This book is clearly structured into easy ascending steps. It starts with basic principles of physiology and then goes on to discuss topics such as hypoxia, the A-a gradient, respiratory failure, types of respiratory acidoses and their compensation. Concise and easy to follow chapters examine complex disorders of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis with examples and case reports to stimulate thoughts of the readers. Pearls of clinical wisdom are spread throughout each chapter of the book.    Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation in Clinical Practice is intended for all trainees and clinicians in emergency medicine, acute medicine, intensivism, respiratory medicine, nephrology, cardiology, anaesthesia, paediatrics, internal medicine, general medicine and endocrinology. It is particularly useful to medical students and nurses working in the specialties above. Physiologists and physiotherapists working in ventilator support, will also be highly benefitted with this title.

This is an open access book. It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks. The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management. The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.

This book is a thorough, practical review of the challenges facing clinicians treating skin microbes and how to combat these therapeutic dilemmas. It expresses the critical public health concern of antimicrobial resistance and shows how microorganisms are developing the ability to halt the progress of antimicrobials like antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals.   Chapters are grouped together in five sections for ease of use. The first three sections of the book convey foundational information on the mechanisms of antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals resistance, as well as the  implications of lack of vaccination. The fourth section then turns to the specifics of drug resistance for protozoan and helminth infections focusing primarily on initial and subsequent resistance to treatment.  The book closes with a discussion on the potential solutions of innovative therapy including new delivery mechanisms, broad-spectrum antibiotics, phytocompounds, and biofilms. Chapters feature magnified, microscopic photos for identifying structures as they appear on the skin.   Part of the Updates in Clinical Dermatology series, Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance of the Skin is an important resource relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic, and is written for all medical healthcare professionals.

This book provides an interdisciplinary lens for exploring, assessing, and coming to new understandings of smart cities and regions, focusing on the six dimensions of sensing, awareness, learning, openness, innovation, and disruption. Using a hybrid case study and correlational approach, people from diverse sectors in a variety of small to medium to large-sized cities in multiple countries (e.g., Canada, United States, Ireland, Greece, Israel, etc.) provide experience-based perspectives on smart cities together with assessments for elements pertaining to each of the six dimensions. The analysis of findings in this work surfaces a rich and interwoven tapestry of patterns from the qualitative data highlighting for example, the importance of emotion/affect, privacy, trust, and data visualizations in influencing and informing the directions of smart cities and regions going forward. Correlational analysis of quantitative data reveals the presence and strength of emerging relationships among elements assessed, shedding light on factors that may serve as starting points for understanding what is contributing to potentials for improving success in smart cities and regions.

Pediatric firearm injuries are a significant public and medical community issue. Clinicians are on the front line caring for children, adolescents, and their families after a firearm injury or death. They also represent the best hopes for preventing firearm injuries to children and adolescents in the future. In circumstances of injury and violence they provide medical, mental health, and rehabilitative care. They also provide anticipatory guidance to prevent firearm injuries and deaths and should have a strong voice in the local, state and national discussions about firearm policies for injury prevention.   This book provides an overview of the epidemiology and risk factors for firearm injuries in children and adolescents. It will serve as a practical clinical guide for firearm injury prevention at the individual, state and national levels. The beginning of the book focuses on the epidemiology of firearm injuries, primarily centered in the United States, but also including an international perspective. It addresses the role of firearms in suicide, homicide, and domestic violence, and examines mass shootings as well. The second half of the book focuses on preventive measures for firearm injuries including primary care and hospital-based interventions, community interventions, and state and federal legislation.  It concludes with a background on the history of firearm research in the United States and future directions for decreasing firearm injuries. The book’s overall focus is on public policy and the role of clinicians and public health advocates, while simultaneously offering practical tools and information about the clinician’s role in intervention.   Written by experts in the field, Pediatric Firearm Injuries and Fatalities is an ideal resource for pediatric, adolescent medicine, emergency medicine, primary care and family medicine clinicians. At the same time, it appeals to all clinicians and public health advocates wishing to develop a better understanding of pediatric firearm injuries and a path forward to decreasing them.

This book deepens the understanding of people through smartphone data obtained via mobile sensing and applies psychological insights for social networking applications. The author first introduces TYDR, an application for researching smartphone data and user personality. A novel, structured privacy model for mobile sensing applications is developed and the obtained empirical results help researchers gauge what data they can expect users to share in daily-life studies. The new research findings, the concept of mobile sensing, and psychological insights about the formation and structure of real-life social networks are integrated into the field of social networking. Finally, for this novel integration, the author presents concepts, decentralized software architectures, and fully realized prototypes that recommend new contacts, media, and locations to individual users and groups of users.A useful primer for students of Medical Informatics.

This is an open access book. It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks. The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management. The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.

"This book presents an integrated jurisprudential critique of neoclassical microeconomic theory. It explains what is 'really wrong' with the theory both descriptively, as well as normatively. The criticism presented is based on questions of jurisprudence, and on neoclassical theory's sins of omission and commission concerning the underlying system of property and contract. On the positive side - while the presentation is almost entirely non-mathematical - the book contains the first mathematical treatment of the fundamental theorem about property and contract in jurisprudence that underlies a market economy. The book follows the tradition of John Stuart Mill as the last major political economist who considered the study of property rights as an integral part of economic theory. The conceptual criticisms presented in this book focus on the descriptive and normative misconceptions about property and contracts that are deeply embedded ideology in neoclassical economics, not to mention in the broader society. The book recognizes that the idealized microeconomic theory is not descriptive of reality and focuses its criticism on conceptual mistakes in the theory, which are even clearer due to the idealized nature of the theory. Therefore, the book is a must-read for scholars, researchers, and students interested in a better understanding of jurisprudence in economics, neoclassical microeconomic theory, and political economy in general."--Back cover

Pediatric firearm injuries are a significant public and medical community issue. Clinicians are on the front line caring for children, adolescents, and their families after a firearm injury or death. They also represent the best hopes for preventing firearm injuries to children and adolescents in the future. In circumstances of injury and violence they provide medical, mental health, and rehabilitative care. They also provide anticipatory guidance to prevent firearm injuries and deaths and should have a strong voice in the local, state and national discussions about firearm policies for injury prevention.   This book provides an overview of the epidemiology and risk factors for firearm injuries in children and adolescents. It will serve as a practical clinical guide for firearm injury prevention at the individual, state and national levels. The beginning of the book focuses on the epidemiology of firearm injuries, primarily centered in the United States, but also including an international perspective. It addresses the role of firearms in suicide, homicide, and domestic violence, and examines mass shootings as well. The second half of the book focuses on preventive measures for firearm injuries including primary care and hospital-based interventions, community interventions, and state and federal legislation.  It concludes with a background on the history of firearm research in the United States and future directions for decreasing firearm injuries. The book’s overall focus is on public policy and the role of clinicians and public health advocates, while simultaneously offering practical tools and information about the clinician’s role in intervention.   Written by experts in the field, Pediatric Firearm Injuries and Fatalities is an ideal resource for pediatric, adolescent medicine, emergency medicine, primary care and family medicine clinicians. At the same time, it appeals to all clinicians and public health advocates wishing to develop a better understanding of pediatric firearm injuries and a path forward to decreasing them.

How does the moving, dancing body engage with the materials, textures, atmospheres, and affects of the sites through which we move and in which we live, work and play? How might embodied movement practice explore some of these relations and bring us closer to the complexities of sites and lived environments? This book brings together perspectives from site dance, phenomenology, and new materialism to explore and develop how 'site-based body practice' can be employed to explore synergies between material bodies and material sites. Employing practice-as-research strategies, scores, tasks and exercises the book presents a number of suggestions for engaging with sites through the moving body and offers critical reflection on the potential enmeshments and entanglements that emerge as a result. The theoretical discussions and practical explorations presented will appeal to researchers, movement practitioners, artists, academics and individuals interested in exploring their lived environments through the moving body and the entangled human-nonhuman relations that emerge as a result. -- Provided by publisher

The contributions contained in the volume, written by leading experts in their respective fields, are expanded versions of talks given at the INDAM Workshop "Anomalies in Partial Differential Equations" held in September 2019 at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica, Dipartimento di Matematica "Guido Castelnuovo", Università di Roma "La Sapienza". The volume contains results for well-posedness and local solvability for linear models with low regular coefficients. Moreover, nonlinear dispersive models (damped waves, p-evolution models) are discussed from the point of view of critical exponents, blow-up phenomena or decay estimates for Sobolev solutions. Some contributions are devoted to models from applications as traffic flows, Einstein-Euler systems or stochastic PDEs as well. Finally, several contributions from Harmonic and Time-Frequency Analysis, in which the authors are interested in the action of localizing operators or the description of wave front sets, complete the volume.

This book deepens the understanding of people through smartphone data obtained via mobile sensing and applies psychological insights for social networking applications. The author first introduces TYDR, an application for researching smartphone data and user personality. A novel, structured privacy model for mobile sensing applications is developed and the obtained empirical results help researchers gauge what data they can expect users to share in daily-life studies. The new research findings, the concept of mobile sensing, and psychological insights about the formation and structure of real-life social networks are integrated into the field of social networking. Finally, for this novel integration, the author presents concepts, decentralized software architectures, and fully realized prototypes that recommend new contacts, media, and locations to individual users and groups of users. Erscheinungsdatum: 24.04.2021

"This book presents an integrated jurisprudential critique of neoclassical microeconomic theory. It explains what is 'really wrong' with the theory both descriptively, as well as normatively. The criticism presented is based on questions of jurisprudence, and on neoclassical theory's sins of omission and commission concerning the underlying system of property and contract. On the positive side - while the presentation is almost entirely non-mathematical - the book contains the first mathematical treatment of the fundamental theorem about property and contract in jurisprudence that underlies a market economy. The book follows the tradition of John Stuart Mill as the last major political economist who considered the study of property rights as an integral part of economic theory. The conceptual criticisms presented in this book focus on the descriptive and normative misconceptions about property and contracts that are deeply embedded ideology in neoclassical economics, not to mention in the broader society. The book recognizes that the idealized microeconomic theory is not descriptive of reality and focuses its criticism on conceptual mistakes in the theory, which are even clearer due to the idealized nature of the theory. Therefore, the book is a must-read for scholars, researchers, and students interested in a better understanding of jurisprudence in economics, neoclassical microeconomic theory, and political economy in general."--Back cover

“This stimulating collection tackles the question that is uppermost in most of humanity's minds and hearts right now. The novel debating approach that is taken generates a rich understanding of the range of ways in which bad leadership is created, manifested and most importantly, remedied.” - Professor **Brad Jackson**, Waikato Management School, The University of Waikato, New Zealand “In the midst of a world full of incompetent and incoherent leaders this book is exactly what we need: a veritable cornucopia of critical leadership studies.” - **Keith Grint**, Professor Emeritus, Warwick Business School, UK “While we like to have leaders who guide, looking at the present state of the world, there are far too many leaders who misguide. It makes this anthology on bad leadership more than timely. The various contributors, taking many different perspectives, highlight the ways leaders can go astray. In these very difficult times, this book will be a must read for anybody interested in this subject.” - **Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries,** Clinical Professor of Leadership “__Debating Bad Leadership,__ edited by AndersÖrtenblad,is a book for __this__ time! The rise of populism and the emergence of so-called ‘strong’ leaders in many countries have created a social, political, and economic climate that begs for closer examination of the origins, characteristics, and forms of, especially, bad leadership. Taking as its starting-point the question of why there are so many bad leaders in the corporate world, the impressive collection of chapters compiled in __Debating Bad Leadership__ canvasses a comprehensive array of issues ranging from toxic, psychopathic, leadership and ethical failure to issues of poor selection, ill-considered recruitment, leader (in)competence, conflicted or weak followership, to the very concept of leadership itself. In debating these fundamental issues, this book illuminates and educates, and offers some remedies, both theoretically and practically. __Debating Bad Leadership__ challenges scholars, students and practitioners of leadership to continue this fundamental discussion, for the benefit of us all.” - **Gabriele Lakomski** Professor Emeritus, Melbourne Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne, Australia. In this book, leadership experts explore why there are so many bad leaders, and suggest remedies for how the current situation could be improved. Some of the experts suggest that reasons for why bad leaders are so common are searched for in people: more specifically leaders-to-become, acting leaders or followers. Others suggest that reasons are to be found in the leadership role (or expectations on those having such role), in the lack of support for leaders, or in beliefs about leadership. On the backdrop of their suggested explanations as to why there are so many bad leaders, the experts suggest remedies that could be taken to decrease the number of bad leaders as well as their negative impact. The very presumption that this book rests upon also gets its fair share of critique, by some of the experts. **Anders Örtenblad** is Professor of Working Life Science at the University of Agder, Norway. He is the editing founder of the book series __Palgrave Debates in Business and Management__.

This book presents state-of-the-art research on artificial intelligence and blockchain for future cybersecurity applications. The accepted book chapters covered many themes, including artificial intelligence and blockchain challenges, models and applications, cyber threats and intrusions analysis and detection, and many other applications for smart cyber ecosystems. It aspires to provide a relevant reference for students, researchers, engineers, and professionals working in this particular area or those interested in grasping its diverse facets and exploring the latest advances on artificial intelligence and blockchain for future cybersecurity applications.

This book covers all basic topics of reaction kinetics, thus students do not need to refer to other resources to prepare for an undergraduate exam. It leads the reader into the topic starting from molecular level concepts and working towards the more macroscopic descriptions of kinetics, introducing the subject according to the state-of-the-art 21st century chemistry. A thorough treatment of formal kinetics of both elementary and complex reactions is based on actual practice, omitting many obsolete treatments of the subject. Mathematical operations are explained in enough detail so that even students that are less trained in calculus can easily follow and understand. Data treatment and statistical inference include modern  - mostly numerical  - methods widely used in applications. Experimental methods are described using basic technical details, however as techniques quickly change sophisticated devices are not the focus of this book. The emphasis lies on providing the basic concepts which are important for students to understand.  This book is suitable as essential reading for courses in bachelor and master chemistry programs and is also valuable as a reference or textbook for students of physics, biochemistry and environmental science.

This book presents the characteristics and benefits industrial organizations can reap from the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). These characteristics and benefits include enhanced competitiveness, increased proactive decision-making, improved creativity and innovation, augmented job creation, heightened agility to respond to continuously changing challenges, and intensified data-driven decision making. In a straightforward fashion, the book also helps readers understand complex concepts that are core to IIoT enterprises, such as Big Data, analytic architecture platforms, machine learning (ML) and data science algorithms, and the power of visualization to enrich the domains experts’ decision making. The book also guides the reader on how to think about ways to define new business paradigms that the IIoT facilitates, as well how to increase the probability of success in managing analytic projects that are the core engine of decision-making in the IIoT enterprise.     The book starts by defining an IIoT enterprise and the framework used to efficiently operate. A description of the concepts of industrial analytics, which is a major engine for decision making in the IIoT enterprise, is provided. It then discusses how data and machine learning (ML) play an important role in increasing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises that operate using the IIoT technology and business concepts. Real world examples of data driven IIoT enterprises and various business models are presented and a discussion on how the use of ML and data science help address complex decision-making problems and generate new job opportunities. The book presents in an easy-to-understand manner how ML algorithms work and operate on data generated in the IIoT enterprise.  Useful for any industry professional interested in advanced industrial software applications, including business managers and professionals interested in how data analytics can help industries and to develop innovative business solutions, as well as data and computer scientists who wish to bridge the analytics and computer science fields with the industrial world, and project managers interested in managing advanced analytic projects.

The monograph aims to present the recent scientific knowledge on body sensations, i.e., conscious experiences that are localized or felt in the body from an internal perspective, regardless of their sensory origin. It summarizes the basic philosophical, evolutionary, neuroanatomical, psychological, and pathological aspects of the topic. Moreover, related phenomena, such as emotions, the placebo and nocebo effect, complementary and alternative medicine, and mind-body practices are discussed from the perspective of body sensations.

This book examines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, its varied uses, as well as its limitations for solving real-world scenarios. While the simplicity of the method compels users to find shortcuts to a real-world problem, it also leads to obtaining wrong results that do not represent reality. By alerting practitioners about the core necessities of a new scenario, this book helps solve this problem, as well as contribute to the field of Multicriteria Decision Making Method (MDCM).  The authors use a demonstrative, rather than a theoretical approach, and examine 30 subjects that displays the shortcomings and drawbacks of the AHP. Each one is examined in-depth, discussed, debated and reasoned, using examples, some of them numeric. The book highlights the rationality and common sense of the subjects, and in most cases, validates the criticism by showing through numerical examples, the impossibility of the AHP method to address, let alone solve real-world projects. At the conclusion of each subject, a table is built comparing the similarities and differences between the opinions of the authors and other experts, along with the respective pros and cons.

This book shows how a conventional multi-layered approach can be used to control a snake robot on a desired path while moving on a flat surface. To achieve robustness to unknown variations in surface conditions, it explores various adaptive robust control methods. The authors propose a sliding-mode control approach designed to achieve robust maneuvering for bounded uncertainty with a known upper bound. The control is modified by addition of an adaptation law to alleviate the overestimation problem of the switching gain as well as to circumvent the requirement for knowledge regarding the bounds of uncertainty. The book works toward non-conservativeness, achieving efficient tracking in the presence of slowly varying uncertainties with a specially designed framework for time-delayed control. It shows readers how to extract superior performance from their snake robots with an approach that allows robustness toward bounded time-delayed estimation errors. The book also demonstrates how the multi-layered control framework can be simplified by employing differential flatness for such a system. Finally, the mathematical model of a snake robot moving inside a uniform channel using only side-wall contact is discussed. The model has further been employed to demonstrate adaptive robust control design for such a motion. Using numerous illustrations and tables, Adaptive Robust Control for Planar Snake Robots will interest researchers, practicing engineers and postgraduate students working in the field of robotics and control systems.

This book is the first to introduce applied behavioral, social, and health sciences researchers to a new analytic method, the time-varying effect model (TVEM). It details how TVEM may be used to advance research on developmental and dynamic processes by examining how associations between variables change across time. The book describes how TVEM is a direct and intuitive extension of standard linear regression; whereas standard linear regression coefficients are static estimates that do not change with time, TVEM coefficients are allowed to change as continuous functions of real time, including developmental age, historical time, time of day, days since an event, and so forth. The book introduces readers to new research questions that can be addressed by applying TVEM in their research. Readers gain the practical skills necessary for specifying a wide variety of time-varying effect models, including those with continuous, binary, and count outcomes. The book presents technical details of TVEM estimation and three novel empirical studies focused on developmental questions using TVEM to estimate age-varying effects, historical shifts in behavior and attitudes, and real-time changes across days relative to an event. The volume provides a walkthrough of the process for conducting each of these studies, presenting decisions that were made, and offering sufficient detail so that readers may embark on similar studies in their own research. The book concludes with comments about additional uses of TVEM in applied research as well as software considerations and future directions. Throughout the book, proper interpretation of the output provided by TVEM is emphasized. Time-Varying Effect Modeling for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians/practitioners as well as graduate students in developmental psychology, public health, statistics and methodology for the social, behavioral, developmental, and public health sciences.

This brief provides a thorough overview of the history and underlying motivations for consumer panic buying, evaluating psychological perspectives on this behavior on both an individual and societal level. The first volume of its kind to focus specifically on the topic of panic buying, the book situates its analysis within the context of the modern COVID-19 pandemic as well as in a broader psychology context. Chapters encompass a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, incorporating insights from consumer psychology, marketing, sociology, and public health. Finally, contributors discuss the long-term implications of panic buying and potential prevention strategies. Panic Buying: Perspectives and Prevention will be a useful reference for researchers and students in consumer psychology, as well as those interested emergency preparedness, and supply chain management. First volume of its kind to focus specifically on the consumer behavior of panic buying Analyzes panic buying behavior in the context of the modern COVID-19 pandemic as well as within a broader psychology context Provides a multidisciplinary analysis of panic buying, including perspectives from consumer psychology, social psychology, marketing, emergency preparedness, and public health.

This book serves as an accelerated learning tool for students of Additive Manufacturing. The author presents key aspects of the subject in the form of questions and answers, so learners in a variety of contexts can find answers quickly to their specific question.  Solutions to a variety of current, challenging problems are presented, clarified with examples, illustrations and copious references for more thorough investigation of the specific topic. Offers a unique, accelerated learning tool for students of Additive Manufacturing, presenting the subject in the form of questions and answers; Provides solutions to today’s challenging problems in additive manufacturing, using examples, illustrations and references; Includes coverage of various aspects of additive manufacturing, such as materials, design, applications, post-process and digital manufacturing.

This book is based on a series of lectures for an Astrophysics of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) master’s degree in Astrophysics and Cosmology at Padova University. From the cold molecular phase in which stars and planetary systems form, to the very hot coronal gas that surrounds galaxies and galaxy clusters, the ISM is everywhere. Studying its properties is vital for the exploration of virtually any field in astronomy and cosmology. These notes give the student a coherent and accurate mathematical and physical approach, with continuous references to the real ISM in galaxies. The book is divided into three parts. Part One introduces the equations of fluid dynamics for a system at rest and acoustic waves, and then explores the real ISM through the role of thermal conduction and viscosity, concluding with a discussion of shock waves and turbulence. In Part Two, the electromagnetic field is switched on and its role in modulating shock waves and contrasting gravity is studied. Part Three describes dust and its properties, followed by the main stellar sources of energy. The last two chapters respectively address the various components of the ISM and molecular clouds and star formation. Erscheinungsdatum: 23.06.2021

This book explains how the achievements of the Space Shuttle, the world’s first reusable manned spacecraft, were built on the foundation of countless technical challenges. Through thick and thin, the Space Shuttle remained the centerpiece of the American human spaceflight program for three decades. In addition to deploying satellites, planetary probes and, of course, the Hubble Space Telescope, it delivered astronauts to the Mir space station and assembled and sustained the International Space Station. Yet the path to these incredible achievements was never an easy one, with some obstacles resulting in the loss of life and other major consequences that plagued the fleet throughout its operational career. The book adopts a challenge-by-challenge approach, focusing on specific difficulties and how (if at all) they were fully overcome. Going beyond the technical issues, it relates the human stories of each incident and how changes were effected in order to make the shuttle an exceptionally safer – though still experimental – flying machine.

This book offers the first international look at how script development is theorised and practiced. Drawing on interviews, case studies, discourse analysis, creative practices and industry experiences, it brings together scholars and practitioners from around the world to offer critical insights into this core, but often hidden, aspect of screenwriting and screen production. Chapters speculate and reflect upon how creative, commercial and social practices – in which ideas, emotions, people and personalities combine, cohere and clash – are shaped by the practicalities, policies and rapid movements of the screen industry. Comprising two parts, the book first looks ‘into’ script development from a theoretical perspective, and second looks ‘out from’ the practice to form practitioner-led perspectives of script development. With a rising interest in screenwriting and production studies, and an increased appetite for practice-based research, the book offers a timely mapping of the terrain of script development, providing rich foundations for both study and practice.

This book paints a fresco of the field of extrapolation and rational approximation over the last several centuries to the present through the works of their primary contributors. It can serve as an introduction to the topics covered, including extrapolation methods, Padé approximation, orthogonal polynomials, continued fractions, Lanczos-type methods, etc.; it also provides in depth discussion of the many links between these subjects. A highlight of this book is the presentation of the human side of the fields discussed via personal testimonies from contemporary researchers, their anecdotes, and their exclusive remembrances of some of the "actors." This book shows how research in this domain started and evolved. Biographies of other scholars encountered have also been included. An important branch of mathematics is described in its historical context, opening the way to new developments. After a mathematical introduction, the book contains a precise description of the mathematical landscape of these fields spanning from the 19th century to the first part of the 20th. After an analysis of the works produced after that period (in particular those of Richardson, Aitken, Shanks, Wynn, and others), the most recent developments and applications are reviewed. Claude Brezinski is professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Lille (France), where he has been head of the Laboratory of Numerical Analysis and Optimization for 30 years. He was the advisor of 60 doctoral students. Prof. Brezinski is founder and Editor-in-Chief of the Numerical Algorithms journal and author of over 240 papers and several books. Michela Redivo-Zaglia is professor of numerical analysis at the University of Padua (Italy). She has been vice-director of the Department of Mathematics for three years. She is a member of the Editorial Board of several journals. She published software packages, 7 scientific and didactic books, and about 80 papers. She was the organizer of many international congresses, and an invited speaker at several ones

How does the moving, dancing body engage with the materials, textures, atmospheres, and affects of the sites through which we move and in which we live, work and play? How might embodied movement practice explore some of these relations and bring us closer to the complexities of sites and lived environments? This book brings together perspectives from site dance, phenomenology, and new materialism to explore and develop how ‘site-based body practice’ can be employed to explore synergies between material bodies and material sites. Employing practice-as-research strategies, scores, tasks and exercises the book presents a number of suggestions for engaging with sites through the moving body and offers critical reflection on the potential enmeshments and entanglements that emerge as a result. The theoretical discussions and practical explorations presented will appeal to researchers, movement practitioners, artists, academics and individuals interested in exploring their lived environments through the moving body and the entangled human-nonhuman relations that emerge as a result.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers that, if combined, represent one of the most common cancer types. Patients with HNC suffer significant morbidity and mortality due to the importance of the structures involved. Over two-thirds of these patients are diagnosed at a late stage, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, advancements in early detection and treatment of HNC are crucial. This second volume provides an up-to-date overview of the theoretical background in the field of head and neck cancer (HNC) as well as of the emerging research that is impacting our understanding of this disease. The book begins with a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and staging of HNC. Next, it covers the essentials of potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity, an important variety of HNC. Subsequently, it covers the newly emerging research in the field of HNC. The overall goal is to shift towards precision medicine (discussed in detail in Volume I), which will bring individualized clinical benefit to patients with HNC. This second volume of Early Detection and Treatment of Head & Neck Cancers concludes with the topic of chronic pain associated with HNC, including both the mechanisms of pain and the management strategies, and the emerging oral mucoadhesive drug delivery approach for HNC. All HNC surgeons, scientists, residents, and individuals whose lives have been touched by this disease, will recognize the impact pain has upon a patient's health and his or her recovery trajectory.

This book covers all basic topics of reaction kinetics, thus students do not need to refer to other resources to prepare for an undergraduate exam. It leads the reader into the topic starting from molecular level concepts and working towards the more macroscopic descriptions of kinetics, introducing the subject according to the state-of-the-art 21st century chemistry. A thorough treatment of formal kinetics of both elementary and complex reactions is based on actual practice, omitting many obsolete treatments of the subject. Mathematical operations are explained in enough detail so that even students that are less trained in calculus can easily follow and understand. Data treatment and statistical inference include modern  - mostly numerical  - methods widely used in applications. Experimental methods are described using basic technical details, however as techniques quickly change sophisticated devices are not the focus of this book. The emphasis lies on providing the basic concepts which are important for students to understand.  This book is suitable as essential reading for courses in bachelor and master chemistry programs and is also valuable as a reference or textbook for students of physics, biochemistry and environmental science.

Artificial intelligent systems, which offer great improvement in healthcare sector assisted by machine learning, wireless communications, data analytics, cognitive computing, and mobile computing provide more intelligent and convenient solutions and services. With the help of the advanced techniques, now a days it is possible to understand human body and to handle & process the health data anytime and anywhere. It is a smart healthcare system which includes patient, hospital management, doctors, monitoring, diagnosis, decision making modules, disease prevention to meet the challenges and problems arises in healthcare industry. Furthermore, the advanced healthcare systems need to upgrade with new capabilities to provide human with more intelligent and professional healthcare services to further improve the quality of service and user experience.  To explore recent advances and disseminate state-of-the-art techniques related to intelligent healthcare services and applications. This edited book involved in designing systems that will permit the societal acceptance of ambient intelligence including signal processing, imaging, computing, instrumentation, artificial intelligence, internet of health things, data analytics, disease detection, telemedicine, and their applications. As the book includes recent trends in research issues and applications, the contents will be beneficial to Professors, researchers, and engineers.  This book will provide support and aid to the researchers involved in designing latest advancements in communication and intelligent systems that will permit the societal acceptance of ambient intelligence. This book presents the latest research being conducted on diverse topics in intelligence technologies with the goal of advancing knowledge and applications healthcare sector and to present the latest snapshot of the ongoing research as well as to shed further light on future directions in this space. The aim of publishing the book is to serve for educators, researchers, and developers working in recent advances and upcoming technologies utilizing computational sciences.

This book is based on a series of lectures for an Astrophysics of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) master’s degree in Astrophysics and Cosmology at Padova University. From the cold molecular phase in which stars and planetary systems form, to the very hot coronal gas that surrounds galaxies and galaxy clusters, the ISM is everywhere. Studying its properties is vital for the exploration of virtually any field in astronomy and cosmology. These notes give the student a coherent and accurate mathematical and physical approach, with continuous references to the real ISM in galaxies. The book is divided into three parts. Part One introduces the equations of fluid dynamics for a system at rest and acoustic waves, and then explores the real ISM through the role of thermal conduction and viscosity, concluding with a discussion of shock waves and turbulence. In Part Two, the electromagnetic field is switched on and its role in modulating shock waves and contrasting gravity is studied. Part Three describes dust and its properties, followed by the main stellar sources of energy. The last two chapters respectively address the various components of the ISM and molecular clouds and star formation. Erscheinungsdatum: 23.06.2021

The Palgrave Handbook of Toleration aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of toleration as the foundational idea associated with engagement with diversity. This handbook is intended to provide an authoritative exposition of contemporary accounts of toleration, the central justifications used to advance it, a presentation of the different concepts most commonly associated with it (e.g. respect, recognition) as well as the discussion of the many problems dominating the controversies on toleration at both the theoretical or practical level. The Palgrave Handbook of Toleration is aimed as a resource for a global scholarly audience looking for either a detailed presentation of major accounts of toleration, the most important conceptual issues associated with toleration and the many problems dividing either scholars, policy-makers or practitioners.-- Provided by publisher

This book brings together leading academics and activists to address the possibilities for qualitative social change beyond neoliberalism, providing introductory essays on alternative societies, transition, and resistance. Bringing together discussions on universal basic income, actually existing communism, parecon, circular economies, workers co-operatives, ‘fully automated luxury communism,' trade unionism, and party politics, the volume provides one of the first scholarly interventions to systematically evaluate possibilities for transition and resistance across theoretical, political, and disciplinary traditions. Erscheinungsdatum: 12.12.2021

The monograph aims to present the recent scientific knowledge on body sensations, i.e., conscious experiences that are localized or felt in the body from an internal perspective, regardless of their sensory origin. It summarizes the basic philosophical, evolutionary, neuroanatomical, psychological, and pathological aspects of the topic. Moreover, related phenomena, such as emotions, the placebo and nocebo effect, complementary and alternative medicine, and mind-body practices are discussed from the perspective of body sensations.

Influenced by technological innovation, banks and their businesses are changing dramatically. This book explores the transformation and prospects of financial market institutions (banks, insurance companies, pension funds and microfinance organizations) in the context of the development of financial innovation, financial engineering and financial technologies, taking into account risks and new opportunities for development. It presents new approaches to the sustainable development of financial and credit institutions, taking into account the risk management and crisis management of their activities in the macro and microeconomic environment. Contributors from Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Ireland and Italy present their expert opinions on the practice of financial intermediaries in the conditions of economic transformation under the influence of the 4th Industrial Revolution and the Covid-19 pandemic. This book includes some of the key debates in this area including the genesis of financial markets in the paradigm of economic digitalization, the evolution of financial intermediaries from the classical model to the ecosystem, and the regulation of neo-banks. The book will be of interest to academics and practitioners in various spheres of theoretical and empirical knowledge, including economics, finance and banking, who are interested in investigation of the complex of fundamental (international and domestic) trends in the development of financial intermediation in the globalized financial markets. Galina Panova is Chair of the Department, "Banks, Monetary Circulation and Credit" of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia. She is also General Director of the Institute of Social-Economic and Investment Projects

This book addresses what I see as the most important issues in radiology. To be specifc, it takes a critical look at the day-to-day practice of radiology and teases out the important bits. Not always the popular or topical bits, but the nitty-gritty of what radiology is actually all about. These are the topics that radiologists know intuitively but actually rarely discuss. I explain why these topics are so important and should be discussed.It isn’t a textbook by any stretch of the imagination; there are plenty of those already. Nor is it a manifesto; I’m no politician. It isn’t just a critical look at the world of radiology but it gives considered guidance about how radiologists and others can not only survive but also thrive amidst the tricky modern medical world.

This volume presents new methods and applications in longitudinal data estimation methodology in applied economic. Featuring selected papers from the 2020 the International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE 2020) held virtually due to the corona virus pandemic, this book examines interdisciplinary topics such as financial economics, international economics, agricultural economics, marketing and management. Country specific case studies are also featured.

Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability globally, with about 65 million people suffering from COPD, and 334 million from asthma, the most common chronic disease. Each year, tens of millions of people develop and can die from from respiratory infections such as pneumonia and TB. Systemic inflammation may induce and exacerbate local inflammatory diseases in the lungs, and local inflammation can in turn cause systemic inflammation. There is increasing evidence of the coexistence of systemic and local inflammation in patients suffering from asthma, COPD, and other lung diseases, and the co-morbidity of two or more local inflammatory diseases often occurs. For example, rheumatoid arthritis frequently occurs together with, and promotes the development of, pulmonary hypertension. This co-morbidity significantly impacts quality of life, and can result in death for those affected. Current treatment options for lung disease are neither effective, nor condition-specific; there is a desperate need for novel therapeutics in the field. Additionally, the molecular and physiological significance of most major lung diseases is not well understood, which further impedes development of new treatments, especially in the case of coexistent lung diseases with other inflammatory diseases. Great progress has been made in recent years in many areas of the field, particularly in understanding the molecular geneses, regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways, and cellular processes within lung disease, as well as basic and clinical technology, drug discovery, diagnoses, treatment options, and predictive prognoses.  This is the first text to aggregate these developments. In two comprehensive volumes, experts from all over the world present state-of-the-art advances in the study of lung inflammation in health and disease. Contributing authors cover well-known as well as emerging topics in basic, translational, and clinical research, with the aim of providing researchers, clinicians, professionals, and students with new perspectives and concepts. The editors hope these books will also help to direct future research in lung disease and other inflammatory diseases, and result in the development of novel therapeutics.

This comprehensive Monograph examines all peripheral and central mechanisms of regulating the secretion of milk from the lactating breast. The author reviews the complete female breast development, starting with the early childhood, up to pregnancy and lactation. Structural and ultrastructural data on the alveolar-ductal system, together with details of breast innervation, are used to investigate the physiological process of lactation. Readers will appreciate the special focus on reflexes, both in the child and the mother, that help to regulate maternal milk production and secretion. Following this, the author sheds a light on the composition and dynamics of milk components during the different periods of lactation. The final section of this volume focusses on practical aspects of modern breastfeeding, like the use of breast pumps or galactogogues, to influence the productivity of milk production. These fundamental principles and structural details will be particularly useful for physiologists and clinicians working in gynecology and pediatrics.

This book explores the idea that mathematics educators and teachers are also problem solvers and learners, and as such they constantly experience mathematical and pedagogical disturbances. Accordingly, many original tasks and learning activities are results of personal mathematical and pedagogical disturbances of their designers, who then transpose these disturbances into learning opportunities for their students. This learning-transposition process is a cornerstone of mathematics teacher education as a lived, developing enterprise. Mathematical Encounters and Pedagogical Detours unfold the process and illustrate it by various examples. The book engages readers in original tasks, shares the results of task implementation and describes how these results inform the development of new tasks, which often intertwine mathematics and pedagogy. Most importantly, the book includes a dialogue between the authors based on the stories of their own learning, which triggers continuous exploration of learning opportunities for their students.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Blockchain and RPA Forum, held as part of the 19th International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM 2021, which took place during September 6-10, 2021, in Rome, Italy. The Blockchain Forum and the RPA Forum have in common that they are centered around an emerging and exciting technology. The blockchain is a sophisticated distributed ledger technology, while RPA software allows for mimicking human, repetitive actions. Each of these have the potential to fundamentally change how business processes are being orchestrated and executed in practice. The 8 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 14 submissions.

Preface 7 References 10 Acknowledgments 11 Contents 12 About the Authors 15 Chapter 1: The Landscape for Women in the Sciences: Persistence Amidst Societal and Institutional Barriers 17 No Place for Women Scientists 17 Women’s Rights Legislation in the USA 18 Legislation Affecting Women in the USA 18 History of Women in the Sciences 19 The Matilda Effect 20 Some Examples of the Matilda Effect and Pioneers in the STEM Fields 20 Hidden Figures: African American Women Scientists 22 Identifying Latina Scientists: Even More Hidden 22 Shining the Light on Women Scientists 23 Women’s Career Development in STEM and the Male-Centric Challenges 24 Career Development Processes for Women of Color 24 Career Development for Women in STEM 25 Social Cognitive Career Theory 26 Professional Associations for Women Scientists 26 The STEM Pipeline 27 STEM Academies and Federally Funded Program for Women 29 Summary 30 References 30 Chapter 2: Feminist Psychology and Sociocultural Precipitants to Women’s Leadership 33 The Emergence of Feminism and Feminist Psychology 33 First-Wave Feminists 33 A French Feminist-Bridging First- and Second-Wave Feminists 34 Second-Wave Feminism 34 Third-Wave Feminists 35 Black Feminists 36 Feminist Psychology and the Psychology of Women 37 Psychology of Women 38 Different Perspectives on the Psychology of Women’s Development 39 Theories and Perspectives on Women’s Psychological Development 39 The Psychology of Women of Color 41 Standpoint Theory 42 Women’s Multiple and Intersecting Identities 43 Women’s Dimensions of Personal, Intersecting Identities 44 Adverse Identity Self-Perceptions 46 Leadership by Women Through Feminist Perspectives and Experiences 48 Emotional Intelligence and Resonant Leadership 49 Summary 51 References 51 Chapter 3: Organizational Culture and Climate: Historic Systemic Barriers for Women 56 Introduction 56 Cultural Variations Across Organizations 57 Situating Women in the Workplace 58 Women in the World of Work: 2021 59 2021 Roles and Identity Congruence 60 Academic Culture and Climate 61 Concepts and Theories Relevant for Academic Culture 62 The Chilly Climate in Higher Education 63 Organizational Theories and Their Application in Contemporary Institutions 64 Multicultural Organizational Development 65 Structural and Systemic Dynamics and Practices Adversely Affecting Women 66 Sexual Misconduct and Harassment in Higher Education 68 The Persistence of Sexual Misconduct 69 Sexual Harassment in the Sciences 70 The Double Bind for Women of Color 71 STEM Women in the Academy: Opportunities and the Labyrinth 72 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Workplace 72 References 73 Chapter 4: Qualitative Methodology: Thematic Analysis 77 Feminist Methodology 77 Procedure 78 Participants 79 Analysis 79 References 82 Chapter 5: “Because You Can’t Do It on Your Own”: The Role of Support 83 Mentorship 83 Support Outside of Academia 86 Parenthood Challenge: Support for the Work/Life Balance 87 References 89 Chapter 6: “Providing That Safe Place”: Attributes of an Unhealthy vs. Healthy Work Environment 90 Unhealthy Work Environments 90 Healthy Environments 92 References 94 Chapter 7: “Be Strong!” The Role of Self-Advocacy 95 Self-Advocacy as a Personal Quality 95 Self-Advocacy in Career Decisions 96 Self-Advocacy in Seeking Support 97 Chapter 8: Navigating “Mars”: Resisting Structural Barriers in Academia 99 The Academic Environment as “Old Guard” 99 Hiring and Tenure Process 102 The Work of Science 103 Chapter 9: Discussion of Findings 106 Limitations 111 Summary and Conclusions 111 References 112 Chapter 10: Recommendations and Commitments for Retaining STEM Women in the Academy 114 Addressing Culture and Climate Issues in the Academy 114 Policies for Hiring and Promotion and Tenure 116 Recommendations from Participants 118 Health and Mental Health in the Academy 120 STEM Diversity Initiatives and Resources 120 Recommendations for Psychologists 121 Closing Thoughts 123 References 123 Index 126

Acknowledgments Contents Contributors Part I: General Concepts in Sports Medicine 1: An Overview of Sports Medicine References 2: Advances in Sports Medicine Sports Ultrasound Introduction Cardiac Evaluation Thoracic and Abdominal Evaluation Ocular Evaluation Vocal Cord Evaluation Bone Evaluation Novel Ultrasound Technologies Orthobiologics Introduction Prolotherapy Platelet-Rich Plasma Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conclusion Technological Applications for the Athlete Introduction Motion Capture Wearable Devices Conclusion References 3: Exercise Prescription Introduction Physical Activity and Exercise Physical Activity Recommendations Aerobic Exercise Resistance Exercise Flexibility Exercise Neuromotor Exercise Special Considerations Physical Inactivity Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Cancer Obesity Osteoarthritis (OA) Conclusion References 4: Preparticipation Evaluation Introduction Goals Logistics Timing Frequency Format Examiner Components of PPE Past Medical and Family History Injury and Sport Participation History Cardiovascular History Neurologic History Other Medical Comorbidities and Review of Systems Physical Exam Additional Testing PPE Considerations in Specific Sporting Populations Athletes with Organ Loss or Impairment Female Athletes RED-S Disabled Athletes The Pediatric Athlete Masters Athlete Clearance Medicolegal Implementation Issues Limitations of the Current PPE Paradigm Conclusion Bibliography 5: Hydration and Nutrition in Athletes Hydration Physiological Factors Fluid-Related Problems Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Exertional Heatstroke Hyponatremia Fluid Intake Before Exercise Fluid Intake During Exercise Fluid Intake After Exercise Macronutrient Requirements Carbohydrates Protein Fat Micronutrients B Vitamins: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Biotin, and Pantothenic Acid Vitamin D Calcium Iron Zinc Magnesium Supplements Creatine HMB Caffeine Banned Supplements/Ergogenic Aids References 6: General Medical Problems in Athletes Cardiology in Sports: Screening Hypertension Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Brugada Syndrome Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) Venous Thromboembolism Exercise-Associated Collapse Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm/Exercise-Induced Asthma Infectious Disease Blood-Borne Infections High-Altitude Illness Exertional Heat-Related Illness Cold-Related Illness References 7: Doping in Sports References Part II: Musculoskeletal Injuries 8: Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Introduction Epidemiology Risk Factors Clinical Presentation Subclassification, Subtypes, and Overlapping Clinical Profile Pathophysiology Diagnosis Sideline Assessment and the In-office Exam Testing: Sensitivity and Specificity Return to Play (RTP) Guidelines and Recommendations Early Exercise and the Subsymptom Threshold Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) Prevention and Future Research References 9: Cervical Spine Injuries Introduction Anatomy of Cervical Spine Bones Nerves Intervertebral Discs Muscles and Ligaments Biomechanics Acute Injuries Preparation and Management of Suspected On-Field Cervical Spine Injury Pre-event Planning On-Field Management Stable Cervical Spine Injuries Cervical Strain/Sprains Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Acute Cervical Disc Herniation Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Stingers/Burners Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Cervical Spinous Process Fracture Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Unstable Cervical Spine Injuries Unstable Cervical Fractures Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Cervical Cord Neurapraxia with Transient Tetraplegia Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Blunt Cerebrovascular Injuries Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Overuse Injuries Myofascial Pain Syndrome Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Cervical Facet–Mediated Pain/Cervical Facet Arthropathy Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Chronic Cervical Radiculopathy Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology [42, 43] Neurogenic TOS Vascular TOS Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment References 10: Shoulder Injuries Introduction Anatomy Bones Nerves Muscles and Ligaments Biomechanics Acute Injuries ACJ Sprain and Separation Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play GHJ Dislocation Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Clavicle Fracture Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Overuse Injuries Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Bicipital Tendinopathy Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment GHJ Instability Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Glenoid Labrum Tears Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment References 11: Elbow and Forearm Injuries Introduction Anatomy and Biomechanics [1] Bones and Ligaments Muscles Nerves Biomechanics Acute Elbow Injuries Fractures and Dislocations [2] Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Olecranon Bursopathy (Bursitis) [5] Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Triceps Rupture Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sports Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Overuse Elbow Injuries Lateral Epicondylopathy [2, 9, 10] Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Medial Epicondylopathy Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Triceps Tendinopathy Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow (UNE) Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Pronator Syndrome Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome (Kiloh-Nevin Syndrome) Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Valgus Extension Overload Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Conclusion References 12: Hand and Wrist Injuries Introduction Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist [1] Bones and Ligaments Muscles Nerves Biomechanics Acute Hand and Wrist Injuries [2] Distal Radius Fracture [3] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Wrist Sprain Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Scapholunate Ligament Disruption [4] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Injury Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Scaphoid Fracture [5] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Hook of the Hamate Fracture Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport UCL Tear/First Metacarpophalangeal Instability (Gamekeeper’s Thumb, Skier’s Thumb) [6] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Metacarpal Shaft/Neck Fracture Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Digital Extensor Tendon Injury (Mallet Finger) [7] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Avulsion Injury (Jersey Finger) [8] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Finger Dislocations Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Overuse Wrist and Hand Injuries [9] De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Ulnar Nerve Palsy Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Flexor Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger) Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Intersection Syndrome (Oarsman’s Wrist) Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Return to Play Suggested Readings 13: Chest Trauma and Thoracic Spine Injuries Introduction Anatomy Bones Nerves Muscles and Ligaments Lungs Heart Acute Injuries Pulmonary Contusion Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Rib Fractures Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Sternal Fractures Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Pneumothorax Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Commotio Cordis Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Pectoralis Major Tear Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Stress Fracture: Ribs Overuse Injuries Mechanism of Injury/ Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Stress Fracture: Sternum Mechanism of Injury/ Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Slipping Rib Syndrome Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Scapulothoracic Bursitis Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Thoracic Spine Injuries References 14: Lumbar Spine Injuries Introduction Evaluation Bone Spinal Variants Scoliosis Scheuermann’s Disease Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Acute Traumatic Injuries Vertebral Fractures Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Spinous Process and Transverse Process Fractures Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Spondylolysis Etiology and Clinical Presentation Pedicle Stress Reaction Work-Up Treatment Spondylolisthesis Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Soft Tissue and Nerve Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Muscle Tendon Complex Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Ligamentous Injury Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Baastrup’s Disease Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Apophysitis Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Zygapophysial (Facet) Joint Pain Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment Spinal Stenosis Etiology and Clinical Presentation Work-Up Treatment SI Joint Complex Pain Return-to-Play Criteria Other Causes of Low Back Pain Conclusion References 15: Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh Injuries Introduction Anatomy Bone Nerves Muscles and Ligaments Biomechanics Acute Injuries Hamstring Muscle Injury Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Quadriceps Muscle Injury Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Adductor Strains Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Iliac Crest Contusions Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Overuse Injuries Femoral Neck Stress Fracture Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Femoroacetabular Impingement Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Athletic Pubalgia Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Snapping Hip Syndrome Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Sport Summary References 16: Knee Injuries Introduction Anatomy Bones Nerves Muscle and Ligaments Menisci Bursae Biomechanics Acute Injuries Patellar Dislocation Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Anterior Cruciate Ligament Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Lateral Collateral Ligament Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Medial Collateral Ligament Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Posterior Cruciate Ligament Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Meniscal Injuries (Lateral/Medial Meniscus) Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Hamstring/Quadriceps Strain/Tear Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Overuse Injuries Patellar Tendinopathy Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Patellofemoral Pain Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Knee Apophysitis (Osgood-Schlatter Disease and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease) Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) Mechanism of Injury/Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Conclusion References 17: Leg Injuries Anatomy of the Leg [1, 2] Compartments Nerves Sensory Innervation Motor Innervation Bones [3] Acute Injuries of the Leg Fractures Tibial Plateau Fractures [4, 5] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Tibial Shaft Fractures [6, 7] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Distal Tibia Fractures [8–10] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Fibula Fractures Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Contusions Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Neurovascular Injury Tibial Nerve Injury [11, 12] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Fibular Nerve Injury Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Superficial Fibular Nerve Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Deep Fibular Nerve Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Acute Muscle and Tendon Injuries Ankle Syndesmosis Injury [13–16] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Gastrocnemius Strain [15, 17–20] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Acute Compartment Syndrome Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Popliteus Injury [21–24] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Overuse Injuries (Fig. 17.4, Adapted) Bone Injuries Tibial Stress Fractures [25–29] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome [30, 31] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Vascular and Ischemic Overuse Syndromes Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome [32–36] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome [33, 37, 38] Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play References Recommended Reading 18: Ankle and Foot Injuries Anatomy Bones Ligaments Muscles Joints Tarsal Tunnel Plantar Aponeurosis Disorders of the Ankle Ankle Sprains Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Achilles Tendinopathy Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Achilles Tendon Rupture Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Retrocalcaneal Bursitis Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Plantar Fasciopathy Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy/Injury Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Tibialis Anterior Tendinopathy Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Tibialis Posterior Tendon Injuries Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Fibular Tendon Injuries Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Sprain of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Morton’s Neuroma Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Sinus Tarsi Syndrome Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Metatarsalgia Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Heel Fat Pad Contusion Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Return to Play Fractures References Part III: Specific Populations 19: Master Athletes Introduction Epidemiology Overall Increase of Master Athletes Injury Rate in Master Athletes Age-Related Changes Relevant to Maintaining a High Level of Performance at Older Age Musculoskeletal System Cardiovascular System Gender Differences Positive Changes in Master Athletes Compared to Sedentary Older Adults General Principles of Caring for the Master Athlete Pre-participation Injury Prevention and Management Nutrition and Hydration Recommendations Recovery Rehabilitation of Injury and Return to Sport Sports-Specific Considerations Running Swimming Golf Mountaineering Triathlons Summary and Key Points References 20: The Female Athlete The Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Treatment Injury Considerations in the Female Athlete: ACL Tears The Pregnant and Postpartum Athlete References 21: The Pediatric Athlete Introduction Developmental Considerations Nonlinearity of Growth and the Unique Response to Skeletal Injury Age- and Maturity-Associated Variation Acute Injuries Common Fractures Common Overuse Injuries Shoulder Injuries Elbow Injuries Wrist Injuries Lumbar Spine Injuries Hip Injuries Knee Injuries Ankle and Foot Injuries Sport-Related Concussion Nutrition and Hydration Considerations Exercise Prescription in School-Aged Children and Adolescents Summary References 22: Adaptive Sport Athlete Adaptive Sports A Brief History Classification Adaptive Sports Equipment Wheelchair Technology Sport-Specific Wheelchair Designs Adaptive Sports Prostheses Sport-Specific Prosthesis Assessment of the Athlete Pre-participation Examinations (PPE) Sports Injuries and Medical Complications in Wheelchair Athletes Upper Limb Injuries Medical Injuries and Complications of Limb-Deficient Athletes Sport-Specific Considerations in the Adaptive Athlete Wheelchair Rugby Wheelchair Basketball Running Sled Hockey Skiing and Snowboarding Conclusion References Index

This book provides a straightforward look at the concepts, algorithms and advantages of Bayesian Deep Learning and Deep Generative Models. Starting from the model-based approach to Machine Learning, the authors motivate Probabilistic Graphical Models and show how Bayesian inference naturally lends itself to this framework. The authors present detailed explanations of the main modern algorithms on variational approximations for Bayesian inference in neural networks. Each algorithm of this selected set develops a distinct aspect of the theory. The book builds from the ground-up well-known deep generative models, such as Variational Autoencoder and subsequent theoretical developments. By also exposing the main issues of the algorithms together with different methods to mitigate such issues, the book supplies the necessary knowledge on generative models for the reader to handle a wide range of data types: sequential or not, continuous or not, labelled or not. The book is self-contained, promptly covering all necessary theory so that the reader does not have to search for additional information elsewhere. Offers a concise self-contained resource, covering the basic concepts to the algorithms for Bayesian Deep Learning; Presents Statistical Inference concepts, offering a set of elucidative examples, practical aspects, and pseudo-codes; Every chapter includes hands-on examples and exercises and a website features lecture slides, additional examples, and other support material.

This book presents the characteristics and benefits industrial organizations can reap from the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). These characteristics and benefits include enhanced competitiveness, increased proactive decision-making, improved creativity and innovation, augmented job creation, heightened agility to respond to continuously changing challenges, and intensified data-driven decision making. In a straightforward fashion, the book also helps readers understand complex concepts that are core to IIoT enterprises, such as Big Data, analytic architecture platforms, machine learning (ML) and data science algorithms, and the power of visualization to enrich the domains experts’ decision making. The book also guides the reader on how to think about ways to define new business paradigms that the IIoT facilitates, as well how to increase the probability of success in managing analytic projects that are the core engine of decision-making in the IIoT enterprise.     The book starts by defining an IIoT enterprise and the framework used to efficiently operate. A description of the concepts of industrial analytics, which is a major engine for decision making in the IIoT enterprise, is provided. It then discusses how data and machine learning (ML) play an important role in increasing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises that operate using the IIoT technology and business concepts. Real world examples of data driven IIoT enterprises and various business models are presented and a discussion on how the use of ML and data science help address complex decision-making problems and generate new job opportunities. The book presents in an easy-to-understand manner how ML algorithms work and operate on data generated in the IIoT enterprise.  Useful for any industry professional interested in advanced industrial software applications, including business managers and professionals interested in how data analytics can help industries and to develop innovative business solutions, as well as data and computer scientists who wish to bridge the analytics and computer science fields with the industrial world, and project managers interested in managing advanced analytic projects.

This textbook is unique because of its in-depth treatment of the applications of wavelets and wavelet transforms to many areas, across many disciplines. The book is written to serve the needs of a one or two semester course at either the undergraduate or graduate level. The author uses a very simplified, accessible approach that de-emphasizes mathematical rigor. The presentation includes many diagrams to illustrate points being discussed and uses MATLAB for all of application code. The author reinforces concepts introduced in the book with easy to grasp review questions and problems, tailored to each specific chapter for better mastery of the subject matter. This book enables students to understand the fundamental concepts of wavelets and wavelet transforms, as well as how to use them for problem solutions in digital signal and image processing, mixed-signal testing, space applications, aerospace applications, biomedical, cyber security, homeland security and many other application areas. Provides textbook coverage of Wavelets and applications, suitable for one and two semester courses, either at the undergraduate or graduate level; Discusses many types of wavelets and their applications across many disciplines; Includes MATLAB code illustrations to simplify the understanding of the various applications; Uses many illustrations, figures, tables, and visual comparisons to simplify and clarify the various concepts of wavelets, wavelet transforms and the various application areas; Ends each chapter with review questions/answers, as well as exercises to reinforce and test concepts introduced; Solutions manual and PowerPoint slides for each chapter available for instructors. Cajetan M. Akujuobi received his O.N.D. from Institute of Management and Technology Enugu, Nigeria in 1974, the B.S. degree from Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1980, the M.S. degree from Tuskegee University, Alabama, in 1982, all in electrical & electronics engineering. He received the M.B.A. degree from Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, in 1987. In 1995, he received the Ph.D. degree from George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, in electrical engineering with specialization in signal/image/video processing & communication systems. He is a full Professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the former Vice President for Research, Innovation and Sponsored Programs at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU). He served as Dean in two different Universities - the Dean for Graduate Studies at PVAMU and founding STEM Dean at Alabama State University (ASU). He is the founder and the Executive Director of the Center of Excellence for Communication Systems Technology Research (CECSTR), a Texas A&M Board of Regents approved center where he has been able to attract research-funding exceeding over $25 Million. He is the founder and the Principal Investigator for the SECURE Cybersecurity Center of Excellence at PVAMU where he has received over $7 Million research award. Under his leadership as the Vice President for Research, Innovation and Sponsored Programs at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU), he was instrumental in bringing to PVAMU five new Chancellors’ Research Initiative (CRI) research centers worth about $35 Million. He has worked in such corporations as Texas Instruments, Advanced Hardware Architecture, Schlumberger, Data Race Corporation, Spectrum Engineering, Intelsat and Bell Laboratories. Prof. Akujuobi developed and taught the Wavelets and Their Applications course at PVAMU for over 20 years. His research interests are in Wavelets and Wavelet transform Analysis and Applications, Cybersecurity, Smart & Connected Cities and DSP Solutions. In addition, his research interests include Communication Systems, Compressive Sensing, Signal/Image/Video Processing, Broadband Communication Systems, and Mixed Signal Systems. He was a participant and collaborative member of the ANSI TIEI.4 Working Group that had the technical responsibility of developing the T1.413, Issue 2 ADSL standard. He has received several professional and community related honors in teaching, research and service and has published extensively including writing books and book Chapters. Two of the books he published with Dr. M. N. O. Sadiku, are “Introduction to Broadband Communication Systems”, and “Solutions Manual for Introduction to Broadband Communication Systems”, both published by Chapman & Hall/CRC and Sci-Tech Publication, Boca Raton, Florida. Prof. Akujuobi is the current Chair of the IEEE Houston Section Life Members Group. He is also a Life Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Senior Member of Instrument Society of America (ISA), Member of American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), Sigma XI, the Scientific Research Society, and the Texas Society for Biomedical Research (TSBR) Board of Directors. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Texas, USA.

Sports medicine is a popular medical sub-specialty. Sports medicine certainly overlaps with general musculoskeletal medicine, but there are important differences to be aware of. This book provides comprehensive, pertinent information about sports medicine so that the busy clinician can find it accessible and practical. Medical students, residents, and fellows will find the book useful for providing an accessible overview of the most salient points in the field of sports medicine.