs in low dimensions and its applications to the computation of the coherence of algebraic structures. Illustrated with algorithmic computations on algebraic structures, the only prerequisite in this section is basic category theory. The theory is introduced step-by-step, with detailed proofs. The second half introduces and studies the general notion of n-polygraph, before addressing the homotopy theory of these polygraphs. It constructs the folk model structure on the category on strict higher categories and exhibits polygraphs as cofibrant objects. This allows the formulation of higher-dimensional generalizations of the coherence results developed in the first half. Graduate students and researchers in mathematics and computer science will find this work invaluable.

English [en] · PDF · 5.9MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

Deep Learning Recommender Systems Zhe Wang, Chao Pu, Felice Wang Cambridge University Press, 2025

Recommender systems are ubiquitous in modern life and are one of the main monetization channels for Internet technology giants. This book helps graduate students, researchers and practitioners to get to grips with this cutting-edge field and build the thorough understanding and practical skills needed to progress in the area. It not only introduces the applications of deep learning and generative AI for recommendation models, but also focuses on the industry architecture of the recommender systems. The authors include a detailed discussion of the implementation solutions used by companies such as YouTube, Alibaba, Airbnb and Netflix, as well as the related machine learning framework including model serving, model training, feature storage and data stream processing.

English [en] · PDF · 6.0MB · 2025 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/zlib · Save

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lgli/R:\ebooks\978-1-139-44514-6\Cranial Nerves_ Functional Anatomy by Stanley Monkhouse.pdf

Cranial Nerves Functional Anatomy Stanley Monkhouse Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom

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lgli/heidegger-on-ethics.pdf

Heidegger on Ethics (Elements in the Philosophy of Martin Heidegger) Mahon O'Brien Cambridge University Press, 2025

Heidegger is often understood to have forsaken the very possibility of ethics – we find numerous variations of this view in the secondary literature. And yet, in Letter on Humanism, Heidegger stresses the importance of ethics (thought anew as originary ethics) in the context of the dangers posed by the technological age. In this Element, the author will try to unpack what Heidegger might have meant by this. Ultimately, his account of the essence of the human being will prove to be the key to understanding what he describes as 'originary ethics'.

English [en] · PDF · 2.2MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

Operation Wrath of God: The Secret History of European Intelligence and Mossad's Assassination Campaign Aviva Guttmann Cambridge University Press, 2025

In this unprecedented history of intelligence cooperation during the Cold War, Aviva Guttmann uncovers the key role of European intelligence agencies in facilitating Mossad's Operation Wrath of God. She reveals how, in the aftermath of the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, Palestinians suspected of involvement in terrorism were hunted and killed by Mossad with active European cooperation. Through unique access to unredacted documents in the Club de Berne archive, she shows how a secret coalition of intelligence agencies supplied Mossad with information about Palestinians on a colossal scale and tacitly supported Israeli covert actions on European soil. These agencies helped to anticipate and thwart a number of Palestinian terrorist plots, including some revealed here for the first time. This extraordinary book reconstructs the hidden world of international intelligence, showing how this parallel order enabled state relations to be pursued independently of official foreign policy constraints or public scrutiny.

English [en] · EPUB · 5.0MB · 2025 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/zlib · Save

Black Catholic Worlds: Religious Geographies of Eighteenth-Century Afro-Colombia Bethan Fisk Cambridge University Press, Afro-Latin America, 2025

Centring the lived experiences of enslaved and free people of colour, Black Catholic Worlds illustrates how geographies and mobilities - between continents, oceans, and region - were at the heart of the formation and circulation of religious cultures by people of African descent in the face of racialisation and slavery. This book examines black Catholicism in different sites - towns, mines, haciendas, rochelas, and maroon communities - across New Granada, and frames African-descended religions in the region as "interstitial religions." People of African descent engaged in religious practice and knowledge production in the interstices, in liminal places and spaces that were physical sites but also figurative openings, in a society shaped by slavery. Bringing together fleeting moments from colonial archives, Fisk traces black religious knowledge production and sacramental practice just as gold, mined by enslaved people, again began to flow from the Pacific coast to the Atlantic world.

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Philosophical Perspectives on Infinity Graham Oppy Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), 2006

This book is an exploration of philosophical questions about infinity. Graham Oppy examines how the infinite lurks everywhere, both in science and in our ordinary thoughts about the world. He also analyses the many puzzles and paradoxes that follow in the train of the infinite. Even simple notions, such as counting, adding and maximising present serious difficulties. Other topics examined include the nature of space and time, infinities in physical science, infinities in theories of probability and decision, the nature of part/whole relations, mathematical theories of the infinite, and infinite regression and principles of sufficient reason.

English [en] · PDF · 24.1MB · 2006 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/zlib · Save

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Hands-On Network Machine Learning with Python Eric W. Bridgeford, Alexander R. Loftus, Joshua T. Vogelstein Cambridge University Press, 2025

Bridging theory and practice in network data analysis, this guide offers an intuitive approach to understanding and analyzing complex networks. It covers foundational concepts, practical tools, and real-world applications using Python frameworks including NumPy, SciPy, scikit-learn, graspologic, and NetworkX. Readers will learn to apply network machine learning techniques to real-world problems, transform complex network structures into meaningful representations, leverage Python libraries for efficient network analysis, and interpret network data and results. The book explores methods for extracting valuable insights across various domains such as social networks, ecological systems, and brain connectivity. Hands-on tutorials and concrete examples develop intuition through visualization and mathematical reasoning.The book will equip data scientists, students, and researchers in applications using network data with the skills to confidently tackle network machine learning projects, providing a robust toolkit for data science applications involving network-structured data.

English [en] · PDF · 20.5MB · 2025 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/zlib · Save

lgli/9023.pdf

Environmental Ethics of War Tamar Meisels Cambridge University Press, Elements in International Relations, 2025

War is bad for nature, yet relatively little attention has been devoted to environmental military ethics by just war theorists and philosophers of war. Most wars since 1945 have been civil conflicts, often in areas containing the greatest biodiversity. Combining environmental ethics with ethics of war, this Element examines how the environmental crisis should challenge and change the rules of war. While environmental wartime regulation has been addressed rarely by just war theorists, environmental jus ad bellum has hardly been tackled at all. Can environmental harm trigger a new justification for war? Can targeting nature constitute terrorism? And what would be a proportionate response to ‘environmental aggression’? With global degradation and climate change right around the corner, this Element discusses some of the most pressing practical ethics issues of our times, suggesting that grave environmental transgressions should be combatted by measures that do not themselves cause disproportionate harm to nature.

English [en] · PDF · 1.8MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

Automatic Image Tagging for Corpus Linguistics: A Multimodal Study of News Representations of Islam Paul Baker, Hanna Schmück, Yufang Qian Cambridge University Press, 1, 2025

This Element reports on the creation and analysis ofa 1.5-million-word corpus consisting of a year’s worth of UK nationalpress news articles about Islam and Muslims, published betweenDecember 2022 and November 2023. The corpus also contains 8,546image files which have been automatically tagged using Google’sVertex AI. Analysis was carried out on three levels: a) written text only, b)images only, c) interactions between written text and images. Usingexamples from the analyses, the authors demonstrate the affordancesof these three approaches, providing a critical evaluation of Vertex AI’scapabilities and the abilities of popular corpus software to work withvisually tagged corpora. The Element acts as a practical guide forresearchers who want to carry out this form of analysis. This title is alsoavailable as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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lgli/14675.pdf

Life after Death after Marx Simon Hewitt Cambridge University Press, Elements in Christian Doctrine, 2025

Karl Marx’s criticism of religion, as applied to afterlife belief, needs to be taken seriously by Christian theologians. After outlining that belief, the author examines a picture of heaven implicit in much Christian belief and practice which is susceptible to that critique. He sets out an alternative eschatology, centred on the Kingdom of God and the resurrection of the body, which is somewhat less susceptible. He then explores whether a doctrine of the intermediate state can be sustained in the light of Marx’s criticisms. He goes on to examine the politics of remembrance in the light of Marxist criticism, and to ask whether Christianity can help compensate for the tragic character of Marxism. A constant theme is that Christian theology should exist in tension with Marx’s criticisms, never assuming that it has overcome them completely.

English [en] · PDF · 1.6MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

lgli/6148.pdf

Evolutionary Price Theory Harry Bloch Cambridge University Press, Elements in Evolutionary Economics, 2025

Economic evolution involves structural change from within, so evolutionary price theory needs to address how prices facilitate and accommodate this structural change and how structural change in turn impacts prices. Such analysis is impossible using neoclassical price theory in which endowments of inputs, production technology, and consumer preferences are all treated as exogenously determined and the future is known or at least its probability distribution is known. An alternative theory of price determination outlined in this Element is compatible with structural change from within and an unknown future. The theory employs an open-system ontology and a micro-meso-macro methodology. Prices have a dual informational role in evolutionary economics. As well as coordinating ongoing production and consumption activities, prices provide information to guide potential entrepreneurs and their financiers in evaluating the profitability of innovations. The latter role can substantially disrupt the order created in the former role.

English [en] · PDF · 2.7MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

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lgli/origins-of-colonialism.pdf

Origins of Colonialism Tirthankar Roy Cambridge University Press, Elements in Economic History, 2025

Cover Title page Copyright page Origins of Colonialism: Why Geography Mattered Contents Preface 1 Introduction Why Did Seaborne Trade Lead to Global Empires? Theories of the Origin of a British Empire in India Inland and Coastland Counterfactuals This Isn’t about ‘Port Cities’ Indo-European Trade A Restatement of the Thesis and a Plan 2 Escaping Famines in the Seventeenth Century Satyasyo Kal A Study, In Contrast 1661 Aftermath Conclusion 3 Forging Connections in the Eighteenth Century Post-Diversification Towards Balasore Towards Bengal Towards Malabar Towards the Eastern Deltas Connections with Inland ‘India Is Ours’ Famines Still Mattered Conclusion 4 Creating Cities in the Nineteenth Century Madras Bombay Calcutta Capital Draws in Capital Law Conclusion 5 Beyond India Trade, Colonialism, and Urban Spaces: Northeast Africa Trade, Colonialism, and Urban Spaces: East Africa Conclusion Postscript Appendix: Change of Place Names Bibliography

English [en] · PDF · 3.2MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

lgli/2024-cambridge-checkpoints-units-3-4.pdf

Cambridge Checkpoints VCE 2024 Chemistry Units 3 & 4 Patrick Sanders Cambridge University Press & Assessment, 2024, 2024

Introduction About the author Data tables and Periodic table Data Table 1 Periodic Table of the Elements Data Table 2 Questions Chapter 1: Unit 3 Area of Study 1 – What are the current and future options for supplying energy? Chapter 2: Unit 3 Area of Study 2 – How can the rate and yield of chemical reactions be optimised? Chapter 3: Unit 3 revision paper Chapter 4: Unit 4 Area of Study 1 – How are organic Chapter 5: Unit 4 Area of Study 2 – How are organic compounds analysed and used? Chapter 6: Unit 4 Area of Study 3 – Practical investigation Chapter 7: End of Year trial paper Solutions Chapter 1: Unit 3 Area of Study 1 – What are the current and future options for supplying energy? Chapter 2: Unit 3 Area of Study 2 – How can the rate and yield of chemical reactions be optimised? Chapter 3: Unit 3 revision paper Chapter 4: Unit 4 Area of Study 1 – How are organic compounds categorised and synthesised? Chapter 5: Unit 4 Area of Study 2 – How are organic compounds analysed and used? Chapter 6: Unit 4 Area of Study 3 – Practical investigation Chapter 7: End of Year trial paper

English [en] · PDF · 6.8MB · 2024 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

Aggregation and Antithesis in Ancient Greece Richard Seaford Cambridge University Press, 2025

What is the relationship between forms of thought in literature, philosophy and visual art in ancient Greece, and how are these forms related to their socio-political and economic context? This is the question raised by Richard Seaford in his final book. His answer is framed in terms of the relationship between aggregation and antithesis. In Greece between the eight and fourth centuries BCE, Seaford traces a progressive and complex shift from aggregation to antithesis in literature, philosophy and visual art, and correlates this with the shift from a pre-monetary and pre-polis society to a monetised polis. In the Platonic metaphysics of being, he identifies a further move, the negation of antithesis, which he links with the non-circulating possession of money. In this characteristically ambitious and challenging study, Richard Seaford extends his socio-economic analysis of Greek culture to visual art and includes contrasts with Near Eastern society and art.

English [en] · PDF · 8.1MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/zlib · Save

lgli/1068.pdf

The Revue in Twentieth-Century Budapest: From Cosmopolitan Nightclubs to Stalinist Dogma Dániel Molnár Cambridge University Press, Elements in Musical Theatre, 2025

Since the introduction of modern revues in 1925, the genre faced near-constant political scrutiny in Budapest. Yet by the 1930s, the city had become the capital of Central European cosmopolitan nightlife. The closure of Hungary’s borders after World War II ended any hope of reclaiming this international status. Under communism and the Stalinist totalitarian regime, the revue – despite its popularity – remained politically stigmatised. For the first time, entertainment was treated as a cultural matter rather than merely a law enforcement issue, but it was forced to conform to ideological expectations. Three attempts to legitimise the genre in the 1950s ultimately failed, shaping the trajectory of live entertainment in the era. By the 1960s, revues were officially accepted, yet their cultural significance had faded amid the rise of new entertainment forms.

English [en] · PDF · 3.8MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

lgli/25898.pdf

In Search of National Ancestors: Heritage, Identity, and Placemaking in China Shu-Li Wang Cambridge University Press, Elements in Critical Heritage Studies, 2025

This Element examines how international heritage discourses are internalized and reshaped in China, using the Yellow Emperor cults as a lens to explore broader themes of intangible heritage, religious resurgence, and identity construction. The central argument is that cultural heritage serves as a powerful tool for shaping new religious expressions and enabling Chinese localities to assert their uniqueness while redefining historical narratives. Through case studies of several localities across China, this Element illustrates how these regions engage in heritage competition by branding themselves with Yellow Emperor culture to shape their identities. The Element argues that the cult of the Yellow Emperor – a legendary figure – is empowered by nationalism, a local search for tradition, and religious revivals, and is further amplified by international discourses that reinforce national identity through heritage-making. Together, these forces drive the resurgence of ancestral cults and contribute to cultural identity formation in contemporary China.

English [en] · PDF · 2.1MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

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lgli/Leaving Legacies.pdf

Leaving Legacies: The Individual in Early Modern South Asia Shayan Rajani Cambridge University Press, 2025

Leaving Legacies is a fresh account of the individual in early modern South Asia. A gendered practice carried out by men, leaving legacies involved assembling three kinds of material traces: monuments, books, and sons. Men laid claim to individual distinction within an ethics of remembering worthy individuals by joining their traces with those of men past and reworking older legacies. Their legacies joined their present to the past and future, while also drawing women and non-elite men into a hierarchical order centered upon the individual during Mughal rule and after. This book shows that a concern for the individual self was not an exclusively western phenomenon. Rather, the practice of leaving individual legacies was a crucial means for the production and reproduction of empire, family, and social order in South Asia.

English [en] · PDF · 20.6MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

lgli/28753.pdf

A Sense of the Divine: An Affective Model of General Revelation from the Reformed Tradition N. Gray Sutanto Cambridge University Press, Elements in Christian Doctrine, 2025

How should one make sense of the Christian confession that God has instilled a “sense of divinity” in every person? While other approaches have identified the sense with a perceptual or cognitive faculty or with the empirical reports of theistic belief, this Element advances an affective model of general revelation, which draws from the writings of the neo-Calvinist branch of the Reformed tradition. The author argues that the sense of divinity refers to an implanted “feeling of divinity,” a sensus numinis, and that this model makes better sense of the Christian witness, theologically reorients the empirical findings from the cognitive science of religion, and eludes influential objections against the doctrine of general revelation.

English [en] · PDF · 1.5MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

Operation Wrath of God: The Secret History of European Intelligence and Mossad's Assassination Campaign Aviva Guttmann Cambridge University Press, 2025

In this unprecedented history of intelligence cooperation during the Cold War, Aviva Guttmann uncovers the key role of European intelligence agencies in facilitating Mossad's Operation Wrath of God. She reveals how, in the aftermath of the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, Palestinians suspected of involvement in terrorism were hunted and killed by Mossad with active European cooperation.Through unique access to unredacted documents in the Club de Berne archive, she shows how a secret coalition of intelligence agencies supplied Mossad with information about Palestinians on a colossal scale and tacitly supported Israeli covert actions on European soil. These agencies helped to anticipate and thwart a number of Palestinian terrorist plots, including some revealed here for the first time. This extraordinary book reconstructs the hidden world of international intelligence, showing how this parallel order enabled state relations to be pursued independently of official foreign policy constraints or public scrutiny.

English [en] · FB2 · 6.4MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/zlib · Save

lgli/20853.pdf

The Shang Economy Roderick Campbell Cambridge University Press, Elements in Ancient and Pre-modern Economies, 2025

This Element constitutes a systematic attempt to preliminarily reconstruct the Shang economy based on contemporary archaeological and textual evidence. At the same time, the rapid pace of Chinese archaeological discovery and the increasing deployment of archaeological science means that there is a wealth of new information making a new synthesis both challenging and necessary. This synthesis was written from the perspective that the study of ancient economy necessarily proceeds from the construction of models and the systematic exploration of principal economic components, including their articulation and change over time. Setting the Shang in a comparative context with other ancient economies in this series, those principal components are the domestic and institutional economy, specialization, forms of exchange, and diachronic developments. It is hoped that with this organization, comparison with other ancient economies can be more easily made and the significance of the Shang case more clearly seen.

English [en] · PDF · 6.1MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

lgli/6991.pdf

Divination: A Cognitive Perspective Ze Hong Cambridge University Press, Elements in the Psychology of Religion, 2025

This Element adopts a naturalistic, cognitive perspective to understand divination. Following an overview of divination and the historical background of its scholarly study, Section 2 examines various definitions and proposes a working definition that balances common usage with theoretical coherence. Section 3 surveys existing theories of divination, including symbolic and functional perspectives, while critiquing their limitations. Section 4 argues for the primacy of cognition in divinatory practices, emphasizing the role of universal cognitive mechanisms and culturally specific worldviews in shaping their plausibility and persistence. Expanding on these ideas, Section 5 investigates the interplay between individual cognition and societal processes, highlighting sociocultural factors such as the preferential reporting of successful outcomes that bolster divination’s perceived efficacy. Finally, Section 6 concludes by summarizing the Element’s key arguments and identifying open questions for future research on the cognitive dimension of divination.

English [en] · PDF · 2.9MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

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Kant on Social Suffering Nuria Sánchez Madrid Cambridge University Press, 2025

This Element analyses how Kant's practical philosophy approaches social suffering, while also taking into account the elusiveness of this concept in his work, especially when viewed through a contemporary lens. It claims that Kant's theory of human dignity is a vital tool for detecting social structures in need of improvement, even if the high demands it imposes on the subject show a propensity to conceal situations of domination and oppression. In his writings, Kant investigated various societal challenges such as widespread poverty, duties towards animals, care for the mentally ill, and motherhood out of wedlock, suggesting that the state should solve most of these through financial support from the wealthier segments of society. Although the direct testimony of victims of social suffering does not play a role in Kant's approach, the author holds that he views social interdependence – including, notably, non-humans – as a fundamental commitment underpinning human development.

English [en] · PDF · 3.2MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/zlib · Save

lgli/Lectures on Mathematical Relativity.pdf

Lectures on Mathematical Relativity Justin Corvino, Pengzi Miao Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), 2025

English [en] · PDF · 4.2MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs · Save

History and Hermeneutics Paul Fairfield Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Elements in Historical Theory and Practice, 2025

Philosophical hermeneutics has shed a good deal of light both upon the methodological underpinnings of the humanities and social sciences generally and in particular upon some fundamental issues in the philosophy of history and history proper. The aim in this Element is to analyze those of its arguments that bear directly upon the latter fields. The principal topics taken up are Dilthey's distinction between understanding and explanation, the accent on meaning and experience, and the sense in which we may be said to belong to history. Heidegger's account of historicity and being-in-the-world, Gadamer's conceptions of historical understanding and belonging, and Ricoeur's view of historians as storytellers also come in for analysis. Other themes include the sense in which we may speak of a dialogue with the past, the notion of historical truth, and the problem of constructivism.

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Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe Erik J. Wielenberg Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), 2005

Suppose there is no God. This might imply that human life is meaningless, that there are no moral obligations and hence people can do whatever they want, and that the notions of virtue and vice and good and evil have no place. Erik J. Wielenberg believes this view to be mistaken and in this book he explains why. He argues that even if God does not exist, human life can have meaning, we do have moral obligations, and virtue is possible. Naturally, the author sees virtue in a Godless universe as different from virtue in a Christian universe, and he develops naturalistic accounts of humility, charity, and hope. The moral landscape in a Godless universe is different from the moral landscape in a Christian universe, but it does indeed exist. Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe is a tour of some of the central landmarks of this under-explored territory.

English [en] · PDF · 1.4MB · 2005 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/zlib · Save

The Pioneer Kingdoms of Macedon and Qin: A Triumph of the Periphery Jordan Thomas Christopher Cambridge University Press, 2025

The Pioneer Kingdoms of Macedon and Qin critically compares the cultures of Ancient Greece and Early China in the first millennium BC through following the histories of two of its peripheral cases: Argead Macedon and Qin. Emerging from being fringe states to producing Alexander the Great and the First Emperor of China, then rapidly collapsing, these polities had a unique parallel historical experience, though vastly separated by the political developments brought on by the unique features of Greek and Zhou culture within which they operated. Jordan Thomas Christopher undertakes a holistic comparison of these states from their earliest origins through to the reigns of Alexander the Great and the First Emperor, which receive an extended and multi-layered analysis. He thereby highlights the particularities of Greek and Zhou cultures that often go underappreciated as causal factors in history.

English [en] · PDF · 4.7MB · 2025 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/zlib · Save

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lgli/2024-cambridge-units-3-4.pdf

Cambridge VCE Accounting Units 3&4 Anthony Simmons, Richard Hardy Cambridge University Press & Assessment, 5, 2024

Contents About the authors About the series editors Author acknowledgements Introduction Understanding command termsused in this resource Unit 3 Financial Accounting for a trading business Chapter 1 The role of Accounting 1.1 The purpose of Accounting 1.2 Users of financial information 1.3 The Accounting process 1.4 Accounting assumptions 1.5 Qualitative characteristics 1.6 Elements of Accounting reports Exercises Chapter 2 The Accounting equation 2.1 Assets, liabilities and owner’s equity 2.2 The Balance Sheet 2.3 Classification in the Balance Sheet 2.4 Double-entry Accounting Exercises Chapter 3 The General Ledger 3.1 Ledger accounts and the General Ledger 3.2 Double-entry recording in ledger accounts 3.3 Recording revenues and expenses 3.4 Specific transactions 3.5 The Trial Balance 3.6 Balancing Exercises Chapter 4 Cash transactions: documents, the GST and the General Journal 4.1 Source documents and the Goods and Services Tax (GST) 4.2 Calculating GST 4.3 The General Journal 4.4 Cash receipts 4.5 Cash sales and the GST 4.6 Cash payments 4.7 Cash payments and the GST 4.8 The GST Clearing account Exercises Chapter 5 Accounts Payable: documents, the GST and the General Journal 5.1 Credit purchases and the GST 5.2 Payments to Accounts Payable 5.3 Purchase returns 5.4 Discount revenue 5.5 Statement of Account 5.6 Accounts Payable Turnover Exercises Chapter 6 Accounts Receivable: documents, the GST and the General Journal 6.1 Credit sales and the GST 6.2 Receipts from Accounts Receivable 6.3 Sales returns 6.4 Discount expense 6.5 Statement of Account 6.6 The GST Clearing account 6.7 Accounts Receivable Turnover Exercises Chapter 7 Other transactions: documents, the GST and the General Journal 7.1 Memos and the General Journal 7.2 Non-cash contributions by the owner 7.3 Non-cash drawings by the owner 7.4 Establishing a double-entry system (for an existing business) 7.5 Correcting entries 7.6 Other business documents Exercises Chapter 8 Recording and reporting for inventory 8.1 Trading firms and inventory 8.2 Inventory cards 8.3 Recording in inventory cards 8.4 Valuing inventory: changing cost prices 8.5 Valuing inventory at the time of sale: Identified Cost 8.6 Inventory losses and gains: Identified Cost 8.7 Valuing inventory at the time of sale: FIFO 8.8 Inventory losses and gains: FIFO 8.9 Identified Cost versus FIFO 8.10 Reporting for inventory 8.11 Benefits of the perpetual system Exercises Chapter 9 Valuing and managing inventory 9.1 The ‘cost’ of inventory 9.2 Product costs 9.3 Period costs and other expenses 9.4 Reporting product and period costs 9.5 The Lower of ‘Cost’ and ‘Net Realisable Value’ (NRV) rule 9.6 Inventory write-down 9.7 Reporting an Inventory write-down 9.8 Inventory Turnover (ITO) Exercises Chapter 10 Reporting for profit 10.1 Determining profit or loss 10.2 Closing the ledger 10.3 Transferring Drawings 10.4 The Income Statement 10.5 Uses of the Income Statement 10.6 Financial indicators 10.7 Communicating information: graphical representations Exercises Chapter 11 Reporting for cash 11.1 Reporting for cash 11.2 The Cash Flow Statement 11.3 Uses of the Cash Flow Statement 11.4 Financial indicators 11.5 Cash versus profit Exercises Chapter 12 Balance day adjustments: bad and doubtful debts 12.1 The need for balance day adjustments 12.2 Credit sales and Accounts Receivable 12.3 Bad debts expense 12.4 Subsequent periods Exercises Unit 4 Recording,reporting,budgeting and decision-making Chapter 13 Prepaid and accrued expenses 13.1 Prepaid expenses 13.2 Accrued expenses 13.3 The Post-adjustment Trial Balance Exercises Chapter 14 Accounting for non-current assets 1 14.1 Non-current assets 14.2 Calculating depreciation expense: straight-line method 14.3 Calculation issues: straight-line method 14.4 Recording depreciation 14.5 Reporting depreciation 14.6 Purchasing non-current assets Exercises Chapter 15 Accounting for non-current assets 2 15.1 Methods of depreciation 15.2 Calculating depreciation expense: reducing balance method 15.3 Comparing depreciation methods 15.4 Disposal of a non-current asset 15.5 Assessing profit or loss on disposal 15.6 Trade-in of a non-current asset 15.7 Reporting profit or loss on disposal of a non-current asset Exercises Chapter 16 Unearned and accrued revenues 16.1 The need for balance day adjustments 16.2 Unearned revenues 16.3 Unearned sales revenue: deposits 16.4 Accrued revenue Exercises Chapter 17 Budgeting 17.1 Budgeting 17.2 The budgeting process 17.3 The Budgeted Cash Flow Statement 17.4 Calculating cash flows from credit transactions 17.5 The Budgeted Income Statement 17.6 The Budgeted Balance Sheet 17.7 Account reconstruction 17.8 Variance reports: cash and profit Exercises Chapter 18 Evaluating performance: profitability 18.1 Analysis and interpretation of profitability 18.2 Tools for assessing profitability 18.3 Return on Owner’s Investment (ROI) 18.4 Debt Ratio 18.5 Return on Assets (ROA) 18.6 Earning revenue: Asset Turnover (ATO) 18.7 Controlling expenses 18.8 Net Profit Margin (NPM) 18.9 Gross Profit Margin (GPM) 18.10 Vertical analysis of the income statement 18.11 Non-financial information 18.12 Strategies to improve profitability Exercises Chapter 19 Evaluating performance: liquidity 19.1 Assessing liquidity 19.2 Working Capital Ratio (WCR) 19.3 Quick Asset Ratio (QAR) 19.4 Cash Flow Cover (CFC) 19.5 The speed of liquidity 19.6 Inventory Turnover (ITO) 19.7 Accounts Receivable Turnover (ARTO) 19.8 Accounts Payable Turnover (APTO) Exercises Glossary Selected Answers Acknowledgements

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Cambridge IELTS General Training 19 unknown author Cambridge University Press and Assessment, 2024

Prepare for the exam with practice tests from Cambridge Inside you’ll find four authentic examination papers from Cambridge University Press & Assessment. They are the perfect way to practise – EXACTLY like the real exam. Why are they unique? All our authentic practice tests go through the same design process as the IELTS test. We check every single part of our practice tests with real students under exam conditions, to make sure we give you the most authentic experience possible. Students can take these tests on their own or with the help of a teacher to familiarise themselves with the exam format, understand the scoring system and practise exam technique. Further information IELTS is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Further information can be found on the IELTS official website at ielts.org.

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Assassins Guild 3: His Unexpected Mate Michelle Howard MH Publications, 2021

Should she? Scarlett Tun desired the charismatic assassin from the moment she set eyes on him. Relationships weren’t her thing but she could definitely spend some quality time with the new and very sexy addition to their friend group. If only he didn’t put up such a hard fight. He shouldn’t. Resisting the beautiful medic who made her interest known wasn’t easy. Everything about Scarlet drew Amar Faason. If it were anyone else, he would have succumbed at the first wicked smile, but she was friends with his peers’ bond mates and Amar didn’t mix his personal life with his professional. Ever. Then the unimaginable happened and with Scarlett’s life on the line, Amar soon realizes he’d rather have Scarlett in his bed and heart then worry about things going wrong. Besides, his inner cat claimed her as his mate and only a shifter fool walked away from that gift.

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The Metaphysics of Divine Participation Alexander J. B. Hampton Cambridge University Press, 2025

Participation has been central to the story of Western philosophy and theology for at least two millennia. It has been employed to conceptualise the relationship between God and creation, between universals and particulars, and between the One and the many. This Element approaches the concept systematically to acquire an appreciation of its breadth and depth under four fundamental themes: creation and the divine ideas, incarnation and salvation, being and multiplicity, and the human activities of naming, knowing and making. In doing so it examines some of the key thinkers in the participatory tradition, including Augustine, Irenaeus, Aquinas and Nicholas of Cusa. Readers will be introduced to the key contours and manifestations of participatory metaphysics, and its role in Christianity's self-articulation. Together, these considerations will demonstrate how the metaphysics of participation has shaped the Christian tradition.

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How the World Became a Book in Shakespeare's England Jonathan P. Lamb Cambridge University Press, -, -, 1st, 2025

Human beings build their worlds using metaphors. Just as computertechnology has inaugurated a massive metaphorical transformationin the present era, in which we can “reboot” social causes or “program”human behavior, books spawned new metaphorical worldsin newly print-savvy early modern England. Pamphleteers appealedto books to stage political attacks, preachers formulated theologicalclaims using metaphors of page and binding, and scientists claimedto leaf through the “Book of Nature.” Jonathan P. Lamb shows how,far from offering a mere linguistic tool, this astonishingly broadlexicontaught entire cultures how to imagine, giving early modernwriters– from Shakespeare to Cavendish, and from the famous to theanonymous – the language to describe and reshape the worlds aroundthem. This book reveals how, at a scale beyond anything scholarshave imagined, bookish language shaped religious, political, racial,scientific, and literary questions that remain alive today.

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In the Shadow of Minority Rights: Decolonising Gender, Liberalism and the Politics of Difference Sagnik Dutta Cambridge University Press, 1, 2025

How and where do religious minorities claim their rights? This book challenges abstract liberal approaches to minority rights and colonial constructions of the minority. It charts a new way of understanding minority rights based on an exploration of the everyday life of Muslim women's activism in Mumbai and its intersection with transnational feminist networks and a global politics of Islamic reform. It shows how women deploy everyday ideas of ethics and bodily practices to challenge inequality in Muslim family law. They construct a just community based upon the ethical ideals of the Quran and rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution and negotiate for rights within homes, police stations, and neighbourhoods in ghettoes. Everyday familiarity is interlaced with violence in women's interactions with the state and non-state actors as they claim their rights, and practices of ethics and intimate negotiations with processes of ghettoisation and violence shape the everyday life of rights.

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The Invention of Colonialism Sebastian Sobecki Cambridge University Press, 2025

This Element argues that it was not just the application of medieval texts by Richard Hakluyt that made them relevant for England's budding colonial ideology; rather, it shows that these premodern texts already conveyed the essence of the expansionist mercantilism and colonialist imperialism that would characterise early English exceptionalism and the Elizabethan reach for the Americas. The upshot of the author's argument is threefold. First, Hakluyt and his contemporaries were much better and closer readers of medieval travel texts than we give them credit for; second, the ideology behind English colonialism was shaped in the late medieval period, not in Elizabethan England, and third, another facet of periodisation, with its epistemological emphasis on rupture rather than continuity, comes under pressure.

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A Theology of Home in a Time of Homelessness Siobhán Garrigan Cambridge University Press, Elements in Christian Doctrine, 2025

Homelessness abounds today in various forms of displacement and as a pervasive condition of unbelonging. It ruins health, lives, communities, habitats, creativity, and hope. This Element argues that for theology to play its part in ending homelessness, it must better understand its own concept of ‘home’. The Element proposes a vision of home capable of resisting the tacit, mistaken theology of home that undergirds the various iterations of modern homelessness. Weaving biblical and ritual sources, the argument constructs theological responses to the twin forces of capitalism and nationalism which, alloyed with sexism and racism, constitute the time of homelessness in which we live. It asks the reader to imagine home as ‘participating instead of possessing’ in every sphere of life, in pursuit of a theology of home aimed at preventing homelessness and not merely ministering to people experiencing it.

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Citizens to Traitors: Bengali Internment in Pakistan, 1971–1974 Ilyas Chattha Cambridge University Press, -, -, 1st, 2025

The break-up of Pakistan in 1971 following a bloody civil war and military defeat by India is wrapped in layers of silences, making it difficult to ferret out the truth from the mistruths. The war ended with over 90,000 Pakistani prisoners of war (POWs) captured in East Pakistan–turned-Bangladesh, who were then transferred to Indian custody. Pakistan responded by interning roughly the same number of Bengali co-religionists in West Pakistan as leverage for the return of its captured POWs. Neither group would return home immediately in what arguably became one of the largest cases of mutual mass internment since 1945. Drawing on a wide range of untapped sources, this book traces the trajectory of this crisis of captivity in which the Bengalis found themselves as rightless citizens with 'traitor' and 'enemy' status after the Bangladesh War. Over half a century after the 1971 war, the internment of Bengalis remains a non-event in the most significant political crisis in Pakistan's history. This book explains this silence in the historiography.

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The Fight Over Digital Rights: The Politics of Copyright and Technology Bill D. Herman Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), 2013

In the political fight over copyright, Internet advocacy has reshaped the playing field. This was shown in the 2012 'SOPA blackout', when the largest online protest in history stopped two copyright bills in their tracks. This protest was the culmination of an intellectual and political evolution more than a decade in the making. This book examines the debate over digital copyright, from the late 1980s through early 2012, and the new tools of political communication involved in the advocacy around the issue. Drawing on methods from legal studies, political science and communications, it explores the rise of a coalition seeking more limited copyright, as well as how these early-adopting, technology-savvy policy advocates used online communication to shock the world. It compares key bills, congressional debates, and offline and online media coverage using quantitative and qualitative methods to create a rigorous study for researchers that is also accessible to a general audience.ISBN : 9781107334045

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Cambridge Senior Mathematics VCE: Foundation Mathematics Units 3 & 4 Justine Sakurai, Dave Tout, Megan Blanch, Mal Hand, Jim Spithill, Pamela McGillivray Cambridge University Press & Assessment, 2025

Prelims Table of contents About the authors Introduction Guide to this resource Acknowledgements CHAPTER 1 Introducing working with maths in the real world CHAPTER 2 Working with numbers 2A Starting activities 2B Tuning in 2C Understanding rational and irrational numbers 2D Order of operations, powers and roots 2E Estimation and reasonableness 2F Very large and very small numbers CHAPTER 3 Brushing up your calculating skills 3A Starting activities 3B Tuning in 3C Refresher on ratios and proportions 3D Proportions and direct variation 3E Indirect variation 3F Refresher on calculating with percentages 3G Percentage change 3H Percentage error CHAPTER 4 Using and applying algebraic thinking 4A Starting activities 4B Tuning in 4C Writing algebraic expressions 4D Writing and solving equations 4E Transposing equations and formulas 4F Seeing equations and formulas visually 4G Using and applying simultaneous equations CHAPTER 5 Collecting data 5A Starting activities 5B Tuning in 5C The statistical cycle 5D Types of data 5E The purpose of data collection 5F Data collection specifications 5G Developing and producing surveys 5H Can we believe the data? CHAPTER 6 Representing data 6A Starting activities 6B Tuning in 6C Collating data in tables 6D Refresher on common graphical representations 6E Creating graphs and charts using Excel and Word 6F Contemporary graphs CHAPTER 7 Analysing and interpreting data 7A Starting activities 7B Tuning in 7C Interpolation and extrapolation 7D Measures of central tendency 7E Measures of spread 7F Seeing the bigger picture 7G Telling the story 7H Twisting the data CHAPTER 8 Connecting chance and data 8A Starting activities 8B Tuning in 8C Refresher on working with probability and chance 8D Long-term data CHAPTER 9 Managing your money 9A Starting activities 9B Tuning in 9C Interest and repayments 9D Comparing credit options 9E Student loan schemes 9F Wage growth and the cost of living CHAPTER 10 National and global financial and consumer issues 10A Starting activities 10B Tuning in 10C Comparing products and services 10D Responsibilities to our society: Understanding taxes and more 10E National and global money factors 10F Risk versus reward 10G Environmental and health issues CHAPTER 11 The maths of business 11A Starting activities 11B Tuning in 11C Financial planning and business revenue 11D Expenses and the BAS 11E Financial statements CHAPTER 12 Using and applying shape and geometry skills 12A Starting activities 12B Tuning in 12C Shapes and objects in the world 12D Transforming shapes 12E Angle properties 12F Using maps and map applications 12G Reading and working with plans 12H Creating 3D from 2D CHAPTER 13 Using and applying measurement skills 13A Starting activities 13B Tuning in 13C Measuring 13D Converting units 13E Calculating length and area 13F Calculating volume, capacity and density 13G Measurement error, accuracy, precision and tolerance Answers

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Sailing Away from Byzantium toward East Roman History Leonora Neville Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Elements, 2025

Although the first thing one learns about the 'Byzantine Empire' is that it was really the eastern Roman empire, scholars have preferred to call it 'Byzantine' in a repudiation of the self-conception and emic vocabulary of the inhabitants of that polity. The terminology of 'Byzantium' artificially severs the 'medieval' eastern Roman empire from its 'classical' roots allowing for the fundamentally Eurocentric schematization of history into 'ancient,' 'medieval,' and 'Renaissance' periods. 'Byzantine' is not a benign term of art but has served a variety of political and historiographical agendas including maintaining nationalist visions of ethnic continuity, creating precedents for communism, enabling politics of nostalgia for Orthodox dominion, and constructing visions of western European superiority and masculinity that justify colonialism. By exploring these intellectual legacies of 'Byzantium,' and the benefits of conceptualizing Roman history as an unsevered whole, this Element exhorts scholars to let go of the 'Byzantine' misnomer.

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Leadership in the Ancient World: Concepts, Models, Theories Melina Tamiolaki Cambridge University Press, Antiquity in Global Context, 2025

Leaders abounded in the ancient world, from kings, pharaohs, emperors, tyrants, politicians, and orators to generals, minor officials and intellectuals. This book opens fresh perspectives on leadership by examining under-explored topics, posing new questions and revisiting old concepts. In particular, it seeks to shift attention from constitutional issues stricto sensu (such as kingship, monarchy, tyranny, etc.) or, more productively, to prompt a re-examination of these issues through the lens of leadership. The volume includes chapters on a range of cultures from across the ancient world in order to promote comparative reflection. Key questions include whether some models of good and bad leadership were universal among ancient cultures or exhibited differences? Why did a certain culture emphasise one leadership quality while another insisted on another? Why did only some cultures develop a theoretical discourse on leadership? How did each culture appropriate, define, redefine (or react) to existing concepts of leadership?

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Democracy Charles Tilly Cambridge University Press (Virtual Publishing), 2007

Democracy identifies the general processes causing democratization and de-democratization at a national level across the world over the last few hundred years. It singles out integration of trust networks into public politics, insulation of public politics from categorical inequality, and suppression of autonomous coercive power centres as crucial processes. Through analytic narratives and comparisons of multiple regimes, mostly since World War II, this book makes the case for recasting current theories of democracy, democratization and de-democratization.

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Bandleader Mrs Mary Hamer and Her Boys: Popular Music and Dance Cultures in Interwar Liverpool Laura Hamer and Michael Brocken Cambridge University Press, Elements in Women in Music, 2025

The city of Liverpool is renowned for its popular music, although the formidable hagiography which has developed around the Beatles tends to dominate historical considerations to the virtual exclusion of the many other varied genres which have flourished in the city before, during, and after them. Within Liverpool’s popular-music past is a partially hidden history of women’s musical leadership. This Element concerns the Grafton Rooms’ bandleader, dancer, and pianist Mary Hamer (1904–1992). Hamer led the otherwise all-male dance band at the Grafton for two decades, providing dancers with first-class dance music. The Element considers Hamer within the rapidly evolving dance music culture of interwar Liverpool, and discusses the different genres and sub-genres of popular music and dance presented at the Grafton and the role(s) of women in popular music and as bandleaders. This is contextualised within the contemporary social anxieties of popular dance cultures, sexuality, faith, class, and race.

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Human Cognitive Diversity Ingo Brigandt Cambridge University Press, 1, 2025

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The Cambridge Companion to Christian Liturgy Joris Geldhof Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Companions, 2025

Throughout the long history of Christianity, Christians have celebrated their faith in a myriad of ways. This Companion offers new insights into the theological depths of the liturgical mysteries that are the essence of Christian worship services, rituals, and sacraments. It investigates how these mysteries order time and space, and how they permeate the life of the Churches. The volume explores how Christian liturgy, as a corporeal and communal set of activities, has had a profound impact on spiritualities, preaching, pastoral engagement, and ecumenical relations, as well as encounters with religious others. Written by an international team of scholars, it also explores the intrinsic connections between liturgy and the arts, and why liturgy matters theologically. Ultimately, The Cambridge Companion to Christian Liturgy demonstrates the inextricable link between theology and liturgy and provides incentives for critical and constructive reflections about the relevance of liturgy in today's world.

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Politicizing Business Ning Leng Cambridge University Press, 2025

The Chinese Communist Party has always been ambivalent about how to treat the private sector of the economy. Professor Leng's superb study provides us with a nuanced view of this complicated relationship. Using detailed case studies (the urban bus sector and waste management) she demonstrates convincingly how the authoritarian political economy leads to the politicization of business. Businesses are seen as providing career support to individual officials through visibility projects and providing systemic support aiding social control. Far from outcomes being solely attributable to Xi Jinping's or any central leader's approach, she demonstrates how government-business relations are driven by the incentive system under which local officials operate. The book is a must-read, not only for those interested in government-business relations but also for those who seek a deeper, more nuanced understanding of China's political economy.

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Ukrainian Literature: A Wartime Guide for Anglophone Readers Marko Pavlyshyn Cambridge University Press, Elements in Soviet and Post-Soviet History, 2025

Ukrainian Literature: A Wartime Guide for Anglophone Readers is an introduction for general readers and students to Ukrainian literature in English translation. It takes as its starting point the responses of Ukrainian poets and prose writers to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the preceding eight-year war. Each of the Element’s ten sections describes a key event in Ukrainian cultural history in its literary context, surveying related works and their authors, Ukrainian and international literary and intellectual movements, and developments in political and social life. The Element gives preeminent attention to a theme that the war has foregrounded: the enduringly fraught relationship of Ukraine and Russia. While focussing mainly on texts in Ukrainian, the Element refers to other literary cultures – Polish, Russian, Jewish and Crimean Tatar, among others – whose participants were active on the territory of today’s Ukraine.

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Patient with Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome Gabriel Metcalf-Cuenca, Patrick F. X. Statham Cambridge University Press, Elements in Emergency Neurosurgery, 2025

Cauda equina syndrome is the clinical syndrome seen when there is acute compression of the cauda equina nerve roots and is a rare neurosurgical emergency. The approximate incidence in patients presenting with low back pain is 0.27 per cent but delays in investigation and treatment can result in life-changing permanent disability. The best practice for patients presenting with potential cauda equina syndrome is urgent MRI imaging at the presenting hospital to avoid delays in diagnosis. Patients with a positive finding of cauda equina compression should proceed to decompressive surgery to restore the diameter of the spinal canal urgently to reduce the risk of developing a permanent deficit.

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Environment and Society in Soviet Estonia, 1960–1990: An Intimate Cultural History Epp Annus Cambridge University Press, Elements in Soviet and Post-Soviet History, 2025

Russia’s twenty-first-century military aggression has inspired calls for rethinking the Soviet era and its aftermath – for drawing attention to decolonizing efforts within the (former) USSR and to Russia’s colonial practices and imperial aspirations. At the same time, the present era of anthropogenic climate change urges us to consider the global and planetary implications of local actions. This Element combines these two scholarly impulses to consider Soviet-era Estonian society between the 1960s and the 1980s: it investigates how natural environments and social ideas and circumstances were intertwined in fundamental ways, and it emphasizes local agency over homogenizing strategies of Soviet rule. Estonians cared deeply about their local environments, but they also took inspiration from environmentalist works of global importance. Various aspects of Estonian environmental thought and practice are analyzed as tied to local, intimate environments, as impacted by Soviet/Russian colonial rule, and as connected to the global circulation of ideas.

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