A Lone Hunter, Vilie, Sets Out To Find The River Of His Dreams: To Wrest From Its Sleeping Waters A Stone That Will Give Him Untold Power. It Is A Dangerous Quest, For Not Only Must He Overcome Unquiet Spirits, Vengeful Sorceresses And Daemons Of The Forest, There Are Men – Armed With Guns – On His Trail. Easterine Kire’s Novel Transports The Reader To The Remote Mountains Of Nagaland, A Place Alive With Natural Wonder And Supernatural Enchantment. As Vilie Treks Through The Forest On The Trail Of His Dream, We Are Also Swept Along In This Powerful Narrative And Walk Alongside Him In A World Where The Spirits Are Every Bit As Real As Men And Women, And Where Danger – Or Salvation – Lies At Every Turn. Kire’s Powerful Narrative Invites Us Into The Lives And Hearts Of The People Of Nagaland: The Rituals And Beliefs, Their Reverence For The Land, Their Close-knit Communities – The Rhythms Of A Life Lived In Harmony With Their Natural Surroundings. It Is Against This Spellbinding Backdrop That Kire Tells The Story Of A Solitary Man Driven By The Mysterious Pull Of A Dream, Who Must Overcome Weretigers And Malignant Widow-spirits In The Search For His Heart’s Desire.

- Képzelje el, Kraftné édesanyját és a férjét egy betörő brutálisan meggyilkolta. Ez az asszony ugyanazon a napon veszítette el a férjét és az anyját, mert egy gyilkos végzett velük. Iszonyatos! Elment az étvágyam is, kérem, ne haragudjon! - Nekem sincs étvágyam - fegyezte meg Marlies tompán. Loni alaposan szemügyre vette ifjú albérlőjét. - Nagyon sápadt! - állapította meg. - Talán honvágya van? - Nem, nem arról van szó. Steigerwald úr megkért egy szívességre. De ne is beszéljünk róla, mára már épp elég volt az izgalmakból...

- Képzelje el, Kraftné édesanyját és a férjét egy betörő brutálisan meggyilkolta. Ez az asszony ugyanazon a napon veszítette el a férjét és az anyját, mert egy gyilkos végzett velük. Iszonyatos! Elment az étvágyam is, kérem, ne haragudjon! - Nekem sincs étvágyam - fegyezte meg Marlies tompán. Loni alaposan szemügyre vette ifjú albérlőjét. - Nagyon sápadt! - állapította meg. - Talán honvágya van? - Nem, nem arról van szó. Steigerwald úr megkért egy szívességre. De ne is beszéljünk róla, mára már épp elég volt az izgalmakból...

Son of the Thundercloud by Dr. Easterine Kire is an allegorical novel set in a mystical land. A lone sojourner 'Pele' leaves his village because of a terrible famine that sweeps across the land. His journey takes to a village called “Villagers of weavers” believed to be a safe heaven.

"Amíg kicsi voltam és okos és kedves és szép, mindig tudták hogy kire hasonlítok...Amióta nagy vagyok, és ütődött és nyegle és idétlen, csak ülnek és sóhajtoznak, hogy kire ütött ez a gyerek."

The novel is a literary fable of remarkable depth and strange delights, a classic tale of leaving childhood and the connection between life, love and death, where transformation can come from even the deepest grief.

Winner of the 2023 FICCI India Book of the Year award — a powerful, magical indigenous novel from Nagaland, India's foremost writer.Drawing on ancient tribal tales, Spirit Nights tells of a prophecy fulfilled when a number of villages are plunged into endless darkness. A terrible taboo has been violated in the spirit world. A wise elder feels the village crumble as her people are isolated and frightened. She knows that only through acting with wisdom and courage, and journeying into unknown realms, can the people get the light back.But who would dare to do that?Lockdowns, spirit visions, profound darkness - Spirit Nights delivers a unique tale from Nagaland that parallels our lives today. This is an exciting USA debut for Easterine Kire. Spirit Nights also includes informative notes, and an essay about real 'Dark Time Accounts' - tribal stories of periods when the world tumbles into seemingly endless night time.

This book explores the most important aspects of populism as a significant social phenomenon. It recapitulates the approaches to defining populism in the social sciences, singles out the most important concepts in the definition of populism, and presents them to the readership. Specific to this book is that it seeks to promote an approach that sees populism as a meta-ideology, that is, an ideology that uses other political ideologies instrumentally. In addition, the book Populism as Meta Ideology identifies the most important factors that have contributed to the growth of populism in recent times. Modernization, globalization, the crisis of political parties, and the transformation of the public sphere have been identified as such factors. A chapter is devoted to each of these factors in the book. The book concludes by examining the interaction between populism and liberal democracy, both theoretically and practically. Kire Sharlamanov is Full Professor of Sociology at the International Balkan University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. His specialty is in the field of political sociology. He is the author of several books and articles in the field of sociology. Kire Sharlamanov is currently the president of the Association of Sociologists of Macedonia

This book explores the most important aspects of populism as a significant social phenomenon. It recapitulates the approaches to defining populism in the social sciences, singles out the most important concepts in the definition of populism, and presents them to the readership. Specific to this book is that it seeks to promote an approach that sees populism as a meta-ideology, that is, an ideology that uses other political ideologies instrumentally. In addition, the book Populism as Meta Ideology identifies the most important factors that have contributed to the growth of populism in recent times. Modernization, globalization, the crisis of political parties, and the transformation of the public sphere have been identified as such factors. A chapter is devoted to each of these factors in the book. The book concludes by examining the interaction between populism and liberal democracy, both theoretically and practically. Kire Sharlamanov is Full Professor of Sociology at the International Balkan University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. His specialty is in the field of political sociology. He is the author of several books and articles in the field of sociology. Kire Sharlamanov is currently the president of the Association of Sociologists of Macedonia

This book identifies the turning points in Habermas's work and his transition from one stage to another in the development of his theoretical oeuvre. Habermas began his academic career as part of the Frankfurt School, but the two key points at which his career changes trajectory are moving from historical materialism to normative idealism and playing with some of the ideas of liberalism. Normative idealism is an ahistorical theory that insists on the independence of the normative from material reality, severing the connection between base and superstructure that Marx wrote about. The break with the basic concepts of Marxism enabled Habermas to build his own discursive (critical) theory, which, especially since the end of the 1980s, takes the ideas of liberalism seriously. This book makes a systematic, multidimensional and detailed analysis of Habermas's theoretical oeuvre in two dimensions, chronological (in the order in which Habermas worked on certain topics) and thematic (enclosing certain thematic units).

This book identifies the turning points in Habermas's work and his transition from one stage to another in the development of his theoretical oeuvre. Habermas began his academic career as part of the Frankfurt School, but the two key points at which his career changes trajectory are moving from historical materialism to normative idealism and playing with some of the ideas of liberalism. Normative idealism is an ahistorical theory that insists on the independence of the normative from material reality, severing the connection between base and superstructure that Marx wrote about. The break with the basic concepts of Marxism enabled Habermas to build his own discursive (critical) theory, which, especially since the end of the 1980s, takes the ideas of liberalism seriously. This book makes a systematic, multidimensional and detailed analysis of Habermas's theoretical oeuvre in two dimensions, chronological (in the order in which Habermas worked on certain topics) and thematic (enclosing certain thematic units).

1 vol. (208 p.) : 30 cm, Lexiques espagnol-français, français-espagnol, La couverture porte en plus : \"A2/B1\"

This book offers a systematic and multifaceted analysis of the Greens on the levels of political philosophy, political concepts, social movement, political parties, and political ideology. The originality of the book lies in the determination of the political philosophy of the Greens as left libertarianism. Such a determination of the Greens can already be found in the writings of Herbert Kitschelt, but while he only makes a cursory mention of it, this book offers a detailed elaboration of the points of contact between left-libertarianism and the Greens. The book also attempts to explain the acceptance of left-libertarianism by the Greens with social processes in Western Europe, the emergence of a new middle class and post-materialist values. At the same time, the book examines the relationship between the left-libertarian political philosophy of the Greens and the organizational structure of the Green parties, their relationship to the state, and to democracy.

Tiger has eaten the sun! screams Tola the seeress when darkness suddenly descends at midday, and the great spiritual struggle begins to restore the light. An ancient prophecy is fulfilled when darkness envelops a number of villages for days on end. The only thing they know is that a terrible taboo has been violated in the spirit world. Only by crossing the borders between the natural world and the spirit world, and acting with wisdom and courage can they get the light back, but who will dare to do that? Accounts of sudden darkness descending on the land exist in at least two tribal histories of the Naga people, the Rengma and the Chang. The story of Spirit Nights is inspired by a story of darkness narrated by the Chang Naga tribe. Names and incidents are borrowed from the original tale, but it follows the path of fiction to achieve its telling.

Winner of the 2023 FICCI India Book of the Year award — a powerful, magical indigenous novel from Nagaland, India's foremost writer. Drawing on ancient tribal tales, Spirit Nights tells of a prophecy fulfilled when a number of villages are plunged into endless darkness. A terrible taboo has been violated in the spirit world. A wise elder feels the village crumble as her people are isolated and frightened. She knows that only through acting with wisdom and courage, and journeying into unknown realms, can the people get the light back. But who would dare to do that? Lockdowns, spirit visions, profound darkness - Spirit Nights delivers a unique tale from Nagaland that parallels our lives today. This is an exciting USA debut for Easterine Kire. Spirit Nights also includes informative notes, and an essay about real 'Dark Time Accounts' - tribal stories of periods when the world tumbles into seemingly endless night time.

FOOD EMULSIONS FOURTH EDITION, REVISED AND EXPANDED......Page 1 PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION......Page 10 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION......Page 12 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 15 CONTENTS......Page 13 A. GENERAL INTRODUCTION......Page 17 CONTENTS......Page 0 B. EMULSION TYPES......Page 18 A. GENERAL ASPECTS OF EMULSIONS......Page 20 B. LIPIDS AND EMULSION FUNCTIONALITY......Page 21 C. THE INTERFACIAL LAYER......Page 22 D. THE CONTINUOUS PHASE......Page 25 B. PROTEINS......Page 27 C. ADSORPTION AND PROTEIN CONFORMATION......Page 28 IV. FORMATION OF EMULSIONS AND MEASUREMENT OF EMULSIFYING ACTIVITY OF PROTEINS......Page 31 V. MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE SIZES AND SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN EMULSIONS......Page 34 B. INTERFACES WITH ADSORBED PROTEINS......Page 39 C. EMULSIONS STABILIZED BY PARTICLES......Page 43 A. INTERFACES CONTAINING MIXTURES OF PROTEINS......Page 45 B. ADDITION OF SMALL-MOLECULE EMULSIFIERS TO A PROTEIN-STABILIZED EMULSION......Page 47 C. CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF THE INTERFACIAL LAYER......Page 50 VIII. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 52 REFERENCES......Page 53 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 61 A. MONOGLYCERIDES......Page 62 B. ORGANIC ACID ESTERS OF MONOGLYCERIDES......Page 69 D. LACTIC ACID ESTERS (LACTEM)......Page 71 E. DIACETYL TARTARIC ACID ESTERS (DATEM)......Page 72 G. SUCCINIC ACID ESTERS (SMG)......Page 74 H. POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS (PGE)......Page 75 J. PROPYLENE GLYCOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS (PGMS)......Page 77 1. SORBITAN ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS (SMS, STS)......Page 78 2. POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN ESTERS......Page 79 M. LECITHIN......Page 80 III. LYOTROPIC MESOMORPHISM......Page 81 A. LAMELLAR PHASE......Page 83 B. PHASE BEHAVIOR OF MONOGLYCERIDE–WATER SYSTEMS......Page 84 C. DISPERSION STATE AND CRYSTALLINE HYDRATES......Page 88 1. POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS......Page 90 2. ORGANIC ACID ESTERS......Page 91 3. STEAROYL LACTYLATES......Page 92 5. POLYSORBATES......Page 94 E. THE ALFA-CRYSTALLINE GEL STATE......Page 95 G. POLAR LIPID–WATER PHASES OF NATURAL ORIGIN......Page 101 A. EMULSIFICATION AND EMULSION STABILITY......Page 102 C. INTERACTION WITH STARCH COMPONENTS......Page 103 D. DOUGH-STRENGTHENING EFFECTS OF EMULSIFIERS......Page 104 V. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 105 REFERENCES......Page 106 II. THE SOLID STATE......Page 108 B. MOLECULAR ORIENTATION IN LIPID CRYSTALS......Page 109 C. HYDROCARBON CHAIN PACKING......Page 110 E. FATTY ACIDS......Page 112 G. DIGLYCERIDES AND TRIGLYCERIDES......Page 114 III. LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES......Page 115 B. LAMELLAR LIQUID CRYSTALS......Page 117 D. CUBIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES......Page 118 REFERENCES......Page 120 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 122 II. LIPIDS......Page 124 III. PROTEINS......Page 128 A. IN SOLUTION......Page 131 1. ANIONIC......Page 133 3. CATIONIC......Page 137 4. EFFECT OF SOLUTION CONDITIONS......Page 138 B. AT INTERFACES......Page 140 2. DISPLACEMENT......Page 142 3. INCREASED SURFACE ACTIVITY OF THE LIPID–PROTEIN COMPLEX......Page 146 5. PROTEIN–LIPID INTERACTIONS AT THE INTERFACE......Page 148 V. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROTEINS AND WATER-INSOLUBLE LIPIDS......Page 151 1. DRIVING FORCE FOR LIPID–PROTEIN INTERACTIONS......Page 153 2. STRUCTURE OF THE INTERFACIAL FILM......Page 157 3. MONOLAYER STABILITY......Page 159 B. PROTEIN-LIPID INTERACTIONS AT THE OIL–AQUEOUS INTERFACE......Page 161 C. PROTEIN INTERACTIONS WITH LIPID VESICLES......Page 163 1. DRIVING FORCE FOR THE PROTEIN–VESICLE INTERACTION......Page 164 2. INFLUENCE OF THE PROTEIN STRUCTURE ON THE VESICLE INTERACTION......Page 166 D. PROTEIN INTERACTION WITH LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES/GEL PHASES......Page 167 1. PROTEIN INTERACTIONS THAT INCREASE THE CURVATURE OF THE LIPID–AQUEOUS INTERFACES......Page 169 2. PROTEIN INTERACTIONS THAT DECREASE THE CURVATURE OF THE LIPID–AQUEOUS INTERFACES......Page 171 3. CUBIC LIPID–PROTEIN AQUEOUS PHASES......Page 172 4. LIPASE ACTION ON LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES......Page 176 REFERENCES......Page 178 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 189 A. KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY IN MACROEMULSIONS AND MINIEMULSIONS......Page 191 B. CURRENT STATE OF EMULSION STABILITY SCIENCE......Page 192 C. SPECIFICITY OF EMULSION CHARACTERIZATION......Page 193 A. SINGLET–DOUBLET QUASIEQUILIBRIUM......Page 194 B. KINETIC EQUATION FOR COUPLING OF FLOCCULATION AND INTRADOUBLET COALESCENCE IN MONODISPERSE EMULSIONS......Page 196 C. COALESCENCE IN A SINGLET–DOUBLET SYSTEM AT QUASIEQUILIBRIUM......Page 197 D. REDUCED ROLE OF FRAGMENTATION WITH DECREASING C......Page 199 1. VIDEO-ENHANCED MICROSCOPY (MICROSLIDE PREPARATIVE TECHNIQUE) FOR INVESTIGATION OF SINGLET–DOUBLET EQUILIBRIUM AND INTRADOUBLET COALESCENCE (29–31)......Page 200 2. IMPROVING THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE WITH THE USE OF LOW-DENSITY CONTRAST EMULSIONS (30)......Page 201 3. MEASUREMENT OF COALESCENCE TIME AND DOUBLET FRAGMENTATION TIME......Page 202 F. PERSPECTIVE FOR GENERALIZATION OF THE THEORY FOR COUPLING OF COALESCENCE AND FLOCCULATION......Page 203 A. GENERAL......Page 204 B. AVERAGE MODELS......Page 205 1. THE MODEL OF BORWANKAR ET AL.......Page 206 C. THE DIGB MODEL FOR SIMULTANEOUS COAGULATION AND COALESCENCE......Page 208 A. THEORY OF DOUBLET FRAGMENTATION TIME......Page 212 B. DOUBLET FRAGMENTATION TIME OF UNCHARGED DROPLETS......Page 213 C. LIFETIME OF A DOUBLET OF CHARGED DROPLETS AND COAGULATION/FLOCCULATION......Page 215 V. COALESCENCE COUPLED WITH EITHER COAGULATION OR FLOCCULATION IN DILUTE EMULSIONS......Page 216 A. FRAGMENTATION OF PRIMARY FLOCS IN EMULSIONS AND THE SUBSEQUENT REDUCTION OF COALESCENCE......Page 217 B. DOMAINS OF COALESCENCE COUPLED EITHER WITH COAGULATION OR WITH FLOCCULATION......Page 219 VI. APPLICATIONS......Page 222 A. LONG-TERM PREDICTION OF EMULSION STABILITY......Page 223 1. COMBINING SURFACTANTS AND POLYMERS IN EMULSION STABILIZATION......Page 224 2. THERE IS A STRONG INFLUENCE OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF IONIC SURFACTANT ON DOUBLET FRAGMENTATION TIME AND COALESCENCE TIME......Page 225 1. GENERAL......Page 226 2. COMBINED APPROACH IN INVESTIGATIONS OF DILUTE AND CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS......Page 227 4. THE SIMPLEST EMULSION STATE FOR WHICH INVESTIGATION CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT COALESCENCE IS AT SINGLET–DOUBLET QUASIEQUILIBRIUM WITH SLOW COALESCENCE WITHIN THE DOUBLETS......Page 228 VII. SUMMARY......Page 229 REFERENCES......Page 230 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 234 B. MESOPHASE PREPARATION......Page 236 C. BACKLIGHT-SCATTERING EXPERIMENT......Page 238 D. FILM RHEOLOGY AND FILM THICKNESS STABILITY......Page 239 E. FOAM FILM AIR PERMEABILITY......Page 241 F. MEASUREMENT OF OVERRUN AND BUBBLE SIZE......Page 242 G. MEASUREMENT OF GAS DIFFUSION......Page 243 A. FAT PARTICLE STRUCTURE VARIATION DURING HOMOGENIZATION......Page 244 B. FAT PARTICLE STRUCTURE DURING COOLING......Page 245 C. FAT PARTICLE STRUCTURE DURING AGING......Page 247 E. FAT PARTICLE STRUCTURE DURING THE WHIPPING PROCESS......Page 248 F. FILM TENSION, ELASTICITY, AND THICKNESS STABILITY......Page 251 G. FOAM FILM AIR PERMEABILITY......Page 254 H. LONG-TERM STABILITY OF MODEL AERATED FOOD EMULSIONS......Page 256 1. MEASUREMENT OF THE GAS-DIFFUSION RATE......Page 257 2. OSTWALD RIPENING MODEL AND THE GAS-DIFFUSION MODEL......Page 259 3. MODEL PREDICTION......Page 261 4. APPLICATION OF MODEL IN PREDICTING LONG-TERM STABILITY OF AN AERATED EMULSION SYSTEM......Page 263 IV. CONCLUSIONS......Page 265 REFERENCES......Page 266 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 269 II. INTERACTIONS AND HOLE FORMATION......Page 270 A. HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS......Page 271 A. VAN DER WAALS FORCES......Page 273 B. ELECTROSTATIC DOUBLE-LAYER FORCES......Page 274 D. POLYMER-INDUCED FORCES......Page 275 E. COALESCENCE AND HOLE FORMATION......Page 277 A. INTERFEROMETRIC SURFACE FORCE APPARATUS......Page 280 B. THE BIMORPH SURFACE FORCE APPARATUS......Page 282 C. DERJAGUIN APPROXIMATION......Page 283 D. THIN-FILM PRESSURE BALANCE......Page 284 A. IONIC SURFACTANTS ON HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES......Page 287 B. NONIONIC SURFACTANTS ON HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES......Page 290 C. NONIONIC POLYMERS ON HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES......Page 292 D. POLYELECTROLYTES ON SURFACES......Page 294 E. PROTEINS ON HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES......Page 296 F. PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON POLAR SURFACES IN OIL......Page 299 G. POLYMERS ON POLAR SURFACES IN OIL......Page 300 H. FORCES BETWEEN SURFACES ACROSS EMULSIONS......Page 302 I. FORCES DUE TO STRATIFICATION IN FOAM AND PSEUDOEMULSION FILMS......Page 305 REFERENCES......Page 306 B. ADSORBED PROTEIN LAYERS......Page 310 C. COMPLEXITY OF PROCESSES PRECEDING COALESCENCE IN FOOD EMULSIONS......Page 312 D. AIM OF THIS WORK......Page 313 A. THIN FILMS......Page 314 III. HOMOGENEOUS COALESCENCE......Page 316 1. RUPTURE BY THE PRESENCE OF VACANCIES......Page 317 2. RUPTURE BY SPONTANEOUS PASSAGE FORMATION......Page 318 3. RUPTURE BY FILM STRETCHING......Page 319 1. DROPLET ENCOUNTER UNDER QUIESCENT AND GENTLE-FLOW CONDITIONS......Page 322 2. DROPLET ENCOUNTER IN TURBULENT FLOW......Page 323 IV. SURFACE-INTERMEDIATED COALESCENCE......Page 325 B. COALESCENCE INTERMEDIATED BY A LIQUID INTERFACE......Page 326 C. COALESCENCE BY SHEARING IN CONFINED SPACES......Page 329 D. RUPTURE BY PENETRATION OF PARTICLES......Page 330 REFERENCES......Page 332 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 337 II. THEORETICAL APPROACHES......Page 338 A. SMOLUCHOWSKI THEORY......Page 340 1. PARTICLES ARE SPHERICAL IN SHAPE AFTER COLLISION......Page 341 2. ALL COLLISIONS LEAD TO IMMEDIATE AND COMPLETE COALESCENCE......Page 343 3. THERE IS NO FRACTURE OF PARTICLES OR AGGREGATES......Page 345 5. PARTICLES ARE OF IDENTICAL SIZE......Page 346 C. TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS......Page 347 III. EXPERIMENTS IN FOOD SYSTEMS......Page 351 1. EMULSIONS CONTAINING LIQUID DROPLETS......Page 352 2. EMULSIONS CONTAINING SEMICRYSTALLINE DROPLETS......Page 354 B. TWO-PARTICLE AGGREGATION UNDER SHEAR......Page 355 IV. CONCLUSIONS......Page 356 REFERENCES......Page 357 I. OPENING REMARKS......Page 362 II. INTRODUCTION......Page 363 III. PREPARATION ROUTES: THE EMULSIFIERS......Page 364 IV. THE OIL PHASE......Page 370 V. STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS......Page 371 VI. RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 375 VII. STABILIZATION BY MACROMOLECULAR AMPHIPHILES......Page 377 A. PROTEIN–POLYSACCHARIDE INTERACTIONS IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM......Page 380 B. PROTEIN–POLYSACCHARIDE INTERACTIONS IN EMULSION......Page 381 C. DOUBLE EMULSION STABILIZED WITH PROTEIN–POLYSACCHARIDE HYBRIDS......Page 387 1. RHEOLOGY......Page 388 2. EFFECT OF PH ON DOUBLE-EMULSION STABILITY......Page 390 3. ENTRAPMENT IN DOUBLE EMULSIONS (VITAMIN B1)......Page 391 IX. STABILIZATION BY SOLID PARTICLES......Page 392 X. STABILIZATION BY INCREASED VISCOSITY......Page 395 XI. MICROCAPSULES OR MICROSPHERES IN THE INTERNAL PHASE......Page 397 A. CONTROLLED DELIVERY APPLICATIONS......Page 398 B. DOUBLE-EMULSIONS SOLVENT-EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR PREPARATION OF MICROSPHERES......Page 399 XIII. O/W/O DOUBLE EMULSIONS......Page 402 XIV. MULTIPLE-EMULSION RHEOLOGY......Page 404 XV. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 411 REFERENCES......Page 412 I. BACKGROUND......Page 422 II. INTRODUCTION......Page 423 III. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS......Page 426 A. MONODISPERSE, PERFECTLY ORDERED 2D SYSTEM......Page 429 B. POLYDISPERSE 2D SYSTEMS......Page 435 C. MONODISPERSE 3D SYSTEMS......Page 437 D. POLYDISPERSE 3D SYSTEMS......Page 442 B. VAPOR PRESSURES OF CONTINUOUS AND DISPERSED PHASES......Page 444 C. GRADIENT IN / IN GRAVITATIONAL FIELD......Page 445 D. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF PI FOR REAL SYSTEMS......Page 447 E. GRAVITATIONAL SYNERESIS OR CREAMING......Page 450 F. INCREASE IN SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA WITH /......Page 451 G. SURFACE AREA IN FILMS VERSUS TOTAL SURFACE AREA......Page 453 A. DRY-FOAM LIMIT (Ó=1)......Page 454 B. FOAMS WITH FINITE LIQUID CONTENT (Ó< 1)......Page 455 VII. MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES......Page 456 1. ELASTIC AND YIELD PROPERTIES: SHEAR MODULUS AND YIELD STRESS......Page 457 2. SHEAR VISCOSITY......Page 466 B. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES AND RESULTS......Page 471 1. SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION......Page 472 2. RHEOLOGICAL EVALUATION......Page 473 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS......Page 476 VIII. ADDITIONAL AREAS OF INTEREST......Page 484 IX. POSTSCRIPT......Page 485 LATIN SYMBOLS......Page 486 GREEK SYMBOLS......Page 487 REFERENCES......Page 488 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 493 II. DEFINITION......Page 494 2. WEIGHTING AGENTS......Page 495 2. HYDROCOLLOIDS......Page 502 5. COLORINGS......Page 507 B. STEP 2. PREHOMOGENIZATION......Page 508 IV. STABILITY PROBLEMS......Page 509 A. CREAMING......Page 510 V. STABILIZATION OF BEVERAGE EMULSIONS......Page 511 A. STOKES’ LAW......Page 512 B. ADSORPTION AT INTERFACES......Page 513 C. ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION......Page 518 VI. PARTICLE SIZE CHARACTERIZATION......Page 520 B. LIGHT-SCATTERING DETERMINATION......Page 522 C. LASER DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE......Page 523 VII. STABILITY CRITERIA SETTING......Page 524 REFERENCES......Page 527 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 533 A. MICROSTRUCTURE OF DRESSINGS AND SAUCES......Page 536 B. RHEOLOGY OF DRESSINGS AND SAUCES......Page 537 E. NONCLASSIC DRESSINGS AND SAUCES......Page 538 A. INTRODUCTION......Page 539 B. MAYONNAISE AND SPOONABLE SALAD DRESSINGS......Page 542 1. KETCHUP......Page 544 A. INTRODUCTION......Page 546 B. RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS......Page 548 C. EMULSION RHEOLOGY......Page 549 A. INTRODUCTION......Page 551 B. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 552 2. STERIC STABILIZATION......Page 553 4. PARTICLE STABILIZATION......Page 554 C. EMULSIFIERS AND STABILIZERS......Page 555 1. EGGS......Page 557 3. DAIRY PROTEINS......Page 558 E. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 559 V. PROCESSING OF DRESSINGS AND SAUCES......Page 560 A. DROP BREAKAGE......Page 562 B. EMULSIFIER EFFECT......Page 565 C. PROCESS DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT SELECTION......Page 568 VI. NONCLASSIC DRESSINGS AND SAUCES......Page 571 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND PROGNOSTICATION......Page 574 REFERENCES......Page 575 A. INTRODUCTION......Page 581 B. ULTRASONIC PROPAGATION IN FOOD EMULSIONS......Page 582 1. MONOPOLE SCATTERING COEFFICIENT, AM......Page 584 3. LIMITATIONS OF THE THEORY......Page 585 C. ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS......Page 589 A. DROPLET CONCENTRATION......Page 591 B. PARTICLE SIZE......Page 592 D. GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATION......Page 593 E. DROPLET CRYSTALLIZATION......Page 594 III. CONCLUSIONS......Page 596 REFERENCES......Page 597 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 601 A. FUNDAMENTALS......Page 602 C. DYNAMIC PARAMETERS......Page 604 D. MEASUREMENT OF SELF-DIFFUSION......Page 606 A. DETERMINATION OF EMULSION DROPLET RADII BY MEANS OF THE NMR DIFFUSOMETRY METHOD......Page 610 B. APPLICATIONS OF NMR TECHNIQUES TO INVESTIGATE DIFFUSION AND FLOW IN FOOD EMULSIONS......Page 614 IV. NMR DIFFUSION STUDIES OF CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS......Page 615 V. NMR DIFFUSION STUDIES OF MULTIPLE EMULSIONS......Page 618 VI. DETERMINATION OF THE EMULSION COMPOSITION......Page 620 VIII. DETERMINATION OF EMULSION SHELF LIFE AND EMULSION STABILITY......Page 622 A. IDENTIFICATION OF THE DISPERSED PHASE IN EMULSIONS......Page 624 B. STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE CONTINUOUS PHASE......Page 625 D. MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION FROM RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS......Page 627 X. DEGREE OF SOLIDIFICATION OF THE DISPERSED PHASE......Page 628 A. DETERMINATION OF THE SOLID FAT CONTENT......Page 629 B. STUDIES OF THE EMULSION STABILITY......Page 633 REFERENCES......Page 635