Title Page 1 Contents 2 Conventions 2 1. Command line options 3 2. Syntax 4 3. Variables 4 4. Literals 5 5. Operators and precedence 6 6. Statements 7 7. Subroutines, packages and modules 7 8. Pragmatic modules 9 9. Object oriented programming 10 10. Arithmetic functions 10 11. Conversion functions 11 12. Structure conversion 11 13. String functions 12 14. Array and hash functions 12 15. Regular expressions 14 16. Search and replace functions 15 17. File test operators 16 18. File operations 16 19. Input / Output 17 20. Formats 19 21. Directory reading routines 19 22. System interaction 19 23. Networking 21 24. SystemV IPC 21 25. Miscellaneous 22 26. Information from system files 23 27. Special variables 24 28. Special arrays 25 29. Standard modules 26 30. Environment variables 30 31. The perl debugger 30 About This Guide 32 Programming Perl

The complete Perl command reference-the perfect tool for finding the syntax for the most common and obscure Perl commands. <ul> <li>Commands are sorted by task, class packet, platform or hardware compatibility all in alphabetical order</li> <li>Includes jump tables to guide readers to specific pages in the reference</li> <li>Designed in a larger trim size than traditional Quick References and with a lay-flat binding</li> </ul>

(c) 2003 The Quick Reference Site (Tim Sinaeve)

Installing Perl 3 INSTALL 3 NAME 3 SYNOPSIS 3 DESCRIPTION 3 WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. 3 Space Requirements 3 Start with a Fresh Distribution 4 Run Configure 4 GNU-style configure 5 Extensions 5 Including locally-installed libraries 6 Examples 6 gdbm in /usr/local 6 gdbm in /usr/you 7 Installation Directories 7 Changing the installation directory 8 Creating an installable tar archive 9 Site-wide Policy settings 9 Configure-time Options 9 Threads 9 Selecting File IO mechanisms 9 1. 10 2. 10 Building a shared libperl.so Perl library 11 Malloc Issues 11 Malloc Performance Flags 12 -DNO_FANCY_MALLOC 12 -DPLAIN_MALLOC 12 Building a debugging perl 12 Other Compiler Flags 12 What if it doesn`t work? 13 Running Configure Interactively 13 Hint files 13 ** WHOA THERE!!! *** 13 Changing Compilers 13 Propagating your changes to config.sh 14 config.over 14 config.h 14 cflags 14 No sh 14 Porting information 14 make depend 14 make 15 hints 15 extensions 15 locale 15 malloc duplicates 15 varargs 15 util.c 15 Solaris and SunOS dynamic loading 15 ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error: 16 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 16 dlopen: stub interception failed 16 nm extraction 16 umask not found 16 vsprintf 16 do_aspawn 16 __inet_* errors 17 Optimizer 17 CRIPPLED_CC 17 Missing functions 17 toke.c 17 Missing dbmclose 17 Note (probably harmless): No library found for -lsomething 17 sh: ar: not found 18 db-recno failure on tests 51, 53 and 55 18 Bad arg length for semctl, is XX, should be ZZZ 18 lib/ipc_sysv........semget: No space left on device 18 Miscellaneous 18 make test 18 What if make test doesn`t work? 18 locale 15 Out of memory 19 make install 19 Installing perl under different names 19 Installed files 19 Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5 20 Maintaining completely separate versions 21 Upgrading from 5.004 to 5.005 21 Coexistence with perl4 21 cd /usr/include; h2ph *.h sys/*.h 21 installhtml ‘help 22 cd pod &&
make tex &&
(process the latex files) 22 Reporting Problems 22 DOCUMENTATION 22 AUTHOR 23 REDISTRIBUTION 23 LAST MODIFIED 23 The Perl FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) 24 perlfaq 24 NAME 24 DESCRIPTION 24 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. 24 perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl 24 perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl 24 perlfaq3: Programming Tools 24 perlfaq4: Data Manipulation 24 perlfaq5: Files and Formats 24 perlfaq6: Regexps 24 perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues 24 perlfaq8: System Interaction 24 perlfaq9: Networking 24 Where to get this document 24 How to contribute to this document 24 What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors 24 Credits 24 Author and Copyright Information 25 Bundled Distributions 25 Disclaimer 25 Changes 25 22/June/98 25 24/April/97 25 23/April/97 25 25/March/97 25 18/March/97 25 17/March/97 Version 25 Initial Release: 11/March/97 25 perlfaq1 26 NAME 26 DESCRIPTION 26 What is Perl? 26 Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? 26 Which version of Perl should I use? 26 What are perl4 and perl5? 26 How stable is Perl? 27 Is Perl difficult to learn? 27 How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? 27 Can I do [task] in Perl? 27 When shouldn`t I program in Perl? 27 What`s the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? 28 Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? 28 What is a JAPH? 28 Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? 28 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? 28 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 29 perlfaq2 30 NAME 30 DESCRIPTION 30 What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? 30 How can I get a binary version of Perl? 30 I don`t have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? 30 I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don`t work. 30 I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? 30 What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? 31 Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? 31 Where can I get information on Perl? 31 What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions? 31 Where should I post source code? 32 Perl Books 32 References 33 Tutorials 33 Task-Oriented 33 Special Topics 33 Perl in Magazines 33 Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access 34 What mailing lists are there for perl? 34 MacPerl 34 Perl5-Porters 34 NTPerl 34 Perl-Packrats 34 Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc 34 Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? 35 Where do I send bug reports? 35 What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute? 35 How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? 36 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 36 perlfaq3 37 NAME 37 DESCRIPTION 37 How do I do (anything)? 37 How can I use Perl interactively? 37 Is there a Perl shell? 37 How do I debug my Perl programs? 37 How do I profile my Perl programs? 38 How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? 38 Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? 38 Is there a ctags for Perl? 38 Where can I get Perl macros for vi? 38 Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? 39 How can I use curses with Perl? 39 How can I use X or Tk with Perl? 39 How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? 39 What is undump? 39 How can I make my Perl program run faster? 39 How can I make my Perl program take less memory? 40 Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? 40 How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? 40 How can I make my CGI script more efficient? 40 How can I hide the source for my Perl program? 41 How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? 41 How can I get #!perl
to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? 42 Can I write useful perl programs on the command line? 42 Why don`t perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? 42 Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? 43 Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? 43 Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] 44 I`ve read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can`t embed perl in 44 When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it 44 What`s MakeMaker? 44 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 44 perlfaq4 45 NAME 45 DESCRIPTION 45 Data: Numbers 45 Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? 45 Why isn`t my octal data interpreted correctly? 45 Does perl have a round function? What about ceil()
and floor()
? Trig functions? 45 How do I convert bits into ints? 46 How do I multiply matrices? 46 How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? 46 How can I output Roman numerals? 46 Why aren`t my random numbers random? 46 Data: Dates 47 How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? 47 How can I compare two dates and find the difference? 47 How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? 47 How can I find the Julian Day? 47 Does Perl have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? 47 Data: Strings 47 How do I validate input? 47 How do I unescape a string? 48 How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? 48 How do I expand function calls in a string? 48 How do I find matching/nesting anything? 48 How do I reverse a string? 48 How do I expand tabs in a string? 48 How do I reformat a paragraph? 48 How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? 49 How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? 49 How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? 49 How do I capitalize all the words on one line? 50 How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside 50 How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? 50 How do I extract selected columns from a string? 51 How do I find the soundex value of a string? 51 How can I expand variables in text strings? 51 What`s wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
52 Why don`t my <<HERE documents work? 52 1. There must be no space after the << part. 52 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end. 52 3. You can`t (easily) have any space in front of the tag. 52 Data: Arrays 53 What is the difference between $array[1]
and @array[1]? 53 How can I extract just the unique elements of an array? 54 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: 54 b) If you don`t know whether @in is sorted: 54 c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers: 54 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps: 54 e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive integers: 54 How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? 54 How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? 55 How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? 55 How do I handle linked lists? 55 How do I handle circular lists? 55 How do I shuffle an array randomly? 56 How do I process/modify each element of an array? 56 How do I select a random element from an array? 56 How do I permute N elements of a list? 57 How do I sort an array by (anything)? 57 How do I manipulate arrays of bits? 58 Why does defined()
return true on empty arrays and hashes? 58 Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) 58 How do I process an entire hash? 58 What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? 59 How do I look up a hash element by value? 59 How can I know how many entries are in a hash? 59 How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? 59 How can I always keep my hash sorted? 59 What`s the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? 59 Why don`t my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? 61 How do I reset an each()
operation part-way through? 61 How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? 61 How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? 61 How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? 61 Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? 61 How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? 62 How can I use a reference as a hash key? 62 Data: Misc 62 How do I handle binary data correctly? 62 How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? 62 How do I keep persistent data across program calls? 63 How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? 63 How do I define methods for every class/object? 63 How do I verify a credit card checksum? 63 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 63 perlfaq5 64 NAME 64 DESCRIPTION 64 How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? 64 65 How do I count the number of lines in a file? 66 How do I make a temporary file name? 66 How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? 67 67 How can I use a filehandle indirectly? 68 How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()
? 70 How can I write()
into a string? 70 How can I output my numbers with commas added? 70 How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? 70 How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? 71 Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use " or trailing blanks? 72 How can I reliably rename a file? 72 How can I lock a file? 72 1 72 2 72 3 72 What can`t I just open(FH, "
file.lock")? 72 I still don`t get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? 73 How do I randomly update a binary file? 73 How do I get a file`s timestamp in perl? 73 How do I set a file`s timestamp in perl? 74 How do I print to more than one file at once? 74 How can I read in a file by paragraphs? 74 How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? 74 How can I tell if there`s a character waiting on a filehandle? 76 How do I do a tail -f
in perl? 77 How do I dup()
a filehandle in Perl? 77 How do I close a file descriptor by number? 78 Why can`t I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn`t `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? 78 Why doesn`t glob("*.*") get all the files? 78 Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i
clobber protected files? Isn`t this a bug in Perl? 78 How do I select a random line from a file? 78 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 78 perlfaq6 79 NAME 79 DESCRIPTION 79 How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? 79 Comments Outside the Regexp 79 Comments Inside the Regexp 79 Different Delimiters 79 I`m having trouble matching over more than one line. What`s wrong? 79 How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? 80 I put a regular expression into $/
but it didn`t work. What`s wrong? 80 How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the RHS? 81 How can I make \w
match national character sets? 82 How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/
? 82 How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp? 82 What is /o
really for? 82 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? 82 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? 83 What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it? 83 How do I process each word on each line? 83 How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? 83 How can I do approximate matching? 84 How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? 84 Why don`t word-boundary searches with \b
work for me? 85 Why does using $&,
$`,
or $'
slow my program down? 85 What good is \G
in a regular expression? 85 Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? 86 What`s wrong with using grep or map in a void context? 86 How can I match strings with multibyte characters? 86 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 87 perlfaq7 88 NAME 88 DESCRIPTION 88 Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? 88 What are all these $@%*
punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? 88 Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? 88 How do I skip some return values? 89 How do I temporarily block warnings? 89 What`s an extension? 89 Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? 89 How do I declare/create a structure? 89 How do I create a module? 90 How do I create a class? 91 How can I tell if a variable is tainted? 91 What`s a closure? 91 What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? 92 How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regexp}? 92 Passing Variables and Functions 92 Passing Filehandles 92 Passing Regexps 93 Passing Methods 93 How do I create a static variable? 94 What`s the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local()
and my()
? 94 How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? 95 What`s the difference between deep and shallow binding? 95 Why doesn`t "my($foo)
= <FILE
;" work right? 95 How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? 96 What`s the difference between calling a function as &foo
and foo()
? 96 How do I create a switch or case statement? 96 How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? 97 Why can`t a method included in this same file be found? 98 How can I find out my current package? 98 How can I comment out a large block of perl code? 98 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 98 perlfaq8 100 NAME 100 DESCRIPTION 100 How do I find out which operating system I`m running under? 100 How come exec()
doesn`t return? 100 How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? 100 Keyboard 100 Screen 100 Mouse 100 How do I print something out in color? 100 How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? 100 How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? 102 How do I clear the screen? 102 How do I get the screen size? 102 How do I ask the user for a password? 103 How do I read and write the serial port? 103 lockfiles 103 open mode 103 end of line 103 flushing output 103 non-blocking input 104 How do I decode encrypted password files? 104 How do I start a process in the background? 104 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared 104 Signals 104 Zombies 105 How do I trap control characters/signals? 105 How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? 105 How do I set the time and date? 105 How can I sleep()
or alarm()
for under a second? 105 How can I measure time under a second? 106 How can I do an atexit()
or setjmp()/longjmp()
? (Exception handling) 106 Why doesn`t my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? 106 How can I call my system`s unique C functions from Perl? 107 Where do I get the include files to do ioctl()
or syscall()
? 107 Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? 107 How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? 107 Why can`t I get the output of a command with system()
? 107 How can I capture STDERR from an external command? 107 Why doesn`t open()
return an error when a pipe open fails? 109 What`s wrong with using backticks in a void context? 109 How can I call backticks without shell processing? 109 Why can`t my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? 110 1 110 2 110 3 110 4 110 How can I convert my shell script to perl? 110 Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? 110 How can I write expect in Perl? 110 Is there a way to hide perl`s command line from programs such as "ps"? 110 111 Unix 111 How do I close a process`s filehandle without waiting for it to complete? 111 How do I fork a daemon process? 111 How do I make my program run with sh and csh? 111 How do I find out if I`m running interactively or not? 111 How do I timeout a slow event? 111 How do I set CPU limits? 112 How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? 112 How do I use an SQL database? 112 How do I make a system()
exit on control-C? 112 How do I open a file without blocking? 112 How do I install a CPAN module? 112 1 110 2 110 3 110 4 110 5 112 What`s the difference between require and use? 112 How do I keep my own module/library directory? 113 How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? 113 How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? 113 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 113 perlfaq9 114 NAME 114 DESCRIPTION 114 My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) 114 How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? 114 How do I remove HTML from a string? 115 How do I extract URLs? 115 How do I download a file from the user`s machine? How do I open a file on another machine? 115 How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? 116 How do I fetch an HTML file? 116 How do I automate an HTML form submission? 116 How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? 116 How do I redirect to another page? 117 How do I put a password on my web pages? 117 How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? 117 How do I make sure users can`t enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? 117 How do I parse a mail header? 117 How do I decode a CGI form? 117 How do I check a valid mail address? 118 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? 119 How do I return the user`s mail address? 119 How do I send mail? 119 How do I read mail? 120 How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? 120 How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? 121 How do I fetch/put an FTP file? 121 How can I do RPC in Perl? 121 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT 121 The Core Perl Manual 122 perl 122 NAME 122 SYNOPSIS 122 DESCRIPTION 123 Many usability enhancements 123 Simplified grammar 124 Lexical scoping 124 Arbitrarily nested data structures 124 Modularity and reusability 124 Object-oriented programming 124 Embeddable and Extensible 124 POSIX compliant 124 Package constructors and destructors 124 Multiple simultaneous DBM implementations 124 Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded 124 Regular expression enhancements 124 Innumerable Unbundled Modules 125 Compilability 125 ENVIRONMENT 125 AUTHOR 125 FILES 125 SEE ALSO 125 DIAGNOSTICS 125 BUGS 125 NOTES 126 perl5004delta 127 NAME 127 DESCRIPTION 127 Supported Environments 127 Core Changes 127 List assignment to %ENV works 127 "Can`t locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC 127 Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 127 $PERL5OPT
environment variable 127 Limitations on -M
, -m
, and -T
options 127 More precise warnings 127 Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD
for non-methods 127 Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable 128 Subroutine arguments created only when they`re modified 128 Group vector changeable with $)

128 Fixed parsing of $$<digit
,
&$<digit
,
etc. 128 Fixed localization of $<digit
,
$&,
etc. 128 No resetting of $.
on implicit close 128 wantarray
may return undef 129 eval EXPR
determines value of EXPR in scalar context 129 Changes to tainting checks 129 No glob() or <* 129 No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV 129 No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn`t look like a terminal name 129 New Opcode module and revised Safe module 129 Embedding improvements 129 Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes 129 Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface 130 New and changed syntax 130 $coderef-(PARAMS) 130 New and changed builtin constants 130 __PACKAGE__ 130 New and changed builtin variables 130 $^E 130 $^H 130 $^M 130 New and changed builtin functions 130 delete on slices 130 flock 130 printf and sprintf 130 keys as an lvalue 131 my() in Control Structures 131 pack() and unpack() 131 sysseek() 132 use VERSION 132 use Module VERSION LIST 132 prototype(FUNCTION) 132 srand 132 $_ as Default 132 m//gc does not reset search position on failure 132 m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{} 132 nested sub{} closures work now 133 formats work right on changing lexicals 133 New builtin methods 133 isa(CLASS) 133 can(METHOD) 133 VERSION( [NEED] ) 133 TIEHANDLE now supported 134 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST 134 PRINT this, LIST 134 PRINTF this, LIST 134 READ this LIST 134 READLINE this 134 GETC this 135 DESTROY this 135 Malloc enhancements 135 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK 135 -DPACK_MALLOC 135 -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE 135 Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements 135 Support for More Operating Systems 136 Win32 136 Plan 9 136 QNX 136 AmigaOS 136 Pragmata 136 use autouse MODULE = qw(sub1 sub2 sub3) 136 use blib 136 use blib `dir' 136 use constant NAME = VALUE 136 use locale 136 use ops 137 use vmsish 137 Modules 137 Required Updates 137 Installation directories 137 Module information summary 137 Fcntl 138 IO 138 Math::Complex 138 Math::Trig 139 DB_File 139 Net::Ping 139 Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators 139 Utility Changes 139 pod2html 139 Sends converted HTML to standard output 139 xsubpp 140 void XSUBs now default to returning nothing 140 C Language API Changes 140 gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv 140 perl_eval_pv 140 Extended API for manipulating hashes 140 Documentation Changes 140 perldelta 140 perlfaq 140 perllocale 140 perltoot 140 perlapio 140 perlmodlib 141 perldebug 141 perlsec 141 New Diagnostics 141 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope 141 %s argument is not a HASH element or slice 141 Allocation too large: %lx 141 Allocation too large 141 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s) 141 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string 141 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr 141 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package 142 Can`t redefine active sort subroutine %s 142 Can`t use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use 142 Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s' 142 Constant subroutine %s redefined 142 Constant subroutine %s undefined 142 Copy method did not return a reference 142 Died 142 Exiting pseudo-block via %s 142 Identifier too long 142 Illegal character %s (carriage return) 142 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s 142 Integer overflow in hex number 142 Integer overflow in octal number 142 internal error: glob failed 143 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s" 143 Invalid type in pack: `%s' 143 Invalid type in unpack: `%s' 143 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo 143 Null picture in formline 143 Offset outside string 143 Out of memory! 143 Out of memory during request for %s 143 panic: frexp 143 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list 143 Possible attempt to separate words with commas 144 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s} 144 Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s' 144 Too late for "-T" option 144 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist 144 Unrecognized character %s 144 Unsupported function fork 144 Use of "$$<digit" to mean "${$}<digit" is deprecated 144 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined() 145 Variable "%s" may be unavailable 145 Variable "%s" will not stay shared 145 Warning: something`s wrong 145 Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter 145 Got an error from DosAllocMem 145 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX 146 PERL_SH_DIR too long 146 Process terminated by SIG%s 146 BUGS 146 SEE ALSO 146 HISTORY 146 perldata 147 NAME 147 DESCRIPTION 147 Variable names 147 Context 148 Scalar values 148 Scalar value constructors 150 List value constructors 152 Typeglobs and Filehandles 154 perlsyn 155 NAME 155 DESCRIPTION 155 Declarations 155 Simple statements 155 Compound statements 156 Loop Control 157 For Loops 158 Foreach Loops 158 Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements 160 Goto 162 PODs: Embedded Documentation 162 Plain Old Comments (Not!) 163 perlop 164 NAME 164 SYNOPSIS 164 DESCRIPTION 164 Terms and List Operators (Leftward) 164 The Arrow Operator 165 Auto-increment and Auto-decrement 165 Exponentiation 165 Symbolic Unary Operators 165 Binding Operators 166 Multiplicative Operators 166 Additive Operators 166 Shift Operators 166 Named Unary Operators 166 Relational Operators 167 Equality Operators 167 Bitwise And 167 Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or 168 C-style Logical And 168 C-style Logical Or 168 Range Operators 168 Conditional Operator 169 Assignment Operators 170 Comma Operator 170 List Operators (Rightward) 170 Logical Not 171 Logical And 171 Logical or and Exclusive Or 171 C Operators Missing From Perl 171 unary & 171 unary * 171 (TYPE) 171 Quote and Quote-like Operators 171 Regexp Quote-Like Operators 172 ?PATTERN? 173 m/PATTERN/cgimosx 173 /PATTERN/cgimosx 173 q/STRING/ 175 `STRING' 175 qq/STRING/ 175 "STRING" 175 qr/STRING/imosx 176 qx/STRING/ 176 `STRING` 175 qw/STRING/ 177 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx 177 tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds 179 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds 179 Gory details of parsing quoted constructs 180 Finding the end 180 Removal of backslashes before delimiters 181 Interpolation 181 <<`EOF', m`', s`'', tr///, y/// 181 `', q// 181 "", ``, qq//, qx//, 181 ?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/, 181 Interpolation of regular expressions 182 Optimization of regular expressions 182 I/O Operators 182 Constant Folding 185 Bitwise String Operators 185 Integer Arithmetic 185 Floating-point Arithmetic 186 Bigger Numbers 186 perlre 187 NAME 187 DESCRIPTION 187 i 187 m 187 s 187 x 187 Regular Expressions 187 (?#text) 190 (?:pattern) 190 (?imsx-imsx:pattern) 190 (?=pattern) 190 (?!pattern) 190 (?<=pattern) 190 (? pattern) 190 (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) 193 (?(condition)yes-pattern) 193 (?imsx-imsx) 193 Backtracking 193 Version 8 Regular Expressions 196 WARNING on \1 vs $1
197 Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring 197 Creating custom RE engines 198 SEE ALSO 199 perlrun 200 NAME 200 SYNOPSIS 200 DESCRIPTION 200 1. 200 2. 200 3. 200 #! and quoting on non-Unix systems 201 OS/2 201 MS-DOS 201 Win95/NT 201 Macintosh 201 Location of Perl 202 Switches 202 -0[digits] 202 -a 202 -c 202 -d 202 -d:foo 202 -Dletters 202 -Dnumber 202 -e commandline 203 -Fpattern 203 -h 203 -i[extension] 203 -Idirectory 205 -l[octnum] 205 -m[-]module 205 -M[-]module 205 -M[-]`module ...' 205 -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]... 205 -n 205 -p 206 -P 206 -s 206 -S 206 -T 207 -u 207 -U 207 -v 207 -V 207 -V:name 207 -w 207 -x directory 207 ENVIRONMENT 207 HOME 207 LOGDIR 207 PATH 207 PERL5LIB 207 PERL5OPT 208 PERLLIB 208 PERL5DB 208 PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32 port) 208 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS 208 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL 208 perlfunc 209 NAME 209 DESCRIPTION 209 Perl Functions by Category 210 Functions for SCALARs or strings 210 Regular expressions and pattern matching 210 Numeric functions 210 Functions for real @ARRAYs 210 Functions for list data 210 Functions for real %HASHes 210 Input and output functions 210 Functions for fixed length data or records 210 Functions for filehandles, files, or directories 210 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program 210 Keywords related to scoping 210 Miscellaneous functions 210 Functions for processes and process groups 210 Keywords related to perl modules 210 Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness 210 Low-level socket functions 210 System V interprocess communication functions 211 Fetching user and group info 211 Fetching network info 211 Time-related functions 211 Functions new in perl5 210 Functions obsoleted in perl5 210 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions 211 -X FILEHANDLE 211 -X EXPR 211 -X 211 abs VALUE 213 abs 213 accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET 213 alarm SECONDS 213 alarm 213 atan2 Y,X 213 bind SOCKET,NAME 213 binmode FILEHANDLE 213 bless REF,CLASSNAME 214 bless REF 214 caller EXPR 214 caller 214 chdir EXPR 214 chmod LIST 214 chomp VARIABLE 215 chomp LIST 215 chomp 215 chop VARIABLE 215 chop LIST 215 chop 215 chown LIST 215 chr NUMBER 216 chr 216 chroot FILENAME 216 chroot 216 close FILEHANDLE 216 close 216 closedir DIRHANDLE 216 connect SOCKET,NAME 216 continue BLOCK 217 cos EXPR 217 crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT 217 dbmclose HASH 218 dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE 218 defined EXPR 218 defined 218 delete EXPR 219 die LIST 219 do BLOCK 220 do SUBROUTINE(LIST) 220 do EXPR 220 dump LABEL 221 each HASH 221 eof FILEHANDLE 222 eof () 222 eof 222 eval EXPR 222 eval BLOCK 222 exec LIST 224 exec PROGRAM LIST 224 exists EXPR 225 exit EXPR 225 exp EXPR 225 exp 225 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR 225 fileno FILEHANDLE 226 flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION 226 fork 227 format 227 formline PICTURE,

About This Book This book covers all basic Python syntaxes ( 400 examples, 400 outputs, 400 explanations ). We can quickly reference the most helpful programming syntaxes, such as common command syntax, string function syntax, collection function syntax, class & object syntax......; all these syntaxes are very useful for programming. We can take this book as a basic syntax manual because its entries are arranged alphabetically so that we can easily reference the important syntax. Nowadays or future, the Python Syntax Book can provide great help for coding both in our study and our work. Note The paperback version of this book is shown at the lower part of this page.

Over the years, there have been several arguments as regards what UI/UX design stands for in the design profession. The majority of persons do not quite understand these terms; hence, they have confused them to be the same and generally used the terms interchangeably. To some extent, people even ascribe their job descriptions as the same, because of the confusion. Certainly, some employers do not understand the difference between a UX and UI designer, thus they make mistakes when hiring designers. However, in this book, we have been able to explain the distinction between the two designs, and they are not the same when it comes to making and designing digital products. Nonetheless, a UI designer can also be a UX designer; this however depends on his level of expertise. All these differences, job descriptions, duties, and so forth are discussed in this book, below are some other snippets of what you should expect to see. What is design? How is design related to technology? What you should understand by UI/UX design Duties as a UX designer The UI designer's job description What are the drawbacks of a mixed UI/UX position? User persona for UX Design What are the benefits of creating user personas? User research for UX design UX research in the design process Wireframes in the UX design UX research to define UX strategy The significance of a user experience strategy How do you create a UX strategy? UX design prototypes Disadvantages of paper prototypes Prototyping on the Computer HTML and JavaScript prototypes UX research for prototypes Visual design Principles in UI Design What is design thinking? What are the benefits of empathy? What is anticipation? What is intuition? What is playfulness? What are the benefits of creativity? What are the benefits of refinement? Tools for UI Design Creating wireframe using Axure Creating wireframe using Balsamiq Why is expression important? What is the balance? Visual Weight Factors Tension vs. Balance Four Different Types of Balance How to create a balance? About the Golden Ratio The relationship between the Golden Ratio and Design How to Improve UI Design Using the Golden Ratio What is the purpose of discovery? Discoveries' Most Common Activities The End Result or yield of a Discovery Designing a User Interface Understanding the hierarchy How to Create an Effective Visual Hierarchy What is alignment in UI design? What is the significance of typography? Using typeface or fonts Typography on the web The basics of typography in the web design Customizing Your Fonts Types of type elements Anatomy of typography How to choose fonts Branding process What is readability in UI design? What makes a good UI design? How to get the aspect ratio? What are design systems? What is Figma and what does it do? What are ligatures? The Importance of Grid What is a box modal? What is a flexbox? What is responsive design? Tips to Creating the layout What is fluid? How to apply Grid Significance of shadow in the design process How to use transparency in design How to use color composition Microcopy in design Prototype design in Adobe Photoshop How to build a persuasive product How to apply psychological principles to persuade How to create sitemaps What is motion? Click on the BUY NOW BUTTON at the top right to get started

Typescript is a better jаvascript, It is a statically typed, safe programming language, which uses more or less the same syntax as jаvascript. Typescript programs are compiled to jаvascript, and they can be run anywhere jаvascript is supported. It is widely used by professional jаvascript developers, for frontend development (e.g., Angular, React, and VueJS) as well as for backend development (e.g., Node.Js and Deno). This book is a "mini" language reference on the Typescript programming language. We go through all essential features of Typescript (as of versions 4.8 and 4.9), and some new ECMAScript features, in this book. Although it is written as a reference, however, you can read it more or less from beginning to end and you should be able to get the overall picture of the Typescript language if you have some prior experience with programming in Typescript or modern jаvascript (ES2015 and later). Typescript’s marketing slogan, in the early days, used to be TypeScript is a superset of jаvascript. This phrase, when interpreted literally, does not mean very much. For one thing, a programming language is not a mathematical set, and hence one programming language cannot be a superset of another. Regardless, Typescript uses the same or similar jаvascript syntax in many parts of its grammar, including (almost) all statements and expressions. Typescript’s extension over jаvascript is primarily limited to types. jаvascript is a dynamically and loosely typed language. It has pros and cons. For small projects, or for quick prototyping, dynamic languages like jаvascript or Python can be extremely convenient. On the other hand, when you work on bigger and longer-term projects, using statically typed languages tends to be increasingly more advantageous. Typescript’s new slogan is TypeScript is jаvascript with syntax for types. And, it emphasizes the tooling aspect of the programming language, at any scale. Typescript is widely used with many jаvascript application frameworks such as Angular, React, and Vuejs, which are primarily intended for building large-scale jаvascript apps. In fact, Typescript got a big break, as a new language, when the Angular team adopted Typescript as their default programming language for Angular version 2.0 (and, onward). As the saying goes, the rest is history. As of this writing (January 2023), React Native, another jаvascript-based hybrid mobile app development framework, also adopted Typescript as their primary language. The book covers: Typescript development basics. ES module system. Basic JS/TS types. Type annotations. Variable declarations. Type inference. Algebraic data types. Generics. Objects. Classes. Function types. Arrow functions. How to create new types from existing types.

About This Book This book covers all basic C++ syntaxes, almost each syntax entry lists a program example and result output. ( 300 examples, 300 outputs, 300 explanations ). We can quickly reference the most helpful programming syntaxes, such as common command syntax, string function syntax, collection function syntax, class & object syntax......; all these syntaxes are very useful for programming. We can take this book as a basic syntax manual because its entries are arranged alphabetically so that we can easily reference the important syntax. Nowadays or in the future, the C++ Syntax Book can provide great help for coding both in our study and our work. Note The paperback version of this book is shown at the lower part of this page.

Learn Python in a Weekend! This book is an (informal) language reference on the Python programming language. Python is one of the most widely used languages in many different application areas. We go through all essential features of the modern Python programming language, including the match statement (3.10) and exception groups (3.11). Although the book is written as a reference, you can read it more or less from beginning to end and you should be able to get the overall picture of the Python language if you have some prior experience with programming in Python. The book covers Python program top-level components. Python package/module import system. Builtin type hierarchy. Data model. List, map, tuple literals. Expressions. Simple and compound statements. Function, class definitions. Object oriented programming in Python. Structural pattern matching. Coroutines, async/await. Order your copy today and learn all about Python this weekend! :)

Learn Python in a Weekend! This book is an (informal) language reference on the Python programming language. Python is one of the most widely used languages in many different application areas. We go through all essential features of the modern Python programming language, including the match statement (3.10) and exception groups (3.11). Although the book is written as a reference, you can read it more or less from beginning to end and you should be able to get the overall picture of the Python language if you have some prior experience with programming in Python. The book covers Python program top-level components. Python package/module import system. Builtin type hierarchy. Data model. List, map, tuple literals. Expressions. Simple and compound statements. Function, class definitions. Object oriented programming in Python. Structural pattern matching. Coroutines, async/await. Order your copy today and learn all about Python this weekend! :)

Ultimate guide to C++ programming language. Guide assumes that all readers have a general understanding of programming languages, and an understanding of the PC/Wintel environment. 4-page guide includes detailed information on: · numbers & characters · operators · if/else commands · arrays · switch statements · loops · functions · sharing variables · advanced functions

Learn Lua Programming in a Weekend!This book is a mini language reference on the Lua programming language. Lua is one of the "smallest" and simplest programming languages, and it is widely used as a scripting language in many applications, including various game engines such as Roblox. Lua is a "beginner-friendly" programming language. We go through all important features of Lua, as a standalone coding language in this book.Although the book is written as a reference, you can read it more or less from beginning to end and you should be able to get the overall picture of the Lua language if you are familiar with some basic syntax of Lua. The book also includes all essential builtin functions and the standard library functions.The book coversLua standalone interpreter. How to effectively use the Lua REPL.Lua program execution. How to run the lua command in various ways.Types, literals, variables. How to assign values to local variables and reference them.Expressions. For example, how to do simple arithmetic and comparison operations.Functions. How to define a named and unnamed functions, and how to call these functions.Statements, such as the if conditional and the for, while, and repeat iteration statements.Tables. And, various uses of tables as a map and an array, etc.Metatables. How to customize the behavior of tables using metamethods.Basic object-oriented programming (OOP) in Lua. Factory methods and classes.Iterators. How to customize the iteration behavior of tables.Concurrency. Various coroutine methods for thread lifetime management.Lua standard libraries: math, string, table, os, io, file, and coroutine.

The Perl/Tk Pocket Reference is a companion volume to Learning Perl/Tk, our complete tutorial that shows how to use Perl/Tk to build graphical, event-driven applications for both Windows and UNIX. With Tk, Perl programs can be window-based rather than command-line based, with buttons, entry fields, listboxes, menus, scrollbars, balloons, tables, dialogs, and more. This small book is a handy reference guide geared toward the advanced Perl/Tk programmer. The Perl/Tk Pocket Reference describes every Perl/Tk graphical element, including general widget and variable information, callbacks, geometry management, bindings, events, and window management, as well as composite widget, font, and image creation and manipulation commands.

<p>Revised to cover Perl Version 5.6, this quick reference provides a complete overview of the Perl programming language, all packed into a convenient, carry-around booklet.</p> <p>This third edition covers:</p> <ul> <li>A summary of Perl syntax rules</li> <li>A complete list of operators, built-in functions, and standard library modules, all with brief descriptions</li> <li>The newest Perl features, such as enhanced regular expressions, multithreading, the Perl compiler, and unicode support <i>The Perl 5 Pocket Reference,</i> 3rd Edition, is the perfect companion to the authoritative books on Perl published by O'Reilly &amp; Associates: <i>Programming Perl,</i> <i>Learning Perl,</i> and the <i>Perl Cookbook.</i></li> </ul>

Do you wish to master the Ti-84 plus ce calculator for all your mathematical calculations? Then you need to get this book. The TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator is an outstanding tool that provides students with the ability to solve equations and problems, as well as up their programming skills through Python. What the T1-84 Plus CE offers is not just a mathematical tool, it is one that performs a variety of tasks in the arithmetic and coding space. The goal here, especially as a beginner, is to bring the capabilities of the calculator to your knowledge and show you what it does and how you can benefit from it. In this book, you will find the key to unlocking a number of equations ranging from problems in Algebra, Trigonometry, Exponents, Cube roots, Matrices and Graphs, and you can solve them accurately. The book also walks you through the process of solving complex functions and analyzing functions using graphical information. More importantly, the extraordinary function of the TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator Python Edition is also thoroughly highlighted in this book. You will learn how to code and run a variety of python programs via simple steps. The book gives a practical guide on python programming and maximizing the TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator to meet your coding needs. Scroll up and click on the BUY NOW button to get this book in your library or as a gift item to your loved ones who are students

Do you wish to master the Ti-84 plus ce calculator for all your mathematical calculations? Then you need to get this book. The TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator is an outstanding tool that provides students with the ability to solve equations and problems, as well as up their programming skills through Python. What the T1-84 Plus CE offers is not just a mathematical tool, it is one that performs a variety of tasks in the arithmetic and coding space. The goal here, especially as a beginner, is to bring the capabilities of the calculator to your knowledge and show you what it does and how you can benefit from it. In this book, you will find the key to unlocking a number of equations ranging from problems in Algebra, Trigonometry, Exponents, Cube roots, Matrices and Graphs, and you can solve them accurately. The book also walks you through the process of solving complex functions and analyzing functions using graphical information. More importantly, the extraordinary function of the TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator Python Edition is also thoroughly highlighted in this book. You will learn how to code and run a variety of python programs via simple steps. The book gives a practical guide on python programming and maximizing the TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator to meet your coding needs. Scroll up and click on the BUY NOW button to get this book in your library or as a gift item to your loved ones who are students

This condensed code and syntax reference book presents the Raku (formerly known as Perl 6) scripting language in a well-organized format designed to be used time and again. It contains an easy-to-read and use guide to Raku for software application development.Using this book will give you a feel for the language, as well as an introduction to the different features (such as object-oriented programming) that make Raku such a unique language. You won’t find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn out history lessons, or witty stories in this book. __Perl 6 Quick Syntax Reference__ is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any developer new to Raku.**What You Will Learn** * Use Raku expressions and operators * Work with Raku data access and persistent data * Process complex data structures available in Raku * Work with functions, modules, and more * Use Raku classes, roles, and traits * Take advantage of regular expressions and grammars using Raku * Use the Unicode standard to its full extent in your scripts **Who This Book Is For**Those new to Raku who have at least some programming experience in any scripting language.

1C++ OOP (Object-oriented programming) 6 2C++ Advantages 8 3C++ Program 9 4C++ Tokens 10 5C++ Coding Standards 11 6C++ Comments 12 7C++ Identifiers 13 8C++ Keywords 14 9C++ Whitespace 15 10 C++ NULL Statement 16 11C++ Data Types 17 12C++ Variables 18 13C++ Local Vs Global Variables 19 14C++ literals 20 15C++ Operators 21 16C++ Modifiers 22 17C++ Storage Classes 23 18 C++ Loops 24 19C++ Loop Control Statement 25 20 C++ Conditional Statement 26 21C++ Functions: 27 22 C++ Arrays: 28 23 C++ Inline Function 29 24 C++ Namespace 30 25 C++ Classes & Objects 31 26 C++ Inheritance 32 27 C++ Constructors 34 28 C++ Destructors 35 29 C++ Function Overloading 36 30 C++ Operator Overloading 37 31C++ Abstraction 38 32 C++ Encapsulation 39 33 C++ Polymorphism 40 34 C++ Exception Handling 41 35 C++ Late Binding 43 36 C++ References 44 37 C++important Points 46

Learn the Julia programming language as quickly as possible. This book is a must-have reference guide that presents the essential Julia syntax in a well-organized format, updated with the latest features of Julia’s APIs, libraries, and packages. This book provides an introduction that reveals basic Julia structures and syntax; discusses data types, control flow, functions, input/output, exceptions, metaprogramming, performance, and more. Additionally, you'll learn to interface Julia with other programming languages such as R for statistics or Python. At a more applied level, you will learn how to use Julia packages for data analysis, numerical optimization, symbolic computation, and machine learning, and how to present your results in dynamic documents. The Second Edition delves deeper into modules, environments, and parallelism in Julia. It covers random numbers, reproducibility in stochastic computations, and adds a section on probabilistic analysis. Finally, it provides forward-thinking introductions to AI and machine learning workflows using BetaML, including regression, classification, clustering, and more, with practical exercises and solutions for self-learners.

"AngularJS Programming" covers all essential AngularJS knowledge. You can learn complete primary skills of AngularJS fast and easily. This book includes many practical Hands-On Projects. You can study AngularJS coding with Hands-On Projects. Table of Contents Hour 1 Introduction to AngularJS Hour 2 Directives Hour 3 Filters Hour 4 Directive in DOM Hour 5 Events Hour 6 Expression Hour 7 Controller & Scope Hour 8 Module & API Appendix Ajax Basic Appendix AngularJS Tests & Answers Tests Answers AngularJS Source code for download

First you'll learn how to build out your shared, virtual, or dedicated host. Then, you'll see how to build your applications for production and deploy them with one step, every time. Deploying Rails Applications will take you from a simple shared host through a highly scalable clustered and balanced setup with Nginx. See how to tell whether you've bought enough firepower, and learn how to optimize your Rails projects applications in a systemic, rational way. Take advantage of advanced caching techniques, and become and expert with the latest servers in Nginx and Mongrel. Don't worry. You'll get a dose of Apache too. Not only will you learn how to configure your production environment, you'll also see how to monitor it with free, automated tools that can restart your servers when the memory use gets too high for comfort. You'll see how to take a performance baseline, profile for bottlenecks, and solve the most common performance problems you're likely to see. You'll Everything from source control and migrations to Capistrano, rake tasks and beyond. Directly from authors who run EngineYard, one of the best Rails hosts in the business. How to deploy your applications to multiple production servers with a single command using Capistrano. How to setup a Rails/Nginx/Mongrel cluster for applications with high scalabilty needs. ...and more!

"No matter what your background, the pages that follow will provide you with some excellent knowledge, insight, and even a little bit of wisdom in the realm of Flash and ActionScript. Happy learning!" -- Branden Hall, from the Foreword Written by Flash insiders with extensive knowledge of the technology, this guide is designed specifically to help Flash designers and developers make the leap from ActionScript 2.0 to the new object-oriented ActionScript 3.0 quickly and painlessly. Formatted so you can find any topic easily, ActionScript 3.0 Quick Reference Guide explains: Object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, such as packages and classes ActionScript 3.0 features and player enhancements that improve performance Workflow differences between ActionScript 2.0 and ActionScript 3.0 including tools, code editing, component sets, and image and font rendering Where did it go? A guide to help you find familiar features in ActionScript 3.0, such as global functions, operators, properties, and statements How do I? Step-by-step solutions for performing tasks with ActionScript 3.0, including input, sound, video, display, events, text, and more Also included are overviews of Flash and ActionScript features and workflows. ActionScript 3.0 is a huge upgrade to Flash's programming language -- and this guide helps you upgrade your skills to match it.

If you have a Perl programming question, you'll find the answer quickly in this handy, easy-to-use quick reference. The Perl Pocket Reference condenses and organizes stacks of documentation down to the most essential facts, so you can find what you need in a heartbeat. Updated for Perl 5.14, the 5th edition provides a summary of Perl syntax rules and a complete list of operators, built-in functions, and other features. It's the perfect companion to O'Reilly's authoritative and in-depth Perl programming books, including Learning Perl , Programming Perl , and the Perl Cookbook.

<p>Would you like to go from first idea to working code much, much faster? Do you currently spend more time satisfying the compiler instead of your clients or end users? Are you frustrated with demanding languages that seem to get in your way, instead of getting the work done? Are you using Rails, and want to dig deeper into the underlying Ruby language? If so, then we've got a language and book for you!</p> <p>Ruby 1.9 is the latest version of Ruby. It has many compelling features, including multinationalization support, new block scoping, and better performance. At the same time, the current Ruby 1.8 is still being maintained and is widely used. We're therefore releasing both the Ruby 1.9 version of the PickAxe (this book) alongside the 1.8 version of the PickAxe. Readers can choose the book that matches their environment.</p> <p>Ruby is a fully object-oriented language, much like the classic object-oriented language, Smalltalk. Like Smalltalk, it is dynamically typed (as opposed to Java or C++), but unlike Smalltalk, Ruby features the same conveniences found in modern scripting languages, making Ruby a favorite tool of intelligent, forward-thinking programmers and the basis for the Rails web framework.</p> <p>This is <i>the</i> reference manual for Ruby, including a description of all the standard library modules, a complete reference to all built-in classes and modules (including all the new and changed methods introduced by Ruby 1.9). It also includes all the new and changed syntax and semantics introduced since Ruby 1.8. Learn about the new parameter passing rules, local variable scoping in blocks, fibers, multinationalization, and the new block declaration syntax, among other exciting new features.</p>

The Visibooks Guide to PERL Basics helps beginners learn how to create interactive Web sites using the PERL programming language.It provides a firm foundation in the fundamentals of computer programming.

Learn the Julia programming language as quickly as possible. This book is a must-have reference guide that presents the essential Julia syntax in a well-organized format, updated with the latest features of Julia’s APIs, libraries, and packages.This book provides an introduction that reveals basic Julia structures and syntax; discusses data types, control flow, functions, input/output, exceptions, metaprogramming, performance, and more. Additionally, you'll learn to interface Julia with other programming languages such as R for statistics or Python. At a more applied level, you will learn how to use Julia packages for data analysis, numerical optimization, symbolic computation, and machine learning, and how to present your results in dynamic documents.The Second Edition delves deeper into modules, environments, and parallelism in Julia. It covers random numbers, reproducibility in stochastic computations, and adds a section on probabilistic analysis. Finally, it provides forward-thinking introductions to AI and machine learning workflows using BetaML, including regression, classification, clustering, and more, with practical exercises and solutions for self-learners. Who This Book Is ForExperienced programmers who are new to Julia, as well as data scientists who want to improve their analysis or try out machine learning algorithms with Julia.

This textbook provides a starter’s guide to Verilog, to be used in conjunction with a one-semester course in Digital Systems Design, or on its own for readers who only need an introduction to the language. This book is designed to match the way the material is actually taught in the classroom. Topics are presented in a manner which builds foundational knowledge before moving onto advanced topics. The author has designed the presentation with learning goals and assessment at its core. Each section addresses a specific learning outcome that the student should be able to “do” after its completion. The concept checks and exercise problems provide a rich set of assessment tools to measure student performance on each outcome. Written the way the material is taught, enabling a bottom-up approach to learning which culminates with a high-level of learning, with a solid foundation; Emphasizes examples from which students can learn: contains a solved example for nearly every section in the book; Includes more than 200 exercise problems, as well as concept check questions for each section, tied directly to specific learning outcomes.

This quick Julia programming language guide is a condensed code and syntax reference to the Julia 1.x programming language, updated with the latest features of the Julia APIs, libraries, and packages. It presents the essential Julia syntax in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. This book provides an introduction that reveals basic Julia structures and syntax; discusses data types, control flow, functions, input/output, exceptions, metaprogramming, performance, and more. Additionally, you'll learn to interface Julia with other programming languages such as R for statistics or Python. You will learn how to use Julia packages for data analysis, numerical optimization and symbolic computation, and how to disseminate your results in dynamic documents or interactive web pages. In this book, the focus is on providing important information as quickly as possible. It is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any Julia programmer. What You Will Learn Set up the software needed to run Julia and your first Hello World example Work with types and the different containers that Julia makes available for rapid application development Use vectorized, classical loop-based code, logical operators, and blocks Explore Julia functions by looking at arguments, return values, polymorphism, parameters, anonymous functions, and broadcasts Build custom structures in Julia Interface Julia with other languages such as C/C++, Python, and R Program a richer API, modifying the code before it is executed using expressions, symbols, macros, quote blocks, and more Maximize your code's performance Who This Book Is For Experienced programmers new to Julia, as well as existing Julia coders new to the now stable Julia version 1.0 release.

The complete Perl command reference-the perfect tool for finding the syntax for the most common and obscure Perl commands. <ul> <li>Commands are sorted by task, class packet, platform or hardware compatibility all in alphabetical order</li> <li>Includes jump tables to guide readers to specific pages in the reference</li> <li>Designed in a larger trim size than traditional Quick References and with a lay-flat binding</li> </ul>

If you have a Perl programming question, you'll find the answer quickly in this handy, easy-to-use quick reference. The Perl Pocket Reference condenses and organizes stacks of documentation down to the most essential facts, so you can find what you need in a heartbeat. Updated for Perl 5.14, the 5th edition provides a summary of Perl syntax rules and a complete list of operators, built-in functions, and other features. It's the perfect companion to O'Reilly's authoritative and in-depth Perl programming books, including Learning Perl , Programming Perl , and the Perl Cookbook.

Ruby is the fastest growing and most exciting dynamic language out there. If you need to get working programs delivered fast, you should add Ruby to your toolbox. This book is the only complete reference for Ruby 1.9, the very latest version of Ruby. (If you are still using Ruby 1.8, you'll want to check out the original PickAxe.)

Version 4.0 of O'Reilly's The Perl CD Bookshelf gives programmers convenient online access to their favorite Perl books, all from their CD-ROM drive. We've updated this best-selling product with electronic versions of six popular books. Included are the second editions of Perl in a Nutshell, and Mastering Regular Expressions; the third editions of Learning Perl and Programming Perl; and 2 new titles: Learning Perl Objects, References, and Modules, and the long-awaited second edition of Perl Cookbook. A paperback version of Perl in a Nutshell rounds out this incredible package. It also includes valuable content straight from the O'Reilly Network. Formatted in HTML, The Perl CD Bookshelf, Version 4.0, can be accessed with any web browser. In addition to individual indexes for each book, there is a master index for the entire library. With this CD Bookshelf, programmers get a complete Perl library they can easily carry anywhere.

If you have a Perl programming question, you'll find the answer quickly in this handy, easy-to-use quick reference. The Perl Pocket Reference condenses and organizes stacks of documentation down to the most essential facts, so you can find what you need in a heartbeat. Updated for Perl 5.14, the 5th edition provides a summary of Perl syntax rules and a complete list of operators, built-in functions, and other features. It's the perfect companion to O'Reilly's authoritative and in-depth Perl programming books, including Learning Perl , Programming Perl , and the Perl Cookbook.

Discover what's new in C# and .NET for Windows programming. This book is a condensed code and syntax reference to the C# programming language, updated with the latest features of version 10 for .NET 6. You'll review the essential C# 10 and earlier syntax, not previously covered, in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. Specifically, unions, generic attributes, CallerArgumentExpression, params span, Records, Init only setters, Top-level statements, Pattern matching enhancements, Native sized integers, Function pointers and more. You'll find a concise reference to the C# language syntax: short, simple, and focused code examples; a well laid out table of contents; and a comprehensive index allowing easy review. You won’t find any technical jargon, bloated samples, drawn-out history lessons, or witty stories. What you will find is a language reference that is to the point and highly accessible. The book is a must-have for any C# programmer. What You Will Learn Employ nullable reference types Work with ranges and indices Apply recursive patterns to your applications Use switch expressions Who This Book Is For Those with some experience in programming, looking for a quick, handy reference. Some C# or .NET recommended but not necessary.

This quick Julia programming language guide is a condensed code and syntax reference to the Julia 1.x programming language, updated with the latest features of the Julia APIs, libraries, and packages. It presents the essential Julia syntax in a well-organized format that can be used as a handy reference. This book provides an introduction that reveals basic Julia structures and syntax; discusses data types, control flow, functions, input/output, exceptions, metaprogramming, performance, and more. Additionally, you'll learn to interface Julia with other programming languages such as R for statistics or Python. You will learn how to use Julia packages for data analysis, numerical optimization and symbolic computation, and how to disseminate your results in dynamic documents or interactive web pages. In this book, the focus is on providing important information as quickly as possible. It is packed with useful information and is a must-have for any Julia programmer.**What You Will Learn** * Set up the software needed to run Julia and your first Hello World example * Work with types and the different containers that Julia makes available for rapid application development * Use vectorized, classical loop-based code, logical operators, and blocks * Explore Julia functions by looking at arguments, return values, polymorphism, parameters, anonymous functions, and broadcasts * Build custom structures in Julia * Interface Julia with other languages such as C/C++, Python, and R * Program a richer API, modifying the code before it is executed using expressions, symbols, macros, quote blocks, and more * Maximize your code’s performance **Who This Book Is For**Experienced programmers new to Julia, as well as existing Julia coders new to the now stable Julia version 1.0 release.

"No matter what your background, the pages that follow will provide you with some excellent knowledge, insight, and even a little bit of wisdom in the realm of Flash and ActionScript. Happy learning!" -- Branden Hall, from the Foreword Written by Flash insiders with extensive knowledge of the technology, this guide is designed specifically to help Flash designers and developers make the leap from ActionScript 2.0 to the new object-oriented ActionScript 3.0 quickly and painlessly. Formatted so you can find any topic easily, ActionScript 3.0 Quick Reference Guide explains: Object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, such as packages and classes ActionScript 3.0 features and player enhancements that improve performance Workflow differences between ActionScript 2.0 and ActionScript 3.0 including tools, code editing, component sets, and image and font rendering Where did it go? A guide to help you find familiar features in ActionScript 3.0, such as global functions, operators, properties, and statements How do I? Step-by-step solutions for performing tasks with ActionScript 3.0, including input, sound, video, display, events, text, and more Also included are overviews of Flash and ActionScript features and workflows. ActionScript 3.0 is a huge upgrade to Flash's programming language -- and this guide helps you upgrade your skills to match it.