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Results 1-14 (14 total)
Microelectronic Circuits 5TH Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth Carless Smith IRL Press at Oxford University Press, Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., New York, Oxford, United States, 2004
A textbook for third and fourth year students in all electrical and computer engineering departments taking electronic circuit courses. . Every chapter features a design problem that tests the problem-solving skills employed by real engineering.
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English [en] · PDF · 52.9MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/zlib · Save
base score: 11068.0, final score: 167488.14
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/1bf125c7434a20cdd2c32d9c9e21ff88.djvu
Microelectronic Circuits 5TH Edition Sedra A.S., Smith K.C. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 2003
Used book. It only has pencil writing in almost 20 pages...Its in good condition..
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English [en] · DJVU · 33.2MB · 2003 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 167486.75
lgli/N:\libgen djvu ocr\183000\4a24418436d4756a44b121d62a252277-ocr.djvu
Microelectronic Circuits 5TH Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith. McGraw-Hill, Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., New York, Oxford, United States, 2004
Used book. It only has pencil writing in almost 20 pages...Its in good condition..
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English [en] · DJVU · 96.3MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 167486.7
upload/misc/worldtracker.org/Science/Electronics/Sedra - Microelectronic Circuits 5e HQ OCR (Oxford, 2004).pdf
Microelectronic Circuits 5TH Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith McGraw-Hill, Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., New York, Oxford, United States, 2004
Used book. It only has pencil writing in almost 20 pages...Its in good condition..
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English [en] · PDF · 278.2MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 167486.7
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nexusstc/Security+ Fast Pass/3fb138d62998a2c0828ae8d34abb3f96.pdf
Security+ Fast Pass James Michael Stewart Sybex, Incorporated, Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., New York, Oxford, United States, 2004
This perfect supplement to Sybex's best-selling Security+ Study Guide was designed for Security+ exam candidates seeking a concise review book to help reinforce the key exam topics. You won't find more concise and economical coverage of the Security+ material. This book's clear-cut, objective-by-objective approach is ideal for last-minute review. The companion CD-ROM includes 2 bonus exams, electronic flashcards, and a searchable key term database. Sybex is proud to serve as a Cornerstone member of the Security+ advisory committee.
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English [en] · PDF · 6.0MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 167467.73
upload/misc/worldtracker.org/Science/Electronics/Sedra - Microelectronic Circuits 5th Ed.djvu
Microelectronic Circuits 5TH Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., New York, Oxford, United States, 2004
Cd-rom Contains: Free Student Version Of Pspice 9.2 Lite Edition (spice Simulator) And New Industry-based Design Examples. Part I: Devices And Basic Circuits -- Introduction To Electronics -- Operational Amplifiers -- Diodes -- Mos Field-effect Transistors (mosfets) -- Bipolar Junction Transistors (bjts) -- Part Ii: Analog And Digital Integrated Circuits -- Single-state Integrated-circuit Amplifiers -- Differential And Multistage Amplifiers -- Feedback -- Operation-amplifier And Data-coverter Circuits -- Digital Cmos Logic Circuits -- Part Iii: Selected Topics -- Memory And Advanced Digital Circuits -- Filters And Tuned Amplifiers -- Signal Generators And Waveform-shaping Circuits -- Output Stages And Power Amplifiers -- Appendix A. Vlsi Fabrication Technology -- Appendix B. Two-port Network Parameters -- Appendix C. Some Useful Network Theorems -- Appendix D. Single-time-constant Circuits -- Appendix E. S-domain Analysis: Poles, Zeros, And Bode Plots -- Appendix F. Bibliography -- Appendix G. Standard Resistance Values And Unit Prefixes -- Appendix H. Answers To Selected Problems. Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith. Includes Bibliographical References (p. F-1 - F-2) And Index. System Requirements For Accompanying Disc: Ibm Pc Or Compatible : Windows ; Cd-rom Drive ; Mouse.
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English [en] · DJVU · 92.5MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/upload · Save
❌ This file might have issues.
base score: 0.01, final score: 150018.53
upload/newsarch_ebooks/2017/10/13/0198062257.pdf
“Micro Electronic Circuits Theory And Applicatication,” 5th Edition 5th Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 5th, 5th, 5, 2004
Please READ DESCRIPTION Before Buying. The item is Brand New Paperback International/South Asian Edition textbook with 100 % identical Contents as US Edition. Shipped Same Day. Will be dispatched fast. 100% Satisfaction. Great Customer Service, Buy with Confidence, Front Cover May Differ. Ships to PO or APO. May have printed "NOT FOR SALE OUTSIDE of INDIA" or Territorial Disclaimer.
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English [en] · PDF · 46.6MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 1.6750851
lgli/G:\!upload\!add\!\(ebook-ENG).Sedra.Smith.-.Microelectronic.Circuits.5th.Edition.(Oxford.University.Press).-.Full.Powerpoint.Data.zip
Microelectronic Circuits Sedra Smith Oxford University Press, 5
English [en] · ZIP · 38.4MB · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11044.0, final score: 1.6750286
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuit Design/8137be56b49e312063e5d2c2f876f250.pdf
Microelectronic Circuit Design, 5th Edition Richard Jaeger, Travis Blalock, Richard C. Jaeger McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, Fifth edition, New York, NY, 2015
Presents A Balanced Coverage Of Analog And Digital Circuits. This Book Helps Students Develop A Comprehensive Understanding Of The Basic Techniques Of Modern Electronic Circuit Design, Analog And Digital, Discrete And Integrated. It Emphasizes Design Through The Use Of Design Examples And Design Notes. Part I: Solid State Electronics And Devices -- Introduction To Electronics -- Solid-state Electronics -- Solid-state Diodes And Diode Circuits -- Field-effect Transistors -- Bipolar Junction Transistors -- Part Ii: Digital Electronics -- Introduction To Digital Electronics -- Complementary Mos (cmos) Logic Design -- Mos Memory And Storage Circuits -- Bipolar Logic Circuits -- Part Iii: Analog Electronics -- Analog Systems And Ideal Operational Amplifiers -- Nonideal Operational Amplifiers And Feedback Amplifier Stability -- Operational Amplifier Applications -- Small-signal Modeling And Linear Amplification -- Single-transistor Amplifiers -- Differential Amplifiers And Operational Amplifier Design -- Analog Integrated Circuit Design Techniques -- Amplifier Frequency Response -- Transistor Feedback Amplifiers And Oscillators. Richard C. Jaeger, Travis N. Blalock. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.
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English [en] · PDF · 13.6MB · 2015 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 1.6749859
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upload/misc/IXKXcI5mZnjhFnLAUPaa/E-Books/engineering/electrical/9780073529608_Microelectronic_Circuit_Design_5th_7852.pdf
Microelectronic Circuit Design, 5th Edition Richard C. Jaeger, Travis N. Blalock McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 5th, 2015
Richard Jaeger and Travis Blalock present a balanced coverage of analog and digital circuits; students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the basic techniques of modern electronic circuit design, analog and digital, discrete and integrated. A broad spectrum of topics are included in Microelectronic Circuit Design which gives the professor the option to easily select and customize the material to satisfy a two-semester or three-quarter sequence in electronics. Jaeger/Blalock emphasizes design through the use of design examples and design notes. Excellent pedagogical elements include chapter opening vignettes, chapter objectives, “Electronics in Action” boxes, a problem-solving methodology, and "Design Note” boxes. The use of the well-defined problem-solving methodology presented in this text can significantly enhance an engineer’s ability to understand the issues related to design. The design examples assist in building and understanding the design process.
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English [en] · PDF · 14.1MB · 2015 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 1.6749144
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/20cf986c53e6e56b9f3f8bcbe9161145.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits: includes CD-ROM (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) Adel S Sedra; Kenneth Carless Smith Oxford University Press, USA, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 5th, 2003
This market-leading textbook continues its standard of excellence and innovation built on the solid pedagogical foundation that instructors expect from Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. All material in the fifth edition of Microelectronic Circuits is thoroughly updated to reflect changes in technology-CMOS technology in particular. These technological changes have shaped the book's organization and topical coverage, making it the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits. Features of the Fifth Edition ·Streamlined Organizational Structure: The "must-cover" topics are placed first in each chapter; the more specialized material appears last. The first five chapters, Part I, are organized to form a coherent single-semester introductory course. Similarly, the next five chapters, Part II, present a body of material for a second one-semester course. The final four chapters, Part III, contain significant topics that can be used as enhancements or substitutes for some of the material in earlier chapters as well as resources for project or thesis work. ·MOSFETs and BJTs: Chapter 4 (MOSFETs) and Chapter 5 (BJTs) are completely rewritten. The MOSFET coverage is placed first but the two devices can be covered in any desired order. ·IC MOS and Bipolar Amplifiers: Chapter 6 (Single-Stage Integrated-Circuit Amplifiers) and Chapter 7 (Differential and Multistage Amplifiers) are completely rewritten to introduce IC MOS and bipolar amplifiers in an accessible, systematic way. ·Amplifier Frequency Response: Amplifier frequency response is now presented where needed (a "just-in-time" approach). This includes brief coverage of the frequency responses of the common-source and common-emitter amplifiers in Chapters 4 and 5, respectively. Enhanced Student Support ·A new CD--packaged with every text--includes a free student version of PSpice 9.2 Lite Edition (SPICE simulator) and new industry-based design examples. ·Revised summary sections and many more summary tables are presented. ·Numerous new and varied review exercises and end-of-chapter problems are provided in addition to more SPICE examples with schematic captures. ·An accompanying website (http://www.sedrasmith.org) features: --SPICE Models --Links to industry and academic sites of related interest Enhanced Instructor Support ·An Instructor's Manual with Transparency Masters contains solutions to all in-text exercises and end-of-chapter problems plus hard copy masters of transparency acetates. (978-0-19-517268-3) ·PowerPoint Overheads on CD contain all of the figures with captions from the main text.
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English [en] · PDF · 80.7MB · 2003 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 1.674879
duxiu/initial_release/40478372.zip
Microelectronic Circuit Design, 5th Edition RICHARD C.JAEGER AND TRAVIS N.BLALOCK, Richard C. Jaeger, Travis N. Blalock, Richard C Jaeger, Travis N Blalock, Jaeger, Richard, Blalock, Travis McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2011, 2011
1 (p1): PART ONE SOLID STATE ELECTRONIC AND DEVICES 3 (p1-1): CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS 5 (p1-1-1): 1.1 A Brief History of Electronics:From Vacuum Tubes to Giga-Scale Integration 8 (p1-1-2): 1.2 Classifiication of Electronic Signals 9 (p1-1-2-1): 1.2.1 Digital Signals 9 (p1-1-2-2): 1.2.2 Analog Signals 10 (p1-1-2-3): 1.2.3 A/D and D/A Converters—Bridging the Analog and Digital Domains 12 (p1-1-3): 1.3 Notational Conventions 13 (p1-1-4): 1.4 Problem-Solving Approach 15 (p1-1-5): 1.5 Important Concepts from Circuit Theory 15 (p1-1-5-1): 1.5.1 Voltage and Current Division 16 (p1-1-5-2): 1.5.2 Thevenin and Norton Circuit Representations 21 (p1-1-6): 1.6 Frequency Spectrum of Electronic Signals 22 (p1-1-7): 1.7 Amplifiers 23 (p1-1-7-1): 1.7.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 25 (p1-1-7-2): 1.7.2 Amplifier Frequency Response 26 (p1-1-8): 1.8 Element Variations in Circuit Design 26 (p1-1-8-1): 1.8.1 Mathematical Modeling of Tolerances 27 (p1-1-8-2): 1.8.2 Worst-Case Analysis 29 (p1-1-8-3): 1.8.3 Monte Carlo Analysis 32 (p1-1-8-4): 1.8.4 Temperature Coeffiicients 34 (p1-1-9): 1.9 Numeric Precision 34 (p1-1-9-1): Summary 35 (p1-1-9-2): Key Terms 36 (p1-1-9-3): References 36 (p1-1-9-4): Additional Reading 37 (p1-1-9-5): Problems 42 (p1-2): CHAPTER 2 SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 44 (p1-2-1): 2.1 Solid-State Electronic Materials 45 (p1-2-2): 2.2 Covalent Bond Model 48 (p1-2-3): 2.3 Drift Currents and Mobility in Semiconductors 48 (p1-2-3-1): 2.3.1 Drift Currents 49 (p1-2-3-2): 2.3.2 Mobility 49 (p1-2-3-3): 2.3.3 Velocity Saturation 50 (p1-2-4): 2.4 Resistivity of Intrinsic Silicon 51 (p1-2-5): 2.5 Impurities in Semiconductors 52 (p1-2-5-1): 2.5.1 Donor Impurities in Silicon 52 (p1-2-5-2): 2.5.2 Acceptor Impurities in Silicon 52 (p1-2-6): 2.6 Electron and Hole Concentrations in Doped Semiconductors 53 (p1-2-6-1): 2.6.1 n-Type Material (ND > NA) 54 (p1-2-6-2): 2.6.2 p-Type Material (NA >ND) 55 (p1-2-7): 2.7 Mobility and Resistivity in Doped Semiconductors 59 (p1-2-8): 2.8 Diffusion Currents 60 (p1-2-9): 2.9 Total Current 61 (p1-2-10): 2.10 Energy Band Model 61 (p1-2-10-1): 2.10.1 Electron-Hole Pair Generation in an Intrinsic Semiconductor 62 (p1-2-10-2): 2.10.2 Energy Band Model for a Doped Semiconductor 62 (p1-2-10-3): 2.10.3 Compensated Semiconductors 64 (p1-2-11): 2.11 Overview of Integrated Circuit Fabrication 67 (p1-2-11-1): Summary 68 (p1-2-11-2): Key Terms 69 (p1-2-11-3): Reference 69 (p1-2-11-4): Additional Reading 69 (p1-2-11-5): Important Equations 70 (p1-2-11-6): Problems 74 (p1-3): CHAPTER 3 SOLID-STATE DIODES AND DIODE CIRCUITS 75 (p1-3-1): 3.1 The pn Junction Diode 75 (p1-3-1-1): 3.1.1 pn Junction Electrostatics 79 (p1-3-1-2): 3.1.2 Internal Diode Currents 80 (p1-3-2): 3.2 The i-v Characteristics of the Diode 82 (p1-3-3): 3.3 The Diode Equation:A Mathematical Model for the Diode 85 (p1-3-4): 3.4 Diode Characteristics Under Reverse,Zero,and Forward Bias 85 (p1-3-4-1): 3.4.1 Reverse Bias 85 (p1-3-4-2): 3.4.2 Zero Bias 86 (p1-3-4-3): 3.4.3 Forward Bias 89 (p1-3-5): 3.5 Diode Temperature Coefficient 89 (p1-3-6): 3.6 Diodes Under Reverse Bias 90 (p1-3-6-1): 3.6.1 Saturation Current in Real Diodes 91 (p1-3-6-2): 3.6.2 Reverse Breakdown 92 (p1-3-6-3): 3.6.3 Diode Model for the Breakdown Region 92 (p1-3-7): 3.7 pn Junction Capacitance 92 (p1-3-7-1): 3.7.1 Reverse Bias 93 (p1-3-7-2): 3.7.2 Forward Bias 93 (p1-3-8): 3.8 Schottky Barrier Diode 94 (p1-3-9): 3.9 Diode SPICE Model and Layout 96 (p1-3-10): 3.10 Diode Circuit Analysis 96 (p1-3-10-1): 3.10.1 Load-Line Analysis 98 (p1-3-10-2): 3.10.2 Analysis Using the Mathematical Model for the Diode 102 (p1-3-10-3): 3.10.3 The Ideal Diode Model 104 (p1-3-10-4): 3.10.4 Constant Voltage Drop Model 105 (p1-3-10-5): 3.10.5 Model Comparison and Discussion 106 (p1-3-11): 3.11 Multiple-Diode Circuits 109 (p1-3-12): 3.12 Analysis of Diodes Operating in the Breakdown Region 109 (p1-3-12-1): 3.12.1 Load-Line Analysis 109 (p1-3-12-2): 3.12.2 Analysis with the Piecewise Linear Model 110 (p1-3-12-3): 3.12.3 Voltage Regulation 111 (p1-3-12-4): 3.12.4 Analysis Including Zener Resistance 112 (p1-3-12-5): 3.12.5 Line and Load Regulation 113 (p1-3-13): 3.13 Half-Wave Rectifiier Circuits 113 (p1-3-13-1): 3.13.1 Half-Wave Rectifiier with Resistor Load 114 (p1-3-13-2): 3.13.2 Rectifier Filter Capacitor 115 (p1-3-13-3): 3.13.3 Half-Wave Rectifiier with RC Load 116 (p1-3-13-4): 3.13.4 Ripple Voltage and Conduction Interval 118 (p1-3-13-5): 3.13.5 Diode Current 120 (p1-3-13-6): 3.13.6 Surge Current 120 (p1-3-13-7): 3.13.7 Peak-Inverse-Voltage (PIV) Rating 120 (p1-3-13-8): 3.13.8 Diode Power Dissipation 121 (p1-3-13-9): 3.13.9 Half-Wave Rectifier with Negative Output Voltage 123 (p1-3-14): 3.14 Full-Wave Rectifiier Circuits 124 (p1-3-14-1): 3.14.1 Full-Wave Rectifier with Negative Output Voltage 125 (p1-3-15): 3.15 Full-Wave Bridge Rectification 125 (p1-3-16): 3.16 Rectifiier Comparison and Design Tradeoffs 129 (p1-3-17): 3.17 Dynamic Switching Behavior of the Diode 130 (p1-3-18): 3.18 Photo Diodes,Solar Cells,and Light-Emitting Diodes 130 (p1-3-18-1): 3.18.1 Photo Diodes and Photodetectors 131 (p1-3-18-2): 3.18.2 Power Generation from Solar Cells 132 (p1-3-18-3): 3.18.3 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 133 (p1-3-18-4): Summary 134 (p1-3-18-5): Key Terms 135 (p1-3-18-6): Reference 135 (p1-3-18-7): Additional Reading 135 (p1-3-18-8): Problems 145 (p1-4): CHAPTER 4 FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 146 (p1-4-1): 4.1 Characteristics of the MOS Capacitor 147 (p1-4-1-1): 4.1.1 Accumulation Region 148 (p1-4-1-2): 4.1.2 Depletion Region 148 (p1-4-1-3): 4.1.3 Inversion Region 148 (p1-4-2): 4.2 The NMOS Transistor 149 (p1-4-2-1): 4.2.1 Qualitative i-v Behavior of the NMOS Transistor 150 (p1-4-2-2): 4.2.2 Triode Region Characteristics of the NMOS Transistor 153 (p1-4-2-3): 4.2.3 On Resistance 154 (p1-4-2-4): 4.2.4 Saturation of the i-v Characteristics 155 (p1-4-2-5): 4.2.5 Mathematical Model in the Saturation (Pinch-Off) Region 157 (p1-4-2-6): 4.2.6 Transconductance 157 (p1-4-2-7): 4.2.7 Channel-Length Modulation 158 (p1-4-2-8): 4.2.8 Transfer Characteristics and Depletion-Mode MOSFETS 159 (p1-4-2-9): 4.2.9 Body Effect or Substrate Sensitivity 161 (p1-4-3): 4.3 PMOS Transistors 163 (p1-4-4): 4.4 MOSFET Circuit Symbols 165 (p1-4-5): 4.5 Capacitances in MOS Transistors 165 (p1-4-5-1): 4.5.1 NMOS Transistor Capacitances in the Triode Region 166 (p1-4-5-2): 4.5.2 Capacitances in the Saturation Region 166 (p1-4-5-3): 4.5.3 Capacitances in Cutoff 167 (p1-4-6): 4.6 MOSFET Modeling in SPICE 169 (p1-4-7): 4.7 MOS Transistor Scaling 169 (p1-4-7-1): 4.7.1 Drain Current 169 (p1-4-7-2): 4.7.2 Gate Capacitance 170 (p1-4-7-3): 4.7.3 Circuit and Power Densities 170 (p1-4-7-4): 4.7.4 Power-Delay Product 171 (p1-4-7-5): 4.7.5 Cutoff Frequency 171 (p1-4-7-6): 4.7.6 High Field Limitations 172 (p1-4-7-7): 4.7.7 Subthreshold Conduction 172 (p1-4-8): 4.8 MOS Transistor Fabrication and Layout Design Rules 173 (p1-4-8-1): 4.8.1 Minimum Feature Size and Alignment Tolerance 173 (p1-4-8-2): 4.8.2 MOS Transistor Layout 176 (p1-4-9): 4.9 Biasing the NMOS Field-Effect Transistor 176 (p1-4-9-1): 4.9.1 Why Do We Need Bias? 178 (p1-4-9-2): 4.9.2 Constant Gate-Source Voltage Bias 181 (p1-4-9-3): 4.9.3 Load Line Analysis for the Q-Point 182 (p1-4-9-4): 4.9.4 Four-Resistor Biasing 188 (p1-4-10): 4.10 Biasing the PMOS Field-Effect Transistor 190 (p1-4-11): 4.11 The Junction Field-Effect Transistor (IFET) 191 (p1-4-11-1): 4.11.1 The JFET with Bias Applied 191 (p1-4-11-2): 4.11.2 JFET Channel with Drain-Source Bias 193 (p1-4-11-3): 4.11.3 n-Channel JFET i-v Characteristics 195 (p1-4-11-4): 4.11.4 The p-Channel JFET 195 (p1-4-11-5): 4.11.5 Circuit Symbols and JFET Model Summary 196 (p1-4-11-6): 4.11.6 JFET Capacitances 197 (p1-4-12): 4.12 JFET Modeling in SPICE 198 (p1-4-13): 4.13 Biasing the JFET and Depletion-Mode MOSFET 200 (p1-4-13-1): Summary 202 (p1-4-13-2): Key Terms 203 (p1-4-13-3): References 204 (p1-4-13-4): Problems 217 (p1-5): CHAPTER 5 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 218 (p1-5-1): 5.1 Physical Structure of the Bipolar Transistor 219 (p1-5-2): 5.2 The Transport Model for the npn Transistor 220 (p1-5-2-1): 5.2.1 Forward Characteristics 222 (p1-5-2-2): 5.2.2 Reverse Characteristics 223 (p1-5-2-3): 5.2.3 The Complete Transport Model Equations for Arbitrary Bias Conditions 225 (p1-5-3): 5.3 The pnp Transistor 227 (p1-5-4): 5.4 Equivalent Circuit Representations for the Transport Models 228 (p1-5-5): 5.5 The i-v Characteristics of the Bipolar Transistor 228 (p1-5-5-1): 5.5.1 Output Characteristics 229 (p1-5-5-2): 5.5.2 Transfer Characteristics 230 (p1-5-6): 5.6 The Operating Regions of the Bipolar Transistor 231 (p1-5-7): 5.7 Transport Model Simplifiications 231 (p1-5-7-1): 5.7.1 Simplified Model for the Cutoff Region 233 (p1-5-7-2): 5.7.2 Model Simplifications for the Forward-Active Region 239 (p1-5-7-3): 5.7.3 Diodes in Bipolar Integrated Circuits 240 (p1-5-7-4): 5.7.4 Simplifiied Model for the Reverse-Active Region 242 (p1-5-7-5): 5.7.5 Modeling Operation in the Saturation Region 245 (p1-5-8): 5.8 Nonideal Behavior of the Bipolar Transistor 246 (p1-5-8-1): 5.8.1 Junction Breakdown Voltages 246 (p1-5-8-2): 5.8.2 Minority-Carrier Transport in the Base Region 247 (p1-5-8-3): 5.8.3 Base Transit Time 249 (p1-5-8-4): 5.8.4 Diffusion Capacitance 250 (p1-5-8-5): 5.8.5 Frequency Dependence of the Common-Emitter Current Gain 250 (p1-5-8-6): 5.8.6 The Early Effect and Early Voltage 251 (p1-5-8-7): 5.8.7 Modeling the Early Effect 251 (p1-5-8-8): 5.8.8 Origin of the Early Effect 252 (p1-5-9): 5.9 Transconductance 253 (p1-5-10): 5.10 Bipolar Technology and SPICE Model 253 (p1-5-10-1): 5.10.1 Qualitative Description 254 (p1-5-10-2): 5.10.2 SPICE Model Equations 255 (p1-5-10-3): 5.10.3 High-Performance Bipolar Transistors 256 (p1-5-11): 5.11 Practical Bias Circuits for the BJT 258 (p1-5-11-1): 5.11.1 Four-Resistor Bias Network 260 (p1-5-11-2): 5.11.2 Design Objectives for the Four-Resistor Bias Network 266 (p1-5-11-3): 5.11.3 Iterative Analysis of the Four-Resistor Bias Circuit 266 (p1-5-12): 5.12 Tolerances in Bias Circuits 267 (p1-5-12-1): 5.12.1 Worst-Case Analysis 269 (p1-5-12-2): 5.12.2 Monte Carlo Analysis 272 (p1-5-12-3): Summary 274 (p1-5-12-4): Key Terms 274 (p1-5-12-5): References 275 (p1-5-12-6): Problems 285 (p2): PART TWO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 287 (p2-1): CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 289 (p2-1-1): 6.1 Ideal Logic Gates 289 (p2-1-2): 6.2 Logic Level Definitions and Noise Margins 291 (p2-1-2-1): 6.2.1 Logic Voltage Levels 291 (p2-1-2-2): 6.2.2 Noise Margins 292 (p2-1-2-3): 6.2.3 Logic Gate Design Goals 293 (p2-1-3): 6.3 Dynamic Response of Logic Gates 293 (p2-1-3-1): 6.3.1 Rise Time and Fall Time 294 (p2-1-3-2): 6.3.2 Propagation Delay 294 (p2-1-3-3): 6.3.3 Power-Delay Product 295 (p2-1-4): 6.4 Review of Boolean Algebra 297 (p2-1-5): 6.5 NMOS Logic Design 298 (p2-1-5-1): 6.5.1 NMOS Inverter with Resistive Load 299 (p2-1-5-2): 6.5.2 Design of the W/L Ratio of Ms 300 (p2-1-5-3): 6.5.3 Load Resistor Design 300 (p2-1-5-4): 6.5.4 Load-Line Visualization 302 (p2-1-5-5): 6.5.5 On-Resistance of the Switching Device 303 (p2-1-5-6): 6.5.6 Noise Margin Analysis 303 (p2-1-5-7): 6.5.7 Calculation of V IL and VOH 304 (p2-1-5-8): 6.5.8 Calculation of V I H and VOL 305 (p2-1-5-9): 6.5.9 Load Resistor Problems 306 (p2-1-6): 6.6 Transistor Alternatives to the Load Resistor 307 (p2-1-6-1): 6.6.1 The NMOS Saturated Load Inverter 315 (p2-1-6-2): 6.6.2 NMOS Inverter with a Linear Load Device 316 (p2-1-6-3): 6.6.3 NMOS Inverter with a Depletion-Mode Load 319 (p2-1-6-4): 6.6.4 Static Design of the Pseudo NMOS Inverter 323 (p2-1-7): 6.7 NMOS Inverter Summary and Comparison 324 (p2-1-8): 6.8 NMOS NAND and NOR Gates 325 (p2-1-8-1): 6.8.1 NOR Gates 326 (p2-1-8-2): 6.8.2 NAND Gates 327 (p2-1-8-3): 6.8.3 NOR and NAND Gate Layouts in NMOS Depletion-Mode Technology 328 (p2-1-9): 6.9 Complex NMOS Logic Design 333 (p2-1-10): 6.10 Power Dissipation 333 (p2-1-10-1): 6.10.1 Static Power Dissipation 334 (p2-1-10-2): 6.10.2 Dynamic Power Dissipation 335 (p2-1-10-3): 6.10.3 Power Scaling in MOS Logic Gates 337 (p2-1-11): 6.11 Dynamic Behavior of MOS Logic Gates 337 (p2-1-11-1): 6.11.1 Capacitances in Logic Circuits 338 (p2-1-11-2): 6.11.2 Dynamic Response of the NMOS Inverter with a Resistive Load 343 (p2-1-11-3): 6.11.3 Pseudo NMOS Inverter 344 (p2-1-11-4): 6.11.4 A Final Comparison of NMOS Inverter Delays 346 (p2-1-11-5): 6.11.5 Scaling Based Upon Reference Circuit Simulation 346 (p2-1-11-6): 6.11.6 Ring Oscillator Measurement of Intrinsic Gate Delay 347 (p2-1-11-7): 6.11.7 Unloaded Inverter Delay 349 (p2-1-12): 6.12 PMOS Logic 349 (p2-1-12-1): 6.12.1 PMOS Inverters 352 (p2-1-12-2): 6.12.2 NOR and NAND Gates 352 (p2-1-12-3): Summary 354 (p2-1-12-4): Key Terms 355 (p2-1-12-5): References 355 (p2-1-12-6): Additional Reading 355 (p2-1-12-7): Problems 367 (p2-2): CHAPTER 7 COMPLEMENTARY MOS (CMOS) LOGIC DESIGN 368 (p2-2-1): 7.1 CMOS Inverter Technology 370 (p2-2-1-1): 7.1.1 CMOS Inverter Layout 370 (p2-2-2): 7.2 Static Characteristics of the CMOS Inverter 371 (p2-2-2-1): 7.2.1 CMOS Voltage Transfer Characteristics 373 (p2-2-2-2): 7.2.2 Noise Margins for the CMOS Inverter 375 (p2-2-3): 7.3 Dynamic Behavior of the CMOS Inverter 375 (p2-2-3-1): 7.3.1 Propagation Delay Estimate 377 (p2-2-3-2): 7.3.2 Rise and Fall Times 377 (p2-2-3-3): 7.3.3 Performance Scaling 379 (p2-2-3-4): 7.3.4 Delay of Cascaded Inverters 380 (p2-2-4): 7.4 Power Dissipation and Power Delay Product in CMOS 380 (p2-2-4-1): 7.4.1 Static Power Dissipation 381 (p2-2-4-2): 7.4.2 Dynamic Power Dissipation 382 (p2-2-4-3): 7.4.3 Power-Delay Product 384 (p2-2-5): 7.5 CMOS NOR and NAND Gates 384 (p2-2-5-1): 7.5.1 CMOS NOR Gate 387 (p2-2-5-2): 7.5.2 CMOS NAND Gates 388 (p2-2-6): 7.6 Design of Complex Gates in CMOS 393 (p2-2-7): 7.7 Minimum Size Gate Design and Performance 395 (p2-2-8): 7.8 Dynamic Domino CMOS Logic 397 (p2-2-9): 7.9 Cascade Buffers 397 (p2-2-9-1): 7.9.1 Cascade Buffer Delay Model 398 (p2-2-9-2): 7.9.2 Optimum Number of Stages 400 (p2-2-10): 7.10 The CMOS Transmission Gate 401 (p2-2-11): 7.11 CMOS Latchup 404 (p2-2-11-1): Summary 405 (p2-2-11-2): Key Terms 406 (p2-2-11-3): References 406 (p2-2-11-4): Problems 416 (p2-3): CHAPTER 8 MOS MEMORY AND STORAGE CIRCUITS 417 (p2-3-1): 8.1 Random Access Memory 417 (p2-3-1-1): 8.1.1 Random Access Memory (RAM) Architecture 418 (p2-3-1-2): 8.1.2 A 256-Mb Memory Chip 419 (p2-3-2): 8.2 Static Memory Cells 422 (p2-3-2-1): 8.2.1 Memory Cell Isolation and Access—The 6-T Cell 422 (p2-3-2-2): 8.2.2 The Read Operation 426 (p2-3-2-3): 8.2.3 Writing Data into the 6-T Cell 428 (p2-3-3): 8.3 Dynamic Memory Cells 430 (p2-3-3-1): 8.3.1 The One-Transistor Cell 430 (p2-3-3-2): 8.3.2 Data Storage in the 1-T Cell 431 (p2-3-3-3): 8.3.3 Reading Data from the 1-T Cell 433 (p2-3-3-4): 8.3.4 The Four-Transistor Cell 434 (p2-3-4): 8.4 Sense Amplifiers 434 (p2-3-4-1): 8.4.1 A Sense Amplifier for the 6-T Cell 436 (p2-3-4-2): 8.4.2 A Sense Amplifier for the 1-T Cell 438 (p2-3-4-3): 8.4.3 The Boosted Wordline Circuit 438 (p2-3-4-4): 8.4.4 Clocked CMOS Sense Amplifiiers 440 (p2-3-5): 8.5 Address Decoders 440 (p2-3-5-1): 8.5.1 NOR Decoder 440 (p2-3-5-2): 8.5.2 NAND Decoder 443 (p2-3-5-3): 8.5.3 Decoders in Domino CMOS Logic 443 (p2-3-5-4): 8.5.4 Pass-Transistor Column Decoder 444 (p2-3-6): 8.6 Read-Only Memory (ROM) 447 (p2-3-7): 8.7 Flip-Flops 449 (p2-3-7-1): 8.7.1 RS Flip-Flop 450 (p2-3-7-2): 8.7.2 The D-Latch Using Transmission Gates 450 (p2-3-7-3): 8.7.3 A Master-Slave D Flip-Flop 451 (p2-3-7-4): Summary 452 (p2-3-7-5): Key Terms 452 (p2-3-7-6): References 453 (p2-3-7-7): Problems 460 (p2-4): CHAPTER 9 BIPOLAR LOGIC CIRCUITS 461 (p2-4-1): 9.1 The Current Switch (Emitter-Coupled Pair) 462 (p2-4-1-1): 9.1.1 Mathematical Model for Static Behavior of the Current Switch 463 (p2-4-1-2): 9.1.2 Current Switch Analysis for V I > VREF 464 (p2-4-1-3): 9.1.3 Current Switch Analysis for V I < VREF 464 (p2-4-2): 9.2 The Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL) Gate 465 (p2-4-2-1): 9.2.1 ECL Gate with vI = VH 466 (p2-4-2-2): 9.2.2 ECL Gate with vI = VL 466 (p2-4-2-3): 9.2.3 Input Current of the ECL Gate 466 (p2-4-2-4): 9.2.4 ECL Summary 467 (p2-4-3): 9.3 Noise Margin Analysis for the ECL Gate 467 (p2-4-3-1): 9.3.1 VI L,VOH,VI H,and VOL 468 (p2-4-3-2): 9.3.2 Noise Margins 469 (p2-4-4): 9.4 Current Source Implementation 471 (p2-4-5): 9.5 The ECL OR-NOR Gate 473 (p2-4-6): 9.6 The Emitter Follower 474 (p2-4-6-1): 9.6.1 Emitter Follower with a Load Resistor 476 (p2-4-7): 9.7 “Emitter Dotting” or “Wired-OR” Logic 477 (p2-4-7-1): 9.7.1 Parallel Connection of Emitter-Follower Outputs 477 (p2-4-7-2): 9.7.2 The Wired-OR Logic Function 477 (p2-4-8): 9.8 ECL Power-Delay Characteristics 477 (p2-4-8-1): 9.8.1 Power Dissipation 479 (p2-4-8-2): 9.8.2 Gate Delay 480 (p2-4-8-3): 9.8.3 Power-Delay Product 481 (p2-4-9): 9.9 Current Mode Logic 481 (p2-4-9-1): 9.9.1 CML Logic Gates 482 (p2-4-9-2): 9.9.2 CML Logic Levels 482 (p2-4-9-3): 9.9.3 VEE Supply Voltage 483 (p2-4-9-4): 9.9.4 Higher-Level CML 484 (p2-4-9-5): 9.9.5 CML Power Reduction 485 (p2-4-9-6): 9.9.6 NMOS CML 487 (p2-4-10): 9.10 The Saturating Bipolar Inverter 488 (p2-4-10-1): 9.10.1 Static Inverter Characteristics 488 (p2-4-10-2): 9.10.2 Saturation Voltage of the Bipolar Transistor 491 (p2-4-10-3): 9.10.3 Load-Line Visualization 491 (p2-4-10-4): 9.10.4 Switching Characteristics of the Saturated BJT 494 (p2-4-11): 9.11 A Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) Prototype 494 (p2-4-11-1): 9.11.1 TTL Inverter for vI = VL 495 (p2-4-11-2): 9.11.2 TTL Inverter for vI = VH 496 (p2-4-11-3): 9.11.3 Power in the Prototype TTL Gate 496 (p2-4-11-4): 9.11.4 VIH,VIL,and Noise Margins for the TTL Prototype 498 (p2-4-11-5): 9.11.5 Prototype Inverter Summary 498 (p2-4-11-6): 9.11.6 Fanout Limitations of the TTL Prototype 500 (p2-4-12): 9.12 The Standard 7400 Series TTL Inverter 500 (p2-4-12-1): 9.12.1 Analysis for V I = VL 501 (p2-4-12-2): 9.12.2 Analysis for V I = VH 503 (p2-4-12-3): 9.12.3 Power Consumption 503 (p2-4-12-4): 9.12.4 TTL Propagation Delay and Power-Delay Product 503 (p2-4-12-5): 9.12.5 TTL Voltage Transfer Characteristic and Noise Margins 504 (p2-4-12-6): 9.12.6 Fanout Limitations of Standard TTL 504 (p2-4-13): 9.13 Logic Functions in TTL 505 (p2-4-13-1): 9.13.1 Multi-Emitter Input Transistors 505 (p2-4-13-2): 9.13.2 TTL NAND Gates 506 (p2-4-13-3): 9.13.3 Input Clamping Diodes 506 (p2-4-14): 9.14 Schottky-Clamped TTL 508 (p2-4-15): 9.15 Comparison of the Power-Delay Products of ECL and TTL 508 (p2-4-16): 9.16 BiCMOS Logic 509 (p2-4-16-1): 9.16.1 BiCMOS Buffers 511 (p2-4-16-2): 9.16.2 BiNMOS Inverters 513 (p2-4-16-3): 9.16.3 BiCMOS Logic Gates 513 (p2-4-16-4): Summary 515 (p2-4-16-5): Key Terms 515 (p2-4-16-6): References 515 (p2-4-16-7): Additional Reading 516 (p2-4-16-8): Problems 527 (p3): PART THREE ANALOG ELECTRONICS 529 (p3-1): CHAPTER10 ANALOG SYSTEMS AND IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 530 (p3-1-1): 10.1 An Example of an Analog Electronic System 531 (p3-1-2): 10.2 Amplifiication 532 (p3-1-2-1): 10.2.1 Voltage Gain 533 (p3-1-2-2): 10.2.2 Current Gain 533 (p3-1-2-3): 10.2.3 Power Gain 534 (p3-1-2-4): 10.2.4 The Decibel Scale 537 (p3-1-3): 10.3 Two-Port Models for Amplifiiers 537 (p3-1-3-1): 10.3.1 The g-parameters 541 (p3-1-4): 10.4 Mismatched Source and Load Resistances 544 (p3-1-5): 10.5 Introduction to Operational Amplifiers 544 (p3-1-5-1): 10.5.1 The Differential Amplifier 545 (p3-1-5-2): 10.5.2 Differential Amplifier Voltage Transfer Characteristic 545 (p3-1-5-3): 10.5.3 Voltage Gain 548 (p3-1-6): 10.6 Distortion in Amplifiers 549 (p3-1-7): 10.7 Differential Amplifier Model 551 (p3-1-8): 10.8 Ideal Differential and Operational Amplifiers 551 (p3-1-8-1): 10.8.1 Assumptions for Ideal Operational Amplifier Analysis 552 (p3-1-9): 10.9 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Operational Amplifiiers 553 (p3-1-9-1): 10.9.1 The Inverting Amplifiier 556 (p3-1-9-2): 10.9.2 The Transresistance Amplifiier—A Current-to-Voltage Converter 558 (p3-1-9-3): 10.9.3 The Noninverting Amplifier 561 (p3-1-9-4): 10.9.4 The Unity-Gain Buffer,or Voltage Follower 563 (p3-1-9-5): 10.9.5 The Summing Amplifiier 565 (p3-1-9-6): 10.9.6 The Difference Amplifier 568 (p3-1-10): 10.10 Frequency-Dependent Feedback 568 (p3-1-10-1): 10.10.1 Bode Plots 568 (p3-1-10-2): 10.10.2 The Low-Pass Amplifier 572 (p3-1-10-3): 10.10.3 The High-Pass Amplifier 575 (p3-1-10-4): 10.10.4 Band-Pass Amplifiers 578 (p3-1-10-5): 10.10.5 An Active Low-Pass Filter 581 (p3-1-10-6): 10.10.6 An Active High-Pass Filter 582 (p3-1-10-7): 10.10.7 The Integrator 586 (p3-1-10-8): 10.10.8 The Differentiator 586 (p3-1-10-9): Summary 588 (p3-1-10-10): Key Terms 588 (p3-1-10-11): References 589 (p3-1-10-12): Additional Reading 589 (p3-1-10-13): Problems 600 (p3-2): CHAPTER 11 NONIDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER STABILITY 601 (p3-2-1): 11.1 Classic Feedback Systems 602 (p3-2-1-1): 11.1.1 Closed-Loop Gain Analysis 602 (p3-2-1-2): 11.1.2 Gain Error 603 (p3-2-2): 11.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Nonideal Operational Amplifiers 603 (p3-2-2-1): 11.2.1 Finite Open-Loop Gain 606 (p3-2-2-2): 11.2.2 Nonzero Output Resistance 610 (p3-2-2-3): 11.2.3 Finite Input Resistance 614 (p3-2-2-4): 11.2.4 Summary of Nonideal Inverting and Noninverting Amplifiiers 615 (p3-2-3): 11.3 Series and Shunt Feedback Circuits 615 (p3-2-3-1): 11.3.1 Feedback Amplifier Categories 616 (p3-2-3-2): 11.3.2 Voltage Amplifiers—Series-Shunt Feedback 616 (p3-2-3-3): 11.3.3 Transimpedance Amplifiers—Shunt-Shunt Feedback 616 (p3-2-3-4): 11.3.4 Current Amplifiiers—Shunt-Series Feedback 616 (p3-2-3-5): 11.3.5 Transconductance Amplifiiers—Series-Series Feedback 616 (p3-2-4): 11.4 Unifiied Approach to Feedback Amplifier Gain Calculation 617 (p3-2-4-1): 11.4.1 Closed-Loop Gain Analysis 617 (p3-2-4-2): 11.4.2 Resistance Calculation Using Blackman’S Theorem 617 (p3-2-5): 11.5 Series-Shunt Feedback-Voltage Amplifiiers 618 (p3-2-5-1): 11.5.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 618 (p3-2-5-2): 11.5.2 Input Resistance Calculation 619 (p3-2-5-3): 11.5.3 Output Resistance Calculation 620 (p3-2-5-4): 11.5.4 Series-Shunt Feedback Amplifiier Summary 624 (p3-2-6): 11.6 Shunt-Shunt Feed back—Transresistance Amplifiers 625 (p3-2-6-1): 11.6.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 625 (p3-2-6-2): 11.6.2 Input Resistance Calculation 625 (p3-2-6-3): 11.6.3 Output Resistance Calculation 626 (p3-2-6-4): 11.6.4 Shunt-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Summary 629 (p3-2-7): 11.7 Series-Series Feedback —Transconductance Amplifiiers 630 (p3-2-7-1): 11.7.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 630 (p3-2-7-2): 11.7.2 Input Resistance Calculation 631 (p3-2-7-3): 11.7.3 Output Resistance Calculation 631 (p3-2-7-4): 11.7.4 Series-Series Feedback Amplifiier Summary 633 (p3-2-8): 11.8 Shunt-Series Feedback—Current Amplifiers 634 (p3-2-8-1): 11.8.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 635 (p3-2-8-2): 11.8.2 Input Resistance Calculation 635 (p3-2-8-3): 11.8.3 Output Resistance Calculation 635 (p3-2-8-4): 11.8.4 Series-Series Feedback Amplifiier Summary 638 (p3-2-9): 11.9 Finding the Loop Gain Using Successive Voltage and Current Injection 641 (p3-2-9-1): 11.9.1 Simplifications 641 (p3-2-10): 11.10 Distortion Reduction Through the Use of Feedback 642 (p3-2-11): 11.11 DC Error Sources and Output Range Limitations 643 (p3-2-11-1): 11.11.1 Input-Offset Voltage 644 (p3-2-11-2): 11.11.2 Offset-Voltage Adjustment 645 (p3-2-11-3): 11.11.3 Input-Bias and Offset Currents 647 (p3-2-11-4): 11.11.4 Output Voltage and Current Limits 650 (p3-2-12): 11.12 Common-Mode Rejection and Input Resistance 650 (p3-2-12-1): 11.12.1 Finite Common-Mode Rejection Ratio 651 (p3-2-12-2): 11.12.2 Why Is CMRR Important? 654 (p3-2-12-3): 11.12.3 Voltage-Follower Gain Error Due to CMRR 656 (p3-2-12-4): 11.12.4 Common-Mode Input Resistance 657 (p3-2-12-5): 11.12.5 An Alternate Interpretation of CMRR 657 (p3-2-12-6): 11.12.6 Power Supply Rejection Ratio 659 (p3-2-13): 11.13 Frequency Response and Bandwidth of Operational Amplifiers 661 (p3-2-13-1): 11.13.1 Frequency Response of the NoninvertingAmplifiier 664 (p3-2-13-2): 11.13.2 Inverting Amplifiier Frequency Response 666 (p3-2-13-3): 11.13.3 Using Feedback to Control Frequency Response 668 (p3-2-13-4): 11.13.4 Large-Signal Limitations—Slew Rate and Full-Power Bandwidth 669 (p3-2-13-5): 11.13.5 Macro Model for Operational Amplifier Frequency Response 670 (p3-2-13-6): 11.13.6 Complete Op Amp Macro Models in SPICE 670 (p3-2-13-7): 11.13.7 Examples of Commercial General-Purpose Operational Amplifiiers 671 (p3-2-14): 11.14 Stability of Feedback Amplifiers 671 (p3-2-14-1): 11.14.1 The Nyquist Plot 672 (p3-2-14-2): 11.14.2 First-Order Systems 673 (p3-2-14-3): 11.14.3 Second-Order Systems and Phase Margin 674 (p3-2-14-4): 11.14.4 Step Response and Phase Margin 677 (p3-2-14-5): 11.14.5 Third-Order Systems and Gain Margin 678 (p3-2-14-6): 11.14.6 Determining Stability from the Bode Plot 682 (p3-2-14-7): Summary 684 (p3-2-14-8): Key Terms 684 (p3-2-14-9): References 685 (p3-2-14-10): Problems 697 (p3-3): CHAPTER 12 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS 698 (p3-3-1): 12.1 Cascaded Amplifiiers 698 (p3-3-1-1): 12.1.1 Two-Port Representations 700 (p3-3-1-2): 12.1.2 Amplifiier Terminology Review 703 (p3-3-1-3): 12.1.3 Frequency Response of Cascaded Amplifiiers 711 (p3-3-2): 12.2 The Instrumentation Amplifiier 714 (p3-3-3): 12.3 Active Filters 714 (p3-3-3-1): 12.3.1 Low-Pass Filter 718 (p3-3-3-2): 12.3.2 A High-Pass Filter with Gain 720 (p3-3-3-3): 12.3.3 Band-Pass Filter 722 (p3-3-3-4): 12.3.4 The Tow-Thomas Biquad 726 (p3-3-3-5): 12.3.5 Sensitivity 727 (p3-3-3-6): 12.3.6 Magnitude and Frequency Scaling 728 (p3-3-4): 12.4 Switched-Capacitor Circuits 728 (p3-3-4-1): 12.4.1 A Switched-Capacitor Integrator 730 (p3-3-4-2): 12.4.2 Noninverting SC Integrator 732 (p3-3-4-3): 12.4.3 Switched-Capacitor Filters 733 (p3-3-5): 12.5 Digital-to-Analog Conversion 733 (p3-3-5-1): 12.5.1 D/A Converter Fundamentals 734 (p3-3-5-2): 12.5.2 D/A Converter Errors 737 (p3-3-5-3): 12.5.3 Digital-to-Analog Converter Circuits 740 (p3-3-6): 12.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 741 (p3-3-6-1): 12.6.1 A/D Converter Fundamentals 742 (p3-3-6-2): 12.6.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter Errors 743 (p3-3-6-3): 12.6.3 Basic A/D Conversion Techniques 754 (p3-3-7): 12.7 Oscillators 754 (p3-3-7-1): 12.7.1 The Barkhausen Criteria for Oscillation 755 (p3-3-7-2): 12.7.2 Oscillators Employing Frequency-Selective RC Networks 760 (p3-3-8): 12.8 Nonlinear Circuit Applications 760 (p3-3-8-1): 12.8.1 A Precision Half-Wave Rectifiier 761 (p3-3-8-2): 12.8.2 Nonsaturating Precision-Rectifiier Circuit 763 (p3-3-9): 12.9 Circuits Using Positive Feedback 763 (p3-3-9-1): 12.9.1 The Comparator and Schmitt Trigger 765 (p3-3-9-2): 12.9.2 The Astable Multivibrator 766 (p3-3-9-3): 12.9.3 The Monostable Multivibrator or One Shot 770 (p3-3-9-4): Summary 772 (p3-3-9-5): Key Terms 773 (p3-3-9-6): Additional Reading 773 (p3-3-9-7): Problems 786 (p3-4): CHAPTER 13 SMALL-SIGNAL MODELING AND LINEAR AMPLIFICATION 787 (p3-4-1): 13.1 The Transistor as an Amplifier 788 (p3-4-1-1): 13.1.1 The BJT Amplifier 789 (p3-4-1-2): 13.1.2 The MOSFET Amplifier 790 (p3-4-2): 13.2 Coupling and Bypass Capacitors 792 (p3-4-3): 13.3 Circuit Analysis Using dc and ac Equivalent Circuits 792 (p3-4-3-1): 13.3.1 Menu for dc and ac Analysis 796 (p3-4-4): 13.4 Introduction to Small-Signal Modeling 796 (p3-4-4-1): 13.4.1 Graphical Interpretation of the Small-Signal Behavior of the Diode 797 (p3-4-4-2): 13.4.2 Small-Signal Modeling of the Diode 799 (p3-4-5): 13.5 Small-Signal Models for Bipolar Junction Transistors 801 (p3-4-5-1): 13.5.1 The Hybrid-Pi Model 802 (p3-4-5-2): 13.5.2 Graphical Interpretation of the Transconductance 802 (p3-4-5-3): 13.5.3 Small-Signal Current Gain 803 (p3-4-5-4): 13.5.4 The Intrinsic Voltage Gain of the BJT 804 (p3-4-5-5): 13.5.5 Equivalent Forms of the Small-Signal Model 805 (p3-4-5-6): 13.5.6 Simplifiied Hybrid Pi Model 805 (p3-4-5-7): 13.5.7 Definition of a Small Signal for the Bipolar Transistor 807 (p3-4-5-8): 13.5.8 Small-Signal Model for the pnp Transistor 807 (p3-4-5-9): 13.5.9 ac Analysis Versus Transient Analysis in SPICE 808 (p3-4-6): 13.6 The Common-Emitter (C-E) Amplifier 809 (p3-4-6-1): 13.6.1 Terminal Voltage Gain 809 (p3-4-6-2): 13.6.2 Input Resistance 810 (p3-4-6-3): 13.6.3 Signal Source Voltage Gain 810 (p3-4-7): 13.7 Important Limits and Model Simplifications 810 (p3-4-7-1): 13.7.1 A Design Guide for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 812 (p3-4-7-2): 13.7.2 Upper Bound on the Common-Emitter Gain 812 (p3-4-7-3): 13.7.3 Small-Signal Limit for the Common-emitter Amplifier 815 (p3-4-8): 13.8 Small-Signal Models for Field-Effect Transistors 815 (p3-4-8-1): 13.8.1 Small-Signal Model for the MOSFET 817 (p3-4-8-2): 13.8.2 Intrinsic Voltage Gain of the MOSFET 817 (p3-4-8-3): 13.8.3 Defiinition of Small-Signal Operation for the MOSFET 818 (p3-4-8-4): 13.8.4 Body Effect in the Four-Terminal MOSFET 819 (p3-4-8-5): 13.8.5 Small-Signal Model for the PMOS Transistor 820 (p3-4-8-6): 13.8.6 Small-Signal Model for the Junction Field-Effect Transistor 821 (p3-4-9): 13.9 Summary and Comparison of the Small-Signal Models of the BJT and FET 824 (p3-4-10): 13.10 The Common-Source Amplifier 825 (p3-4-10-1): 13.10.1 Common-Source Terminal Voltage Gain 825 (p3-4-10-2): 13.10.2 Signal Source Voltage Gain for the Common-Source Amplifier 826 (p3-4-10-3): 13.10.3 A Design Guide for the Common-Source Amplifier 827 (p3-4-10-4): 13.10.4 Small-Signal Limit for the Common-Source Amplifier 829 (p3-4-10-5): 13.10.5 Input Resistances of the Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifiers 832 (p3-4-10-6): 13.10.6
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English [en] · PDF · 440.6MB · 2011 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/duxiu/zlibzh · Save
base score: 11068.0, final score: 1.6748776
lgli/D:\!genesis\library.nu\2e\_13527.2edb34090142d529d1c16891c7b3e4ae.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits: includes CD-ROM (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) Adel S. Sedra; Kenneth Carless Smith Oxford University Press, Incorporated, The Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., New York, New York State, 2004
This market-leading textbook continues its standard of excellence and innovation built on the solid pedagogical foundation that instructors expect from Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. All material in the fifth edition of Microelectronic Circuits is thoroughly updated to reflect changes in technology-CMOS technology in particular. These technological changes have shaped the book's organization and topical coverage, making it the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits. Features of the Fifth Edition ·Streamlined Organizational Structure: The "must-cover" topics are placed first in each chapter; the more specialized material appears last. The first five chapters, Part I, are organized to form a coherent single-semester introductory course. Similarly, the next five chapters, Part II, present a body of material for a second one-semester course. The final four chapters, Part III, contain significant topics that can be used as enhancements or substitutes for some of the material in earlier chapters as well as resources for project or thesis work. ·MOSFETs and BJTs: Chapter 4 (MOSFETs) and Chapter 5 (BJTs) are completely rewritten. The MOSFET coverage is placed first but the two devices can be covered in any desired order. ·IC MOS and Bipolar Amplifiers: Chapter 6 (Single-Stage Integrated-Circuit Amplifiers) and Chapter 7 (Differential and Multistage Amplifiers) are completely rewritten to introduce IC MOS and bipolar amplifiers in an accessible, systematic way. ·Amplifier Frequency Response: Amplifier frequency response is now presented where needed (a "just-in-time" approach). This includes brief coverage of the frequency responses of the common-source and common-emitter amplifiers in Chapters 4 and 5, respectively. Enhanced Student Support ·A new CD--packaged with every text--includes a free student version of PSpice 9.2 Lite Edition (SPICE simulator) and new industry-based design examples. ·Revised summary sections and many more summary tables are presented. ·Numerous new and varied review exercises and end-of-chapter problems are provided in addition to more SPICE examples with schematic captures. ·An accompanying website (http://www.sedrasmith.org) features: --SPICE Models --Links to industry and academic sites of related interest Enhanced Instructor Support ·An Instructor's Manual with Transparency Masters contains solutions to all in-text exercises and end-of-chapter problems plus hard copy masters of transparency acetates. (978-0-19-517268-3) ·PowerPoint Overheads on CD contain all of the figures with captions from the main text.
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English [en] · PDF · 318.9MB · 2004 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 1.6748599
ia/microelectronicc0000unse.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits 5th International Students Edition Adel S. Sedra; Kenneth Carless Smith IRL Press at Oxford University Press, The Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 5th ed., International student edition [First Indian Ed, New York, 2006
1283 Seiten :
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English [en] · PDF · 78.7MB · 2006 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/ia · Save
base score: 11068.0, final score: 1.6748402
30 partial matches
upload/misc/worldtracker.org/Science/Electronics/Sedra - Microelectronic Circuits 5th Ed. - Solution Manual.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits. - Solution Manual Sedra 5th Ed
English [en] · PDF · 34.4MB · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 51.006744
upload/emo37c/2024-10-21/content/Sedra_Smith - Microelectronic Circuits 7th Edition 2015/Sedra_Smith - Microelectronic Circuits 7th Edition 2015.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits 7th Edition 2015 Sedra/Smith
This market-leading textbook remains the standard of excellence and innovation. Built on Adel S. Sedra's and Kenneth C. Smith's solid pedagogical foundation, the seventh edition of Microelectronic Circuits is the best yet. In addition to updated content and coverage designed to reflect changes in IC technology, the text also provides the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today. Amply illustrated by a wealth of examples and complemented by an expanded number of well-designed end-of-chapter problems and practice exercises, Microelectronic Circuits is the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits.» BRIEF CONTENTS: PART I - DEVICES AND BASIC CIRCUITS .1. Signals and Amplifiers .2. Operational Amplifiers .3. Semiconductors .4. Diodes .5. MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) .6. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) .7. Transistor Amplifiers PART II - INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT AMPLIFIERS .8. Building Blocks of Integrated-Circuit Amplifiers .9. Differential and Multistage Amplifiers .10. Frequency Response .11. Feedback .12. Output Stages and Power Amplifiers .13. Operational Amplifier Circuits PART III - DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS .14. CMOS Digital Logic Circuits .15. Advanced Topics in Digital Integrated-Circuit Design .16. Memory Circuits PART IV - FILTERS AND OSCILLATORS .17. Filters and Tuned Amplifiers .18. Signal Generators and Waveform-Shaping Circuits APPENDICES: - A: VLSI Fabrication Technology - B: SPICE Device Models and Design and Simulation Examples Using PSpice and Multisim - C: Two-Port Network Parameters - D: Some Useful Network Theorems - E: Single-Time-Constant Circuits - F: s-Domain Analysis: Poles, Zeroes, and Bode Plots - G: Comparison of the MOSFET and the BJT - H: Design of Stagger-Tuned Amplifiers - I: Bibliography - J: Standard Resistance Values and Unit Prefixes - K: Typical Parameter Values for IC Devices Fabricated in CMOS and Bipolar Processes - L: ANSWERS to Selected Problems INDEX Bonus Topics (JFET, TTL) Additional Material (ECL, BiCMOS) SPICE Examples (+ WEB link) Data Sheets (WEB link)
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base score: 10954.0, final score: 42.103348
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/0a44e1cfb224ce4f9619b7da5391e594.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) 7th edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press ; Oxford University Press, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7, 2014
This market-leading textbook remains the standard of excellence and innovation. Built on Adel S. Sedra's and Kenneth C. Smith's solid pedagogical foundation, the seventh edition of __Microelectronic Circuits__ is the best yet. In addition to updated content and coverage designed to reflect changes in IC technology, the text also provides the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today. Amply illustrated by a wealth of examples and complemented by an expanded number of well-designed end-of-chapter problems and practice exercises, __Microelectronic Circuits__ is the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits.
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English [en] · PDF · 30.3MB · 2014 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 39.527477
nexusstc/Instructor’s solution manual for Microelectronic Circuits/64d882669faf020a3bfbe527b100b014.pdf
Instructor’s solution manual for Microelectronic Circuits Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Tonny Chan Carusone, Vincent Gaudet Oxford University Press, 8th. international edition, 8, 2021
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16
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English [en] · PDF · 44.8MB · 2021 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 39.50083
nexusstc/Electronics Microelectronic Circuits/a55bae8df4074eea8fadd677ea9ed17d.pdf
Electronics Microelectronic Circuits Oxford University Press, USA, 5, 2003
English [en] · PDF · 5.8MB · 2003 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11060.0, final score: 37.99011
nexusstc/Chegg Solutions for Microelectronic Circuits/12d37e6c9c49db7ba3df047045abe9ff.pdf
Chegg Solutions for Microelectronic Circuits 7th edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press ; Oxford University Press, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7th edition, 2014
Note: This is only the Chegg solutions for the book problems and NOT the actual textbookNOT ALL SOLUTIONS INCLUDED
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English [en] · PDF · 8.9MB · 2014 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 37.348587
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/7fdc0f0493a15fa8876c84b606d58400.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) 7th edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press ; Oxford University Press, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7, 2014
This market-leading textbook remains the standard of excellence and innovation. Built on Adel S. Sedra's and Kenneth C. Smith's solid pedagogical foundation, the seventh edition of __Microelectronic Circuits__ is the best yet. In addition to updated content and coverage designed to reflect changes in IC technology, the text also provides the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today. Amply illustrated by a wealth of examples and complemented by an expanded number of well-designed end-of-chapter problems and practice exercises, __Microelectronic Circuits__ is the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits.
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English [en] · PDF · 31.1MB · 2014 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 36.763344
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/6f0e46fe435c70b7663da9b9e157a988.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth Carless Smith, Tony Chan Carusone, Vincent Gaudet Oxford University Press, Incorporated; Oxford University Press, The Oxford Series In Electrical And Computer Engineering, 8th Edition, 2020
"Microelectronic Circuits by Sedra and Smith has served generations of electrical and computer engineering students as the best and most widely-used text for this required course. Respected equally as a textbook and reference, "Sedra/Smith" combines a thorough presentation of fundamentals with an introduction to present-day IC technology. It remains the best text for helping students progress from circuit analysis to circuit design, developing design skills and insights that are essential to successful practice in the field. Significantly revised with the input of two new coauthors, slimmed down, and updated with the latest innovations, Microelectronic Circuits, Eighth Edition, remains the gold standard in providing the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today."-- Résumé de l'éditeur
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English [en] · PDF · 281.1MB · 2020 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 36.172665
ia/spiceformicroele0000sedr.pdf
Spice for Microelectronic circuits, third edition, by Sedra/Smith Adel S Sedra; Gordon W Roberts; Kenneth Carless Smith Saunders College Pub.; Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, HRW series in electrical engineering, 3rd ed, Philadelphia P.A. ; Montréal, ©1991-©1992
xiii, 630 pages : 28 cm Includes bibliographical references " ... keying each example of this text to those presented in Microelectronic Circuits, Third Edition, by Sedra and Smith, "--Page iv
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English [en] · PDF · 31.8MB · 1992 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/ia · Save
base score: 11068.0, final score: 36.132782
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/78ebaba9edd49cab195fd40542bc7c58.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) 7th edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press ; Oxford University Press, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7th edition, 7, 2014
This Market-leading Textbook Remains The Standard Of Excellence And Innovation. Built On Adel S. Sedra's And Kenneth C. Smith's Solid Pedagogical Foundation, The Seventh Edition Of Microelectronic Circuits Is The Best Yet. In Addition To Updated Content And Coverage Designed To Reflect Changes In Ic Technology, The Text Also Provides The Most Comprehensive, Flexible, Accurate, And Design-oriented Treatment Of Electronic Circuits Available Today. Amply Illustrated By A Wealth Of Examples And Complemented By An Expanded Number Of Well-designed End-of-chapter Problems And Practice Exercises, Microelectronic Circuits Is The Most Current Resource Available For Teaching Tomorrow's Engineers How To Analyze And Design Electronic Circuits. -- Publisher's Description Part I: Devices And Basic Circuits -- 1. Signals And Amplifiers -- 2. Operational Amplifiers -- 3. Semiconductors -- 4. Diodes -- 5. Mos Field-effect Transistors (mosfets) -- 6. Bipolar Junction Transistors (bjts) -- 7. Transistor Amplifiers -- Part Ii: Integrated-circuit Amplifiers -- 8. Building Blocks Of Integrated-circuit Amplifiers -- 9. Differential And Multistage Amplifiers -- 10. Frequency Response -- 11. Feedback -- 12. Output Stages And Power Amplifiers -- 13. Operational Amplifier Circuits -- Part Iii: Digital Integrated Circuits -- 14. Cmos Digital Logic Circuits -- 15. Advanced Mos And Bipolar Logic Circuits -- 16. Memory Circuits -- Part Iv: Filters And Oscillators -- 17. Filters And Tuned Amplifiers -- 18. Signal Generators And Waveform-shaping Circuits -- Appendices --a. Vlsi Fabrication Technology (on Website) -- B. Spice Device Models And Design And Simulation Examples Using Pspice And Multisim (on Website) -- C. Two-port Network Parameters (on Website) -- D. Some Useful Network Theorems (on Website) -- E. Single-time-constant Circuits (on Website) -- F. S-domain Analysis: Poles, Zeros, And Bode Plots (on Website) -- G. Comparison Of The Mosfet And The Bjt (on Website, Also Table G.3 In Text) -- H. Design Of Stagger-tuned Amplifiers (on Website) -- I. Bibliography (on Website) -- J. Standard Resistance Values And Unit Prefixes -- K. Typical Parameter Values For Ic Devices Fabricated In Cmos And Bipolar Processes -- L. Answers To Selected Problems. Adel S. Sedra, University Of Waterloo, Kenneth C. Smith, University Of Toronto. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.
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English [en] · PDF · 29.0MB · 2014 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 36.107307
Microelectronic Circuits 5th - Solution Manual Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith 2004
PDF · 34.6MB · 2004 · 📗 Book (unknown) · 🚀/zlib · Save
base score: 11053.0, final score: 36.03959
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuit Design ISE/b3459cb660dd8692e8f76cbc0f2d08a3.epub
Microelectronic Circuit Design, 6th Edition Richard C. Jaeger Professor of Electrical Engineering, Travis Blalock McGraw-Hill US Higher Ed ISE, 6th, 2022
Microelectronic Circuit Design presents a balanced coverage of analog and digital circuits. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the basic techniques of modern electronic circuit design, analog and digital, discrete and integrated. A broad spectrum of topics is included, and material can easily be selected to satisfy either a two-semester or three quarter sequence in electronics. This title is available in Connect, featuring SmartBook 2.0, eBook, and homework problems. Instructor Resources available for this title include: Solutions Manual and PPTs.
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English [en] · EPUB · 68.8MB · 2022 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 35.54158
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuit Design/d389c16451ec0f3ad7cb7201216d0d4f.pdf
ISE Microelectronic Circuit Design (ISE HED IRWIN ELEC&COMPUTER ENGINERING) RICHARD. BLALOCK JAEGER (TRAVIS.), Richard C. Jaeger, Travis Blalock McGraw-Hill Education, 6, 2023
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedications Brief Contents Contents Preface Chapter-by-Chapter Summary PART ONE SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS AND DEVICES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS 1.1 A Brief History of Electronics: From Vacuum Tubes to Giga-Scale Integration 1.2 Classification of Electronic Signals 1.2.1 Digital Signals 1.2.2 Analog Signals 1.2.3 A/D and D/A Converters—Bridging the Analog and Digital Domains 1.3 Notational Conventions 1.4 Problem-Solving Approach 1.5 Important Concepts from Circuit Theory 1.5.1 Voltage and Current Division 1.5.2 Thévenin and Norton Circuit Representations 1.6 Frequency Spectrum of Electronic Signals 1.7 Amplifiers 1.7.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 1.7.2 Amplifier Frequency Response 1.8 Element Variations in Circuit Design 1.8.1 Mathematical Modeling of Tolerances 1.8.2 Worst-Case Analysis 1.8.3 Monte Carlo Analysis 1.8.4 Temperature Coefficients 1.9 Numeric Precision Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 2 SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 2.1 Solid-State Electronic Materials 2.2 Covalent Bond Model 2.3 Drift Currents and Mobility in Semiconductors 2.3.1 Drift Currents 2.3.2 Mobility 2.3.3 Velocity Saturation 2.4 Resistivity of Intrinsic Silicon 2.5 Impurities in Semiconductors 2.5.1 Donor Impurities in Silicon 2.5.2 Acceptor Impurities in Silicon 2.6 Electron and Hole Concentrations in Doped Semiconductors 2.6.1 n-Type Material (ND > NA) 2.6.2 p-Type Material (NA > ND) 2.7 Mobility and Resistivity in Doped Semiconductors 2.8 Diffusion Currents 2.9 Total Current 2.10 Energy Band Model 2.10.1 Electron—Hole Pair Generation in an Intrinsic Semiconductor 2.10.2 Energy Band Model for a Doped Semiconductor 2.10.3 Compensated Semiconductors 2.11 Overview of Integrated Circuit Fabrication Summary Key Terms Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 3 SOLID-STATE DIODES AND DIODE CIRCUITS 3.1 The pn Junction Diode 3.1.1 pn Junction Electrostatics 3.1.2 Internal Diode Currents 3.2 The i-v Characteristics of the Diode 3.3 The Diode Equation: A Mathematical Model for the Diode 3.4 Diode Characteristics Under Reverse, Zero, and Forward Bias 3.4.1 Reverse Bias 3.4.2 Zero Bias 3.4.3 Forward Bias 3.5 Diode Temperature Coefficient 3.6 Diodes Under Reverse Bias 3.6.1 Saturation Current in Real Diodes 3.6.2 Reverse Breakdown 3.6.3 Diode Model for the Breakdown Region 3.7 pn Junction Capacitance 3.7.1 Reverse Bias 3.7.2 Forward Bias 3.8 Schottky Barrier Diode 3.9 SPICE Model and Layout for a Diode 3.9.1 Diode Layout 3.10 Diode Circuit Analysis 3.10.1 Load-Line Analysis 3.10.2 Analysis Using the Mathematical Model for the Diode 3.10.3 The Ideal Diode Model 3.10.4 Constant Voltage Drop Model 3.10.5 Model Comparison and Discussion 3.11 Multiple-Diode Circuits 3.12 Analysis of Diodes Operating in the Breakdown Region 3.12.1 Load-Line Analysis 3.12.2 Analysis with the Piecewise Linear Model 3.12.3 Voltage Regulation 3.12.4 Analysis Including Zener Resistance 3.12.5 Line and Load Regulation 3.13 Half-Wave Rectifier Circuits 3.13.1 Half-Wave Rectifier with Resistor Load 3.13.2 Rectifier Filter Capacitor 3.13.3 Half-Wave Rectifier with RC Load 3.13.4 Ripple Voltage and Conduction Interval 3.13.5 Diode Current 3.13.6 Surge Current 3.13.7 Peak-Inverse-Voltage (PIV) Rating 3.13.8 Diode Power Dissipation 3.13.9 Half-Wave Rectifier with Negative Output Voltage 3.14 Full-Wave Rectifier Circuits 3.14.1 Full-Wave Rectifier with Negative Output Voltage 3.15 Full-Wave Bridge Rectification 3.16 Rectifier Comparison and Design Tradeoffs 3.17 Dynamic Switching Behavior of the Diode 3.18 Photo Diodes, Solar Cells, and Light-Emitting Diodes 3.18.1 Photo Diodes and Photodetectors 3.18.2 Power Generation from Solar Cells 3.18.3 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Summary Key Terms Reference Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 4 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 4.1 Physical Structure of the Bipolar Transistor 4.2 The Transport Model for the npn Transistor 4.2.1 Forward Characteristics 4.2.2 Reverse Characteristics 4.2.3 Complete Transport Model Equations for Arbitrary Bias Conditions 4.3 The pnp Transistor 4.4 Equivalent Circuit Representations for the Transport Models 4.4.1 Another Look at the Forward-Active Region 4.5 The i-v Characteristics of the Bipolar Transistor 4.5.1 Output Characteristics 4.5.2 Transfer Characteristics 4.6 The Operating Regions of the Bipolar Transistor 4.7 Transport Model Simplifications 4.7.1 Simplified Model for the Cutoff Region 4.7.2 Model Simplifications for the Forward-Active Region 4.7.3 Diodes in Bipolar Integrated Circuits 4.7.4 Simplified Model for the Reverse-Active Region 4.7.5 Modeling Operation in the Saturation Region 4.8 Nonideal Behavior of the Bipolar Transistor 4.8.1 Junction Breakdown Voltages 4.8.2 Minority-Carrier Transport in the Base Region 4.8.3 Base Transit Time 4.8.4 Diffusion Capacitance 4.8.5 Frequency Dependence of the Common-Emitter Current Gain 4.8.6 The Early Effect and Early Voltage 4.8.7 Modeling the Early Effect 4.8.8 Origin of the Early Effect 4.9 Transconductance 4.10 Bipolar Technology and SPICE Model 4.10.1 Qualitative Description 4.10.2 Spice Model Equations 4.10.3 High-Performance Bipolar Transistors 4.11 Practical Bias Circuits for the BJT 4.11.1 Four-Resistor Bias Network 4.11.2 Design Objectives for the Four-Resistor Bias Network 4.11.3 Iterative Analysis of the Four-Resistor Bias Circuit 4.12 Tolerances in Bias Circuits 4.12.1 Worst-Case Analysis 4.12.2 Monte Carlo Analysis Summary Key Terms References Additional Readings Problems CHAPTER 5 FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 5.1 Characteristics of the MOS Capacitor 5.1.1 Accumulation Region 5.1.2 Depletion Region 5.1.3 Inversion Region 5.2 The NMOS Transistor 5.2.1 Qualitative i-v Behavior of the NMOS Transistor 5.2.2 Triode Region Characteristics of the NMOS Transistor 5.2.3 On Resistance 5.2.4 Transconductance 5.2.5 Saturation of the i-v Characteristics 5.2.6 Mathematical Model in the Saturation (Pinch-Off) Region 5.2.7 Transconductance in Saturation 5.2.8 Transconductance Efficiency in Saturation 5.2.9 Channel-Length Modulation 5.2.10 Transfer Characteristics and Depletion-Mode MOSFETs 5.2.11 Body Effect or Substrate Sensitivity 5.3 PMOS Transistors 5.4 MOSFET Circuit Symbols 5.5 MOS Transistor Symmetry 5.5.1 The One-Transistor Dram Cell 5.5.2 Data Storage in the 1-T Cell 5.5.3 Reading Data from the 1-T Cell 5.6 CMOS Technology 5.6.1 CMOS Voltage Transfer Characteristics 5.7 CMOS Latchup 5.8 Capacitances in MOS Transistors 5.8.1 NMOS Transistor Capacitances in the Triode Region 5.8.2 Capacitances in the Saturation Region 5.8.3 Capacitances in Cutoff 5.9 MOSFET Modeling in SPICE 5.10 MOS Transistor Scaling 5.10.1 Drain Current 5.10.2 Gate Capacitance 5.10.3 Circuit and Power Densities 5.10.4 Power-Delay Product 5.10.5 Cutoff Frequency 5.10.6 High Field Limitations 5.10.7 The Unified MOS Transistor Model, Including High Field Limitations 5.10.8 Subthreshold Conduction 5.11 All Region Modeling 5.11.1 Interpolation Model 5.11.2 Interpolation Model in the Saturation Region 5.11.3 Transconductance Efficiency 5.12 MOS Transistor Fabrication and Layout Design Rules 5.12.1 Minimum Feature Size and Alignment Tolerance 5.12.2 MOS Transistor Layout 5.12.3 CMOS Inverter Layout 5.13 Advanced CMOS Technologies 5.14 Biasing the NMOS Field-Effect Transistor 5.14.1 Why Do We Need Bias 5.14.2 Four-Resistor Biasing 5.14.3 Constant Gate-Source Voltage Bias 5.14.4 Graphical Analysis for the Q-Point 5.14.5 Analysis Including Body Effect 5.14.6 Analysis Using the Unified Model 5.14.7 NMOS Circuit Analysis Comparisons 5.14.8 Two-Resistor Bias 5.15 Biasing the PMOS Field-Effect Transistor 5.16 Biasing the CMOS Inverter as an Amplifier 5.17 The CMOS Transmission Gate 5.18 The Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET 5.18.1 The JFET with Bias Applied 5.18.2 JFET Channel with Drain-Source Bias 5.18.3 n-Channel JFET i-v Characteristics 5.18.4 The p-Channel JFET 5.18.5 Circuit Symbols and JFET Model Summary 5.18.6 JFET Capacitances 5.19 JFET Modeling in SPICE 5.20 Biasing the JFET and Depletion- Mode MOSFET Summary Key Terms References Additional Readings Problems PART TWO ANALOG ELECTRONICS CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO AMPLIFIERS 6.1 An Example of an Analog Electronic System 6.2 Amplification 6.2.1 Voltage Gain 6.2.2 Current Gain 6.2.3 Power Gain 6.2.4 Location of the Amplifier 6.2.5 The Decibel Scale 6.3 Two-Port Models for Amplifiers 6.3.1 The g-Parameters 6.4 Mismatched Source and Load Resistances 6.5 The Differential Amplifier 6.5.1 Differential Amplifier Voltage Transfer Characteristic 6.5.2 Voltage Gain 6.6 Distortion in Amplifiers 6.7 Differential Amplifier Model 6.8 Amplifier Frequency Response 6.8.1 Bode Plots 6.8.2 The Low-Pass Amplifier 6.8.3 The High-Pass Amplifier 6.8.4 Band-Pass Amplifiers Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 7 THE TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER 7.1 The Transistor as an Amplifier 7.1.1 The BJT Amplifier 7.1.2 The MOSFET Amplifier 7.2 Coupling and Bypass Capacitors 7.3 Circuit Analysis Using dc and ac Equivalent Circuits 7.3.1 Menu for dc and ac Analysis 7.4 Introduction to Small-Signal Modeling 7.4.1 Graphical Interpretation of the Small- Signal Behavior of the Diode 7.4.2 Small-Signal Modeling of the Diode 7.5 Small-Signal Models for Bipolar Junction Transistors 7.5.1 The Hybrid-Pi Model 7.5.2 Graphical Interpretation of the Transconductance 7.5.3 Small-Signal Current Gain 7.5.4 The Intrinsic Voltage Gain of the BJT 7.5.5 Equivalent Forms of the Small-Signal Model 7.5.6 Simplified Hybrid-Pi Model 7.5.7 Definition of a Small Signal for the Bipolar Transistor 7.5.8 Small-Signal Model for the pnp Transistor 7.5.9 ac Analysis versus Transient Analysis in SPICE 7.6 The Common-Emitter (C-E) Amplifier 7.6.1 Terminal Voltage Gain 7.6.2 Input Resistance 7.6.3 Signal Source Voltage Gain 7.7 Important Limits and Model Simplifications 7.7.1 A Design Guide for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 7.7.2 Upper Bound on the Common-Emitter Gain 7.7.3 Small-Signal Limit for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 7.8 Small-Signal Models for Field-Effect Transistors 7.8.1 Small-Signal Model for the MOSFET 7.8.2 Intrinsic Voltage Gain of the MOSFET 7.8.3 Definition of Small-Signal Operation for the MOSFET 7.8.4 Body Effect in the Four-Terminal MOSFET 7.8.5 Small-Signal Model for the PMOS Transistor 7.8.6 Small-Signal Modeling for MOS Transistors in Weak Inversion 7.8.7 Small-Signal Model for the Junction Field-Effect Transistor 7.9 Summary and Comparison of the Small-Signal Models of the BJT and FET 7.10 The Common-Source (C-S) Amplifier 7.10.1 Common-Source Terminal Voltage Gain 7.10.2 Signal Source Voltage Gain for the Common-Source Amplifier 7.10.3 A Design Guide for the Common-Source Amplifier 7.10.4 Small-Signal Limit for the Common- Source Amplifier 7.10.5 Input Resistances of the Common- Emitter and Common-Source Amplifiers 7.10.6 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Output Resistances 7.10.7 Comparison of the Three Amplifier Examples 7.11 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifier Summary 7.11.1 Guidelines for Neglecting the Transistor Output Resistance 7.12 Amplifier Power and Signal Range 7.12.1 Power Dissipation 7.12.2 Signal Range Summary Key Terms Reference Problems CHAPTER 8 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER BUILDING BLOCKS 8.1 Amplifier Classification 8.1.1 Signal Injection and Extraction—The BJT 8.1.2 Signal Injection and Extraction—The FET 8.1.3 Common-Emitter (C-E) and Common-Source (C-S) Amplifiers 8.1.4 Common-Collector (C-C) and Common-Drain (C-D) Topologies 8.1.5 Common-Base (C-B) and Common-Gate (C-G) Amplifiers 8.1.6 Small-Signal Model Review 8.2 Inverting Amplifiers—Common-Emitter and Common-Source Circuits 8.2.1 The Common-Emitter (C-E) Amplifier 8.2.2 Common-Emitter Example Comparison 8.2.3 The Common-Source Amplifier 8.2.4 Small-Signal Limit for the Common-Source Amplifier 8.2.5 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifier Characteristics 8.2.6 C-E/C-S Amplifier Summary 8.2.7 Equivalent Transistor Representation of the Generalized C-E/C-S Transistor 8.3 Follower Circuits—Common-Collector and Common-Drain Amplifiers 8.3.1 Terminal Voltage Gain 8.3.2 Input Resistance 8.3.3 Signal Source Voltage Gain 8.3.4 Follower Signal Range 8.3.5 Follower Output Resistance 8.3.6 Current Gain 8.3.7 C-C/C-D Amplifier Summary 8.4 Noninverting Amplifiers—Common-Base and Common-Gate Circuits 8.4.1 Terminal Voltage Gain and Input Resistance 8.4.2 Signal Source Voltage Gain 8.4.3 Input Signal Range 8.4.4 Resistance at the Collector and Drain Terminals 8.4.5 Current Gain 8.4.6 Overall Input and Output Resistances for the Noninverting Amplifiers 8.4.7 C-B/C-G Amplifier Summary 8.5 Amplifier Prototype Review and Comparison 8.5.1 The BJT Amplifiers 8.5.2 The FET Amplifiers 8.6 Common-Source Amplifiers Using MOS Transistor Loads 8.6.1 Voltage Gain Estimate 8.6.2 Detailed Analysis 8.6.3 Alternative Loads 8.6.4 Input and Output Resistances 8.7 Coupling and Bypass Capacitor Design 8.7.1 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifiers 8.7.2 Common-Collector and Common-Drain Amplifiers 8.7.3 Common-Base and Common-Gate Amplifiers 8.7.4 Setting Lower Cutoff Frequency fL 8.8 Amplifier Design Examples 8.8.1 Monte Carlo Evaluation of the Common- Base Amplifier Design 8.9 Multistage ac-Coupled Amplifiers 8.9.1 A Three-Stage ac-Coupled Amplifier 8.9.2 Voltage Gain 8.9.3 Input Resistance 8.9.4 Signal Source Voltage Gain 8.9.5 Output Resistance 8.9.6 Current and Power Gain 8.9.7 Input Signal Range 8.9.8 Estimating the Lower Cutoff Frequency of the Multistage Amplifier 8.10 Introduction to dc-Coupled Amplifiers 8.10.1 A dc-Coupled Three-Stage Amplifier 8.10.2 Two Transistor dc-Coupled Amplifiers Summary Key Terms Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 9 AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE 9.1 Amplifier Frequency Response 9.1.1 Low-Frequency Response 9.1.2 Estimating ωL in the Absence of a Dominant Pole 9.1.3 High-Frequency Response 9.1.4 Estimating ωH in the Absence of a Dominant Pole 9.2 Direct Determination of the Low-Frequency Poles and Zeros—The Common-Source Amplifier 9.3 Estimation of ωL Using the Short-Circuit Time-Constant Method 9.3.1 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 9.3.2 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Source Amplifier 9.3.3 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Base Amplifier 9.3.4 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Gate Amplifier 9.3.5 Estimate of ωL for the Common- Collector Amplifier 9.3.6 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Drain Amplifier 9.4 Transistor Models at High Frequencies 9.4.1 Frequency-Dependent Hybrid-Pi Model for the Bipolar Transistor 9.4.2 Modeling Cp and Cµ in SPICE 9.4.3 Unity-Gain Frequency fT 9.4.4 High-Frequency Model for the FET 9.4.5 Modeling C G S and C G D in SPICE 9.4.6 Channel Length Dependence of fT 9.4.7 Limitations of the High-Frequency Models 9.5 Base and Gate Resistances in the Small-Signal Models 9.5.1 Effect of Base and Gate Resistances on Midband Amplifiers 9.6 High-Frequency Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifier Analysis 9.6.1 The Miller Effect 9.6.2 Common-Emitter and Common- Source Amplifier High-Frequency Response 9.6.3 Direct Analysis of the Common-Emitter Transfer Characteristic 9.6.4 Poles of the Common-Emitter Amplifier 9.6.5 Dominant Pole for the Common-Source Amplifier 9.6.6 Estimation of . H Using the Open-Circuit Time-Constant Method 9.6.7 Common-Source Amplifier with Source Degeneration Resistance 9.6.8 Poles of the Common-Emitter with Emitter Degeneration Resistance 9.7 Common-Base and Common-Gate Amplifier High-Frequency Response 9.8 Common-Collector and Common-Drain Amplifier High-Frequency Response 9.9 Single-Stage Amplifier High-Frequency Response Summary 9.9.1 Amplifier Gain-Bandwidth (GBW) Limitations 9.10 Frequency Response of Multistage Amplifiers 9.10.1 Differential Amplifier 9.10.2 The Common-Collector/ Common-Base Cascade 9.10.3 High-Frequency Response of the Cascode Amplifier 9.10.4 Cutoff Frequency for the Current Mirror 9.10.5 Three-Stage Amplifier Example 9.11 Introduction to Radio Frequency Circuits 9.11.1 Radio Frequency Amplifiers 9.11.2 The Shunt-Peaked Amplifier 9.11.3 Single-Tuned Amplifier 9.11.4 Use of a Tapped Inductor—the Auto Transformer 9.11.5 Multiple Tuned Circuits—Synchronous and Stagger Tuning 9.11.6 Common-Source Amplifier with Inductive Degeneration 9.12 Mixers and Balanced Modulators 9.12.1 Introduction to Mixer Operation 9.12.2 A Single-Balanced Mixer 9.12.3 The Differential Pair as a Single-Balanced Mixer 9.12.4 A Double-Balanced Mixer 9.12.5 The Jones Mixer—a Double-Balanced Mixer/Modulator Summary Key Terms References Problems PART THREE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND FEEDBACK CHAPTER 10 IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 10.1 Ideal Differential and Operational Amplifiers 10.1.1 Assumptions for Ideal Operational Amplifier Analysis 10.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Operational Amplifiers 10.2.1 The Inverting Amplifier 10.2.2 The Transresistance Amplifier—a Current-to-Voltage Converter 10.2.3 The Noninverting Amplifier 10.2.4 The Unity-Gain Buffer, or Voltage Follower 10.2.5 The Summing Amplifier 10.2.6 The Difference Amplifier 10.3 Frequency Dependent Feedback 10.3.1 An Active Low-Pass Filter 10.3.2 An Active High-Pass Filter 10.3.3 The Integrator 10.3.4 The Differentiator Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 11 NONIDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER STABILITY 11.1 Classic Feedback Systems 11.1.1 Closed-Loop Gain Analysis 11.1.2 Gain Error 11.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Nonideal Operational Amplifiers 11.2.1 Finite Open-Loop Gain 11.2.2 Nonzero Output Resistance 11.2.3 Finite Input Resistance 11.2.4 Summary of Nonideal Inverting and Noninverting Amplifiers 11.3 Series and Shunt Feedback Circuits 11.3.1 Feedback Amplifier Categories 11.3.2 Voltage Amplifiers—Series-Shunt Feedback 11.3.3 Transimpedance Amplifiers—Shunt-Shunt Feedback 11.3.4 Current Amplifiers—Shunt-Series Feedback 11.3.5 Transconductance Amplifiers—Series-Series Feedback 11.4 Unified Approach to Feedback Amplifier Gain Calculations 11.4.1 Closed-Loop Gain Analysis 11.4.2 Resistance Calculations Using Blackman’s Theorem 11.5 Series-Shunt Feedback—Voltage Amplifiers 11.5.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.5.2 Input Resistance Calculations 11.5.3 Output Resistance Calculations 11.5.4 Series-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.6 Shunt-Shunt Feedback—Transresistance Amplifiers 11.6.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.6.2 Input Resistance Calculations 11.6.3 Output Resistance Calculations 11.6.4 Shunt-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.7 Series-Series Feedback—Transconductance Amplifiers 11.7.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.7.2 Input Resistance Calculation 11.7.3 Output Resistance Calculation 11.7.4 Series-Series Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.8 Shunt-Series Feedback—Current Amplifiers 11.8.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.8.2 Input Resistance Calculation 11.8.3 Output Resistance Calculation 11.8.4 Shunt-Series Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.9 Finding the Loop Gain Using Successive Voltage and Current Injection 11.9.1 Simplifications 11.10 Distortion Reduction through the Use of Feedback 11.11 DC Error Sources and Output Range Limitations 11.11.1 Input-Offset Voltage 11.11.2 Offset-Voltage Adjustment 11.11.3 Input-Bias and Offset Currents 11.11.4 Output Voltage and Current Limits 11.12 Common-Mode Rejection and Input Resistance 11.12.1 Finite Common-Mode Rejection Ratio 11.12.2 Why Is CMRR Important 11.12.3 Voltage-Follower Gain Error Due to CMRR 11.12.4 Common-Mode Input Resistance 11.12.5 An Alternate Interpretation of CMRR 11.12.6 Power Supply Rejection Ratio 11.13 Frequency Response and Bandwidth of Operational Amplifiers 11.13.1 Frequency Response of the Noninverting Amplifier 11.13.2 Inverting Amplifier Frequency Response 11.13.3 Using Feedback to Control Frequency Response 11.13.4 Large-Signal Limitations—Slew Rate and Full-Power Bandwidth 11.13.5 Macro Model for Operational Amplifier Frequency Response 11.13.6 Complete Op Amp Macro Models in SPICE 11.13.7 Examples of Commercial General-Purpose Operational Amplifiers 11.14 Stability of Feedback Amplifiers 11.14.1 The Nyquist Plot 11.14.2 First-Order Systems 11.14.3 Second-Order Systems and Phase Margin 11.14.4 Step Response and Phase Margin 11.14.5 Third-Order Systems and Gain Margin 11.14.6 Determining Stability from the Bode Plot Summary Key Terms References Problems CHAPTER 12 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS 12.1 Cascaded Amplifiers 12.1.1 Two-Port Representations 12.1.2 Amplifier Terminology Review 12.1.3 Frequency Response of Cascaded Amplifiers 12.2 The Instrumentation Amplifier 12.3 Active Filters 12.3.1 Low-Pass Filter 12.3.2 A High-Pass Filter with Gain 12.3.3 Band-Pass Filter 12.3.4 Sensitivity 12.3.5 Magnitude and Frequency Scaling 12.4 Switched-Capacitor Circuits 12.4.1 A Switched-Capacitor Integrator 12.4.2 Noninverting SC Integrator 12.4.3 Switched-Capacitor Filters 12.5 Digital-to-Analog Conversion 12.5.1 D/A Converter Fundamentals 12.5.2 D/A Converter Errors 12.5.3 Digital-to-Analog Converter Circuits 12.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 12.6.1 A/D Converter Fundamentals 12.6.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter Errors 12.6.3 Basic A/D Conversion Techniques 12.7 Oscillators 12.7.1 The Barkhausen Criteria for Oscillation 12.7.2 Oscillators Employing Frequency-Selective RC Networks 12.8 Nonlinear Circuit Applications 12.8.1 A Precision Half-Wave Rectifier 12.8.2 Nonsaturating Precision-Rectifier Circuit 12.9 Circuits Using Positive Feedback 12.9.1 The Comparator and Schmitt Trigger 12.9.2 The Astable Multivibrator 12.9.3 The Monostable Multivibrator or One Shot Summary Key Terms Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 13 DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER DESIGN 13.1 Differential Amplifiers 13.1.1 Bipolar and MOS Differential Amplifiers 13.1.2 dc Analysis of the Bipolar Differential Amplifier 13.1.3 Transfer Characteristic for the Bipolar Differential Amplifier 13.1.4 ac Analysis of the Bipolar Differential Amplifier 13.1.5 Differential-Mode Gain and Input and Output Resistances 13.1.6 Common-Mode Gain and Input Resistance 13.1.7 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR 13.1.8 Analysis Using Differential- and Common-Mode Half-Circuits 13.1.9 Biasing with Electronic Current Sources 13.1.10 Modeling the Electronic Current Source in SPICE 13.1.11 dc Analysis of the MOSFET Differential Amplifier 13.1.12 Differential-Mode Input Signals 13.1.13 Small-Signal Transfer Characteristic for the MOS Differential Amplifier 13.1.14 Common-Mode Input Signals 13.1.15 Model for Differential Pairs 13.2 Evolution to Basic Operational Amplifiers 13.2.1 A Two-Stage Prototype for an Operational Amplifier 13.2.2 Improving the Op Amp Voltage Gain 13.2.3 Darlington Pairs 13.2.4 Output Resistance Reduction 13.2.5 A CMOS Operational Amplifier Prototype 13.2.6 BiCMOS Amplifiers 13.2.7 All Transistor Implementations 13.3 Output Stages 13.3.1 The Source Follower—a Class-A Output Stage 13.3.2 Efficiency of Class-A Amplifiers 13.3.3 Class-B Push-Pull Output Stage 13.3.4 Class-AB Amplifiers 13.3.5 Class-AB Output Stages for Operational Amplifiers 13.3.6 Short-Circuit Protection 13.3.7 Transformer Coupling 13.4 Electronic Current Sources 13.4.1 Single-Transistor Current Sources 13.4.2 Figure of Merit for Current Sources 13.4.3 Higher Output Resistance Sources 13.4.4 Current Source Design Examples Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 14 ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN TECHNIQUES 14.1 Circuit Element Matching 14.2 Current Mirrors 14.2.1 dc Analysis of the MOS Transistor Current Mirror 14.2.2 Changing the MOS Mirror Ratio 14.2.3 dc Analysis of the Bipolar Transistor Current Mirror 14.2.4 Altering the BJT Current Mirror Ratio 14.2.5 Multiple Current Sources 14.2.6 Buffered Current Mirror 14.2.7 Output Resistance of the Current Mirrors 14.2.8 Two-Port Model for the Current Mirror 14.2.9 The Widlar Current Source 14.2.10 The MOS Version of the Widlar Source 14.2.11 MOS Widlar Source in Weak Inversion 14.3 High-Output-Resistance Current Mirrors 14.3.1 The Wilson Current Sources 14.3.2 Output Resistance of the Wilson Source 14.3.3 Cascode Current Sources 14.3.4 Output Resistance of the Cascode Sources 14.3.5 Regulated Cascode Current Source 14.3.6 Current Mirror Summary 14.4 Reference Current Generation 14.5 Supply-Independent Biasing 14.5.1 A V BE -Based Reference 14.5.2 The Widlar Source 14.5.3 Power-Supply-Independent Bias Cell 14.5.4 A Supply-Independent MOS Reference Cell 14.6 The Bandgap Reference 14.7 The Current Mirror as an Active Load 14.7.1 CMOS Differential Amplifier with Active Load 14.7.2 Bipolar Differential Amplifier with Active Load 14.8 Active Loads in Operational Amplifiers 14.8.1 CMOS Op-Amp Voltage Gain 14.8.2 dc Design Considerations 14.8.3 Bipolar Operational Amplifiers 14.8.4 Input Stage Breakdown 14.9 The µA741 Operational Amplifier 14.9.1 Overall Circuit Operation 14.9.2 Bias Circuitry 14.9.3 dc Analysis of the 741 Input Stage 14.9.4 ac Analysis of the 741 Input Stage 14.9.5 Voltage Gain of the Complete Amplifier 14.9.6 The 741 Output Stage 14.9.7 Output Resistance 14.9.8 Short-Circuit Protection 14.9.9 Summary of the µA741 Operational Amplifier Characteristics 14.10 The Gilbert Analog Multiplier Summary Key Terms References Additional Readings Problems CHAPTER 15 TRANSISTOR FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS 15.1 Basic Feedback System Review 15.1.1 Closed-Loop Gain 15.1.2 Closed-Loop Impedances 15.1.3 Feedback Effects 15.2 Feedback Amplifier Analysis at Midband 15.2.1 Closed-Loop Gain 15.2.2 Input Resistance 15.2.3 Output Resistance 15.2.4 Offset Voltage Calculation 15.3 Feedback Amplifier Circuit Examples 15.3.1 Series-Shunt Feedback—Voltage Amplifiers 15.3.2 Differential Input Series-Shunt Voltage Amplifier 15.3.3 Shunt-Shunt Feedback—Transresistance Amplifiers 15.3.4 Series-Series Feedback—Transconductance Amplifiers 15.3.5 Shunt-Series Feedback—Current Amplifiers 15.4 Review of Feedback Amplifier Stability 15.4.1 Closed-Loop Response of the Uncompensated Amplifier 15.4.2 Phase Margin 15.4.3 Higher-Order Effects 15.4.4 Response of the Compensated Amplifier 15.4.5 Small-Signal Limitations 15.5 Single-Pole Operational Amplifier Compensation 15.5.1 Three-Stage Op-Amp Analysis 15.5.2 Transmission Zeros in FET Op Amps 15.5.3 Bipolar Amplifier Compensation 15.5.4 Slew Rate of the Operational Amplifier 15.5.5 Relationships between Slew Rate and Gain-Bandwidth Product 15.6 High-Frequency Oscillators 15.6.1 The Colpitts Oscillator 15.6.2 The Hartley Oscillator 15.6.3 Amplitude Stabilization In LC Oscillators 15.6.4 Negative Resistance in Oscillators 15.6.5 Negative Gm Oscillator 15.6.6 Crystal Oscillators 15.6.7 Ring Oscillators 15.6.8 Positive Feedback and Latchup Summary Key Terms Additional Readings Problems APPENDICES A Standard Discrete Component Values B Solid-State Device Models and SPICE Simulation Parameters C Two-Port Review D Physical Constants and Transistor Model Summary Index
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base score: 11065.0, final score: 35.329407
lgli/Sedra Smith - Microelectronic Circuits 2015.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits 2015 Sedra Smith
PDF · 66.2MB · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/zlib · Save
base score: 11054.0, final score: 35.276993
upload/newsarch_ebooks_2025_10/2017/07/30/extracted__2017-07-30-31-0495667722.zip/0495667722.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits: Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition Muhammad H. Rashid Cengage Learning, 2nd ed., Stamford, CT, Connecticut, 2011
<p>MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN combines a "breadth-first" approach to teaching electronics with a strong emphasis on electronics design and simulation. Professor Rashid first introduces students to the general characteristics of circuits (ICs) to prepare them for the use of circuit design and analysis techniques. He then moves on to a more detailed study of devices and circuits and how they operate within ICs. This approach makes the text easily adaptable to both one- and two-term electronics courses. Student's gain a strong systems perspective, and can readily fill in device-level detail as the course (and their job) requires. In addition, Rashid, author of five successful texts on PSpice and power electronics, directly addresses student's needs for applying theory to real-world design problems by mastering the use of PSpice for testing and verifying their designs. More than 50% of the problems and examples in the text concentrate on design, with PSpice used extensively in the design problems.</p>
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English [en] · PDF · 13.1MB · 2011 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 35.269
lgli/p:\_libgen_missing/d46b0a1166f6bc108d41bb47434ed023.
Instructor's Solutions Manual for Microelectronic Circuits, International Seventh Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press ; Oxford University Press, 7th, 2017
The Instructor’s Solutions Manual, written by Adel Sedra, contains detailed solutions to all in-text exercises and end-of-chapter problems found in Microelectronic Circuits.
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English [en] · PDF · 9.7MB · 2017 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 35.088993
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/5f4b8172862d8066354bd82fc969b1fc.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) 7th edition Adel S. Sedra; Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press ; Oxford University Press, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7, 2014
This market-leading textbook remains the standard of excellence and innovation. Built on Adel S. Sedra's and Kenneth C. Smith's solid pedagogical foundation, the seventh edition of __Microelectronic Circuits__ is the best yet. In addition to updated content and coverage designed to reflect changes in IC technology, the text also provides the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today. Amply illustrated by a wealth of examples and complemented by an expanded number of well-designed end-of-chapter problems and practice exercises, __Microelectronic Circuits__ is the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits.
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English [en] · PDF · 72.4MB · 2014 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 35.048386
KC's problems and solutions for microelectronic circuits Smith, Kenneth Carless, Sedra, Adel S. Microelectronic circuits Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1998
A valuable addition to the Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical EngineeringToday's modern wireless mobile communications depend on adaptive \"smart\" antennas to provide maximum range and clarity. With the recent explosive growth of wireless applications, smart antenna technology has achieved widespread commercial and military applications.The only book available on the topic of adaptive antennas using digital technology, this text reflects the latest developments in smart antenna technology and offers timely information on fundamentals, as well as new adaptive techniques developed by the authors. Coupling electromagnetic aspects of antenna design with signal processing techniques designed to promote accurate and efficient information exchange, the text presents various mechanisms for characterizing signal-path loss associated with signal propagation, particularly for mobile wireless communications systems based on such techniques as joint space-frequency adaptive processing.In clear, accessible language, the authors:* explain the difference between adaptive antennas and adaptive signal processing* Illustrate the procedures for adaptive processing using directive elements in a conformal array* clarify multistage analysis procedure which combines electromagnetic analysis with signal processing* present a survey of the various models for characterizing radio wave propagation in urban and rural environments* describe a method wherein it is possible to identify and eliminate multipath without spatial diversity* optimize the location of base stations in a complex environmentThe text is an excellent resource for researchers and engineers working in electromagnetics and signal processing who deal with performance improvement of adaptive techniques, as well as those who are concerned with the characterization of propagation channels and applications of airborne phased arrays, Issue: 10, Accompanies: Microelectronics circuits / Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, 4th ed
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English [en] · PDF · 28.4MB · 1998 · 📗 Book (unknown) · zlib · Save
base score: 11057.0, final score: 34.747925
nexusstc/KC's Problems and Solutions to Microelectronic Circuits/bfde5784367dc67454aee81bebcf8f0d.pdf
KC's Problems and Solutions to Microelectronic Circuits Adel S. Sedra, K. C. Smith, Kenneth C. Smith Oxford University Press, USA, Oxford, New York, England, 1998
<p><p>one Of The Most Enduring Trademarks Of <b>microelectronic Circuits</b>, By Adel Sedra And Kc Smith, Has Been Its Wealth Of Problems And Solutions. This Manual Includes Hundreds Of Extra Problems And Solutions Of Varying Degrees Of Difficulty For Student Review. The Solutions Are Completely Worked Out To Facilitate Self-study. Kc Smith Has Devised Ever More Challenging, Inventive Problems That Focus On The Design And Problem-solving Skills Students Need.</p>
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English [en] · PDF · 44.1MB · 1998 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 34.493595
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/fde6287905ec6caa4f792da40f1cfa4a.pdf
Laboratory Explorations to Accompany Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) Adel S. Sedra; Kenneth Carless Smith Oxford University Press, USA, The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6, 2009
Microelectronic Circuits now comes shrink-wrapped with a FREE Added Problems Supplement!This helpful resource includes:\* 300 new problems\* Solutions available exclusively to instructors\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*AVAILABLE FOR FALL 2013 COURSES: LAB MANUAL: Laboratory Explorations to Accompany Microelectronic Circuits by Kenneth C. Smith and Vincent C. GaudetDesigned to accompany Sedra and Smith's Microelectronic Circuits, Laboratory Explorations invites students to explore the realm of real-world engineering through exciting, hands-on experiments. Lab Manual ISBN: 978-0-19-537873-3\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*PACKAGING OPTIONSPackage #1Microelectronic Circuits, 6E (text) + FREE Added Problems SupplementPackage ISBN: 978-0-19-993150-7Package Price: $167.95Package #2Microelectronic Circuits, 6E (text) + FREE Added Problems Supplement + Laboratory Explorations (lab manual)Package ISBN: 978-0-19-932923-6Package Price: $180.50Package #3Microelectronic Circuits, 6E (text) + Laboratory Explorations (lab manual)Package ISBN: 978-0-19-932924-3Package Price: $180.50\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition, by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. SmithThis market-leading textbook continues its standard of excellence and innovation built on the solid pedagogical foundation that instructors expect from Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. All material in the sixth edition of Microelectronic Circuits is thoroughly updated to reflect changes in technology--CMOS technology in particular. These technological changes have shaped the book's organization and topical coverage, making it the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits. Features:\* Streamlined organization. Short, modular chapters can be rearranged to suit any class organization. Topics that can be skipped on a first reading, while the student is grasping the basics, or that look ahead to advanced industrial applications, are clearly marked. \* Digital Integrated Circuits covered in a new, separate section, to make it easier to teach Computer Engineering students.\* Parallel Treatment of MOSFETs and BJTs. 90% of the market works with MOSFETs, so this vital topic is placed first in the textbook. The chapters on BJTs and MOSFETs are exactly parallel, so instructors can teach whichever one first that they prefer, and speed through the second topic by concentrating only on the differences between the two transistors.\* Frequency response in a separate chapter. Frequency response is now condensed into a single chapter, rather than being integrated within other topics.New to this Edition:\* Digital Circuits Early and Modular: New chapters in Part III: Digital Integrated Circuits make it easier to teach digital topics to computer engineers in a single-semester course.\* New Chapter 13: CMOS Digital Logic Circuits lays the foundation for all digital material.\* Frequency response in a separate chapter: Frequency response is now condensed into a single chapter (Ch. 9), rather than being integrated within other topics.\* Streamlined and Signposted: Shorter, more modular chapters are easier to customize to any class. Visual cues and icons make the book easier to navigate. Explanations to the reader of why to read sections-and how multiple techniques might be used-are much more prominent. A new icon clearly marks topics that can be skipped on a first reading, while the student is grasping the basics, or that look ahead to advanced industrial applications.\* Semiconductor primer in a separate chapter: For students who have not taken a prior course in Semiconductor Device Physics, Chapter 3 concisely covers the basics necessary to study Microelectronics. (Students who have had a device physics course will also find this a handy refresher.)\* Lab-on-a-Disc: Offers complete simulations with activities, investigations, and directions to students for examples in the chapters and study problems from the ends of chapters. Simulated in MultisimTM and PSpice®. Also includes full student versions of MultisimTM and PSpice® so students can simulate their own activities and designs.\* New Technical Coverage, including: a unique development of cascoding techniques (Ch 7); modern techniques for the design of BJT op amps (Ch 12); and deep submicron design and technology scaling (Ch 13). Please see the Preface for a complete list of the exciting new additions.Ancillaries:Instructor: [Note: Instructor's Resource CD is bound in to ISM-ISBN 9780195340303]\* Instructor's Solutions Manual contains typed solutions to all in-text exercises and end-of-chapter problems.\* PowerPoint Overheads on CD contain all of the figures with captions, plus summary tables, from the main text.Student:\* In-text CD contains SPICE circuit simulation exercises and lessons, and a free student version of two SPICE simulators: OrCAD PSpice and Electronics Workbench Multisim.\* Companion website www.sedrasmith.org http://www.sedrasmith.org features SPICE models and links to industry and academic sites.
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English [en] · PDF · 107.3MB · 2009 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 34.424988
lgli/Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith - Microelectronic Circuits - 4th Ed. - Solution Manual.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits - 4th Ed. - Solution Manual Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith 4
English [en] · PDF · 118.3MB · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/zlib · Save
base score: 11063.0, final score: 34.233624
nexusstc/CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation/7a77b161906a12f42060d299b49e2591.pdf
CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation (IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems) Russel Jacob Baker IEEE Press, Wiley Blackwell, IEEE Press series on microelectronic systems, 4, 2019
A revised guide to the theory and implementation of CMOS analog and digital IC design The fourth edition of CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation is an updated guide to the practical design of both analog and digital integrated circuits. The author—a noted expert on the topic—offers a contemporary review of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks including: phase-locked-loops, delta-sigma sensing circuits, voltage/current references, op-amps, the design of data converters, and switching power supplies. CMOS includes discussions that detail the trade-offs and considerations when designing at the transistor-level. The companion website contains numerous examples for many computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Using the website enables readers to recreate, modify, or simulate the design examples presented throughout the book. In addition, the author includes hundreds of end-of-chapter problems to enhance understanding of the content presented. This newly revised edition: • Provides in-depth coverage of both analog and digital transistor-level design techniques • Discusses the design of phase- and delay-locked loops, mixed-signal circuits, data converters, and circuit noise • Explores real-world process parameters, design rules, and layout examples • Contains a new chapter on Power Electronics Written for students in electrical and computer engineering and professionals in the field, the fourth edition of CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation is a practical guide to understanding analog and digital transistor-level design theory and techniques.
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English [en] · PDF · 14.3MB · 2019 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 33.870716
nexusstc/SEDRA SMITH Microelectronic circuits EIGHTH edition/61e1c95e3c49ac3e3a7f02609fc85b71.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) 8th Edition by Adel S. Sedra (Author), Kenneth C. (KC) Smith (Author), Tony Chan Carusone (Author), & 1 more Imperial college the worst most overrated University in Europe, Oxford Series Latin, 8, 2023
<em>Microelectronic Circuits</em> by Sedra and Smith has served generations of electrical and computer engineering students as the best and most widely-used text for this required course. Respected equally as a textbook and reference, "Sedra/Smith" combines a thorough presentation of fundamentals with an introduction to present-day IC technology. It remains the best text for helping students progress from circuit analysis to circuit design, developing design skills and insights that are essential to successful practice in the field. Significantly revised with the input of two new coauthors, slimmed down, and updated with the latest innovations, <em>Microelectronic Circuits</em>, Eighth Edition, remains the gold standard in providing the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today.
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English [en] · PDF · 46.2MB · 2023 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
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base score: 0.01, final score: 33.82262
nexusstc/Modeling the Space Radiation Environment and Effects on Microelectronic Devices and Circuits/89af32ec2c03c969a9740ce838465428.pdf
Modeling the Space Radiation Environment and Effects on Microelectronic Devices and Circuits NSREC 2006
CD Home Page......Page 0 2006 Home......Page 1 Table of Contents......Page 3 Section I - Introduction......Page 4 Section II - Modeling the Space Radiation Environment......Page 9 Section III - Space Radiation Transport Models......Page 72 Section IV - Device Modeling of Single Event Effects......Page 135 Section V - Circuit Modeling of Single Event Effects......Page 168
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English [en] · PDF · 23.1MB · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11061.0, final score: 33.794067
lgli/E_Engineering/EE_Electrical engineering/Fonstad C.G. Microelectronic devices and circuits (free web version, MGH, 1994)(ISBN 0070214964)(T)(O)(698s)_EE_.djvu
Microelectronic devices and circuits Clifton G. Fonstad McGraw-Hill College, McGraw-Hill series in electrical and computer engineering., Electronics and VLSI circuits, free web version, 1994
Combining solid state devices with electronic circuits for the junior level microelectronics course, this new textbook offers an integrated approach so that students truly understand how a circuit works. Other features include an emphasis on modeling of electronic devices and analysis of non-linear circuits. Spice problems, worked examples, and end-of-chapter problems enhance the text.
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English [en] · DJVU · 7.4MB · 1994 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 33.35363
upload/newsarch_ebooks_2025_10/2019/04/08/0195117719_KC's.djvu
KC's problems and solutions for Microelectronic circuits, fourth edition [by] Sedra/Smith Kenneth Carless Smith; Adel S Sedra Oxford University Press, USA, 4th ed, New York, 1998
A valuable addition to the Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical EngineeringToday's modern wireless mobile communications depend on adaptive "smart" antennas to provide maximum range and clarity. With the recent explosive growth of wireless applications, smart antenna technology has achieved widespread commercial and military applications.The only book available on the topic of adaptive antennas using digital technology, this text reflects the latest developments in smart antenna technology and offers timely information on fundamentals, as well as new adaptive techniques developed by the authors. Coupling electromagnetic aspects of antenna design with signal processing techniques designed to promote accurate and efficient information exchange, the text presents various mechanisms for characterizing signal-path loss associated with signal propagation, particularly for mobile wireless communications systems based on such techniques as joint space-frequency adaptive processing.In clear, accessible language, the authors:\* explain the difference between adaptive antennas and adaptive signal processing\* Illustrate the procedures for adaptive processing using directive elements in a conformal array\* clarify multistage analysis procedure which combines electromagnetic analysis with signal processing\* present a survey of the various models for characterizing radio wave propagation in urban and rural environments\* describe a method wherein it is possible to identify and eliminate multipath without spatial diversity\* optimize the location of base stations in a complex environmentThe text is an excellent resource for researchers and engineers working in electromagnetics and signal processing who deal with performance improvement of adaptive techniques, as well as those who are concerned with the characterization of propagation channels and applications of airborne phased arrays
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English [en] · DJVU · 6.9MB · 1998 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11055.0, final score: 33.338814
upload/newsarch_ebooks_2025_10/2020/05/21/1119481511.pdf
CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation (IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems) Russel Jacob Baker Wiley-Blackwell, IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems, 4, 2019
A revised guide to the theory and implementation of CMOS analog and digital IC design The fourth edition of CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation is an updated guide to the practical design of both analog and digital integrated circuits. The author—a noted expert on the topic—offers a contemporary review of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks including: phase-locked-loops, delta-sigma sensing circuits, voltage/current references, op-amps, the design of data converters, and switching power supplies. CMOS includes discussions that detail the trade-offs and considerations when designing at the transistor-level. The companion website contains numerous examples for many computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Using the website enables readers to recreate, modify, or simulate the design examples presented throughout the book. In addition, the author includes hundreds of end-of-chapter problems to enhance understanding of the content presented. This newly revised edition: • Provides in-depth coverage of both analog and digital transistor-level design techniques • Discusses the design of phase- and delay-locked loops, mixed-signal circuits, data converters, and circuit noise • Explores real-world process parameters, design rules, and layout examples • Contains a new chapter on Power Electronics Written for students in electrical and computer engineering and professionals in the field, the fourth edition of CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation is a practical guide to understanding analog and digital transistor-level design theory and techniques.
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English [en] · PDF · 18.6MB · 2019 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 33.222805
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/6651c5f4f0f01a44cc5f29b7b3d7b141.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering) Adel S. Sedra; Kenneth C. (KC) Smith; Tony Chan Carusone; Vincent Gaudet Oxford University Press, Incorporated, Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering, 8ª ed, New York, NY, 2020
<em>Microelectronic Circuits</em> by Sedra and Smith has served generations of electrical and computer engineering students as the best and most widely-used text for this required course. Respected equally as a textbook and reference, "Sedra/Smith" combines a thorough presentation of fundamentals with an introduction to present-day IC technology. It remains the best text for helping students progress from circuit analysis to circuit design, developing design skills and insights that are essential to successful practice in the field. Significantly revised with the input of two new coauthors, slimmed down, and updated with the latest innovations, <em>Microelectronic Circuits</em>, Eighth Edition, remains the gold standard in providing the most comprehensive, flexible, accurate, and design-oriented treatment of electronic circuits available today.
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English [en] · PDF · 62.8MB · 2020 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 33.069427
nexusstc/Microelectronic Circuits/f03c0d38dbff1566bae74746602ebc70.pdf
Microelectronic Circuits 1 Adel S. Sedra; Kenneth Carless Smith IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1, 2010
Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition, by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith<BR/> This market-leading textbook continues its standard of excellence and innovation built on the solid pedagogical foundation that instructors expect from Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. All material in the sixth edition of Microelectronic Circuits is thoroughly updated to reflect changes in technology--CMOS technology in particular. These technological changes have shaped the book's organization and topical coverage, making it the most current resource available for teaching tomorrow's engineers how to analyze and design electronic circuits. <BR/> Features:<BR/> * Streamlined organization. Short, modular chapters can be rearranged to suit any class organization. Topics that can be skipped on a first reading, while the student is grasping the basics, or that look ahead to advanced industrial applications, are clearly marked. <BR/> * Digital Integrated Circuits covered in a new, separate section, to make it easier to teach Computer Engineering students.<BR/> * Parallel Treatment of MOSFETs and BJTs. 90% of the market works with MOSFETs, so this vital topic is placed first in the textbook. The chapters on BJTs and MOSFETs are exactly parallel, so instructors can teach whichever one first that they prefer, and speed through the second topic by concentrating only on the differences between the two transistors.<BR/> * Frequency response in a separate chapter. Frequency response is now condensed into a single chapter, rather than being integrated within other topics.<BR/> Ancillaries:<BR/> Instructor: [Note: Instructor's Resource CD is bound in to ISM-ISBN 9780195340303]<BR/> * Instructor's Solutions Manual contains typed solutions to all in-text exercises and end-of-chapter problems.<BR/> * PowerPoint Overheads on CD contain all of the figures with captions, plus summary tables, from the main text.<BR/> Student:<BR/> * In-text CD contains SPICE circuit simulation exercises and lessons, and a free student version of two SPICE simulators: OrCAD PSpice and Electronics Workbench Multisim.<BR/> * Companion website www.sedrasmith.org http://www.sedrasmith.org features SPICE models and links to industry and academic sites.
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English [en] · PDF · 27.3MB · 2010 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
base score: 11065.0, final score: 32.982746
nexusstc/ISE Microelectronic Circuit Design/434ba65ad1d5fdcddb650f121ee7cc36.pdf
Microelectronic Circuit Design, 6th Edition Richard C. Jaeger Professor of Electrical Engineering, Travis Blalock McGraw Hill, 6th, 2023
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedications Brief Contents Contents Preface Chapter-by-Chapter Summary PART ONE SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS AND DEVICES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS 1.1 A Brief History of Electronics: From Vacuum Tubes to Giga-Scale Integration 1.2 Classification of Electronic Signals 1.2.1 Digital Signals 1.2.2 Analog Signals 1.2.3 A/D and D/A Converters—Bridging the Analog and Digital Domains 1.3 Notational Conventions 1.4 Problem-Solving Approach 1.5 Important Concepts from Circuit Theory 1.5.1 Voltage and Current Division 1.5.2 Thévenin and Norton Circuit Representations 1.6 Frequency Spectrum of Electronic Signals 1.7 Amplifiers 1.7.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 1.7.2 Amplifier Frequency Response 1.8 Element Variations in Circuit Design 1.8.1 Mathematical Modeling of Tolerances 1.8.2 Worst-Case Analysis 1.8.3 Monte Carlo Analysis 1.8.4 Temperature Coefficients 1.9 Numeric Precision Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 2 SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 2.1 Solid-State Electronic Materials 2.2 Covalent Bond Model 2.3 Drift Currents and Mobility in Semiconductors 2.3.1 Drift Currents 2.3.2 Mobility 2.3.3 Velocity Saturation 2.4 Resistivity of Intrinsic Silicon 2.5 Impurities in Semiconductors 2.5.1 Donor Impurities in Silicon 2.5.2 Acceptor Impurities in Silicon 2.6 Electron and Hole Concentrations in Doped Semiconductors 2.6.1 n-Type Material (ND > NA) 2.6.2 p-Type Material (NA > ND) 2.7 Mobility and Resistivity in Doped Semiconductors 2.8 Diffusion Currents 2.9 Total Current 2.10 Energy Band Model 2.10.1 Electron—Hole Pair Generation in an Intrinsic Semiconductor 2.10.2 Energy Band Model for a Doped Semiconductor 2.10.3 Compensated Semiconductors 2.11 Overview of Integrated Circuit Fabrication Summary Key Terms Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 3 SOLID-STATE DIODES AND DIODE CIRCUITS 3.1 The pn Junction Diode 3.1.1 pn Junction Electrostatics 3.1.2 Internal Diode Currents 3.2 The i-v Characteristics of the Diode 3.3 The Diode Equation: A Mathematical Model for the Diode 3.4 Diode Characteristics Under Reverse, Zero, and Forward Bias 3.4.1 Reverse Bias 3.4.2 Zero Bias 3.4.3 Forward Bias 3.5 Diode Temperature Coefficient 3.6 Diodes Under Reverse Bias 3.6.1 Saturation Current in Real Diodes 3.6.2 Reverse Breakdown 3.6.3 Diode Model for the Breakdown Region 3.7 pn Junction Capacitance 3.7.1 Reverse Bias 3.7.2 Forward Bias 3.8 Schottky Barrier Diode 3.9 SPICE Model and Layout for a Diode 3.9.1 Diode Layout 3.10 Diode Circuit Analysis 3.10.1 Load-Line Analysis 3.10.2 Analysis Using the Mathematical Model for the Diode 3.10.3 The Ideal Diode Model 3.10.4 Constant Voltage Drop Model 3.10.5 Model Comparison and Discussion 3.11 Multiple-Diode Circuits 3.12 Analysis of Diodes Operating in the Breakdown Region 3.12.1 Load-Line Analysis 3.12.2 Analysis with the Piecewise Linear Model 3.12.3 Voltage Regulation 3.12.4 Analysis Including Zener Resistance 3.12.5 Line and Load Regulation 3.13 Half-Wave Rectifier Circuits 3.13.1 Half-Wave Rectifier with Resistor Load 3.13.2 Rectifier Filter Capacitor 3.13.3 Half-Wave Rectifier with RC Load 3.13.4 Ripple Voltage and Conduction Interval 3.13.5 Diode Current 3.13.6 Surge Current 3.13.7 Peak-Inverse-Voltage (PIV) Rating 3.13.8 Diode Power Dissipation 3.13.9 Half-Wave Rectifier with Negative Output Voltage 3.14 Full-Wave Rectifier Circuits 3.14.1 Full-Wave Rectifier with Negative Output Voltage 3.15 Full-Wave Bridge Rectification 3.16 Rectifier Comparison and Design Tradeoffs 3.17 Dynamic Switching Behavior of the Diode 3.18 Photo Diodes, Solar Cells, and Light-Emitting Diodes 3.18.1 Photo Diodes and Photodetectors 3.18.2 Power Generation from Solar Cells 3.18.3 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Summary Key Terms Reference Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 4 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 4.1 Physical Structure of the Bipolar Transistor 4.2 The Transport Model for the npn Transistor 4.2.1 Forward Characteristics 4.2.2 Reverse Characteristics 4.2.3 Complete Transport Model Equations for Arbitrary Bias Conditions 4.3 The pnp Transistor 4.4 Equivalent Circuit Representations for the Transport Models 4.4.1 Another Look at the Forward-Active Region 4.5 The i-v Characteristics of the Bipolar Transistor 4.5.1 Output Characteristics 4.5.2 Transfer Characteristics 4.6 The Operating Regions of the Bipolar Transistor 4.7 Transport Model Simplifications 4.7.1 Simplified Model for the Cutoff Region 4.7.2 Model Simplifications for the Forward-Active Region 4.7.3 Diodes in Bipolar Integrated Circuits 4.7.4 Simplified Model for the Reverse-Active Region 4.7.5 Modeling Operation in the Saturation Region 4.8 Nonideal Behavior of the Bipolar Transistor 4.8.1 Junction Breakdown Voltages 4.8.2 Minority-Carrier Transport in the Base Region 4.8.3 Base Transit Time 4.8.4 Diffusion Capacitance 4.8.5 Frequency Dependence of the Common-Emitter Current Gain 4.8.6 The Early Effect and Early Voltage 4.8.7 Modeling the Early Effect 4.8.8 Origin of the Early Effect 4.9 Transconductance 4.10 Bipolar Technology and SPICE Model 4.10.1 Qualitative Description 4.10.2 Spice Model Equations 4.10.3 High-Performance Bipolar Transistors 4.11 Practical Bias Circuits for the BJT 4.11.1 Four-Resistor Bias Network 4.11.2 Design Objectives for the Four-Resistor Bias Network 4.11.3 Iterative Analysis of the Four-Resistor Bias Circuit 4.12 Tolerances in Bias Circuits 4.12.1 Worst-Case Analysis 4.12.2 Monte Carlo Analysis Summary Key Terms References Additional Readings Problems CHAPTER 5 FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 5.1 Characteristics of the MOS Capacitor 5.1.1 Accumulation Region 5.1.2 Depletion Region 5.1.3 Inversion Region 5.2 The NMOS Transistor 5.2.1 Qualitative i-v Behavior of the NMOS Transistor 5.2.2 Triode Region Characteristics of the NMOS Transistor 5.2.3 On Resistance 5.2.4 Transconductance 5.2.5 Saturation of the i-v Characteristics 5.2.6 Mathematical Model in the Saturation (Pinch-Off) Region 5.2.7 Transconductance in Saturation 5.2.8 Transconductance Efficiency in Saturation 5.2.9 Channel-Length Modulation 5.2.10 Transfer Characteristics and Depletion-Mode MOSFETs 5.2.11 Body Effect or Substrate Sensitivity 5.3 PMOS Transistors 5.4 MOSFET Circuit Symbols 5.5 MOS Transistor Symmetry 5.5.1 The One-Transistor Dram Cell 5.5.2 Data Storage in the 1-T Cell 5.5.3 Reading Data from the 1-T Cell 5.6 CMOS Technology 5.6.1 CMOS Voltage Transfer Characteristics 5.7 CMOS Latchup 5.8 Capacitances in MOS Transistors 5.8.1 NMOS Transistor Capacitances in the Triode Region 5.8.2 Capacitances in the Saturation Region 5.8.3 Capacitances in Cutoff 5.9 MOSFET Modeling in SPICE 5.10 MOS Transistor Scaling 5.10.1 Drain Current 5.10.2 Gate Capacitance 5.10.3 Circuit and Power Densities 5.10.4 Power-Delay Product 5.10.5 Cutoff Frequency 5.10.6 High Field Limitations 5.10.7 The Unified MOS Transistor Model, Including High Field Limitations 5.10.8 Subthreshold Conduction 5.11 All Region Modeling 5.11.1 Interpolation Model 5.11.2 Interpolation Model in the Saturation Region 5.11.3 Transconductance Efficiency 5.12 MOS Transistor Fabrication and Layout Design Rules 5.12.1 Minimum Feature Size and Alignment Tolerance 5.12.2 MOS Transistor Layout 5.12.3 CMOS Inverter Layout 5.13 Advanced CMOS Technologies 5.14 Biasing the NMOS Field-Effect Transistor 5.14.1 Why Do We Need Bias 5.14.2 Four-Resistor Biasing 5.14.3 Constant Gate-Source Voltage Bias 5.14.4 Graphical Analysis for the Q-Point 5.14.5 Analysis Including Body Effect 5.14.6 Analysis Using the Unified Model 5.14.7 NMOS Circuit Analysis Comparisons 5.14.8 Two-Resistor Bias 5.15 Biasing the PMOS Field-Effect Transistor 5.16 Biasing the CMOS Inverter as an Amplifier 5.17 The CMOS Transmission Gate 5.18 The Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET 5.18.1 The JFET with Bias Applied 5.18.2 JFET Channel with Drain-Source Bias 5.18.3 n-Channel JFET i-v Characteristics 5.18.4 The p-Channel JFET 5.18.5 Circuit Symbols and JFET Model Summary 5.18.6 JFET Capacitances 5.19 JFET Modeling in SPICE 5.20 Biasing the JFET and Depletion- Mode MOSFET Summary Key Terms References Additional Readings Problems PART TWO ANALOG ELECTRONICS CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO AMPLIFIERS 6.1 An Example of an Analog Electronic System 6.2 Amplification 6.2.1 Voltage Gain 6.2.2 Current Gain 6.2.3 Power Gain 6.2.4 Location of the Amplifier 6.2.5 The Decibel Scale 6.3 Two-Port Models for Amplifiers 6.3.1 The g-Parameters 6.4 Mismatched Source and Load Resistances 6.5 The Differential Amplifier 6.5.1 Differential Amplifier Voltage Transfer Characteristic 6.5.2 Voltage Gain 6.6 Distortion in Amplifiers 6.7 Differential Amplifier Model 6.8 Amplifier Frequency Response 6.8.1 Bode Plots 6.8.2 The Low-Pass Amplifier 6.8.3 The High-Pass Amplifier 6.8.4 Band-Pass Amplifiers Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 7 THE TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER 7.1 The Transistor as an Amplifier 7.1.1 The BJT Amplifier 7.1.2 The MOSFET Amplifier 7.2 Coupling and Bypass Capacitors 7.3 Circuit Analysis Using dc and ac Equivalent Circuits 7.3.1 Menu for dc and ac Analysis 7.4 Introduction to Small-Signal Modeling 7.4.1 Graphical Interpretation of the Small- Signal Behavior of the Diode 7.4.2 Small-Signal Modeling of the Diode 7.5 Small-Signal Models for Bipolar Junction Transistors 7.5.1 The Hybrid-Pi Model 7.5.2 Graphical Interpretation of the Transconductance 7.5.3 Small-Signal Current Gain 7.5.4 The Intrinsic Voltage Gain of the BJT 7.5.5 Equivalent Forms of the Small-Signal Model 7.5.6 Simplified Hybrid-Pi Model 7.5.7 Definition of a Small Signal for the Bipolar Transistor 7.5.8 Small-Signal Model for the pnp Transistor 7.5.9 ac Analysis versus Transient Analysis in SPICE 7.6 The Common-Emitter (C-E) Amplifier 7.6.1 Terminal Voltage Gain 7.6.2 Input Resistance 7.6.3 Signal Source Voltage Gain 7.7 Important Limits and Model Simplifications 7.7.1 A Design Guide for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 7.7.2 Upper Bound on the Common-Emitter Gain 7.7.3 Small-Signal Limit for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 7.8 Small-Signal Models for Field-Effect Transistors 7.8.1 Small-Signal Model for the MOSFET 7.8.2 Intrinsic Voltage Gain of the MOSFET 7.8.3 Definition of Small-Signal Operation for the MOSFET 7.8.4 Body Effect in the Four-Terminal MOSFET 7.8.5 Small-Signal Model for the PMOS Transistor 7.8.6 Small-Signal Modeling for MOS Transistors in Weak Inversion 7.8.7 Small-Signal Model for the Junction Field-Effect Transistor 7.9 Summary and Comparison of the Small-Signal Models of the BJT and FET 7.10 The Common-Source (C-S) Amplifier 7.10.1 Common-Source Terminal Voltage Gain 7.10.2 Signal Source Voltage Gain for the Common-Source Amplifier 7.10.3 A Design Guide for the Common-Source Amplifier 7.10.4 Small-Signal Limit for the Common- Source Amplifier 7.10.5 Input Resistances of the Common- Emitter and Common-Source Amplifiers 7.10.6 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Output Resistances 7.10.7 Comparison of the Three Amplifier Examples 7.11 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifier Summary 7.11.1 Guidelines for Neglecting the Transistor Output Resistance 7.12 Amplifier Power and Signal Range 7.12.1 Power Dissipation 7.12.2 Signal Range Summary Key Terms Reference Problems CHAPTER 8 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER BUILDING BLOCKS 8.1 Amplifier Classification 8.1.1 Signal Injection and Extraction—The BJT 8.1.2 Signal Injection and Extraction—The FET 8.1.3 Common-Emitter (C-E) and Common-Source (C-S) Amplifiers 8.1.4 Common-Collector (C-C) and Common-Drain (C-D) Topologies 8.1.5 Common-Base (C-B) and Common-Gate (C-G) Amplifiers 8.1.6 Small-Signal Model Review 8.2 Inverting Amplifiers—Common-Emitter and Common-Source Circuits 8.2.1 The Common-Emitter (C-E) Amplifier 8.2.2 Common-Emitter Example Comparison 8.2.3 The Common-Source Amplifier 8.2.4 Small-Signal Limit for the Common-Source Amplifier 8.2.5 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifier Characteristics 8.2.6 C-E/C-S Amplifier Summary 8.2.7 Equivalent Transistor Representation of the Generalized C-E/C-S Transistor 8.3 Follower Circuits—Common-Collector and Common-Drain Amplifiers 8.3.1 Terminal Voltage Gain 8.3.2 Input Resistance 8.3.3 Signal Source Voltage Gain 8.3.4 Follower Signal Range 8.3.5 Follower Output Resistance 8.3.6 Current Gain 8.3.7 C-C/C-D Amplifier Summary 8.4 Noninverting Amplifiers—Common-Base and Common-Gate Circuits 8.4.1 Terminal Voltage Gain and Input Resistance 8.4.2 Signal Source Voltage Gain 8.4.3 Input Signal Range 8.4.4 Resistance at the Collector and Drain Terminals 8.4.5 Current Gain 8.4.6 Overall Input and Output Resistances for the Noninverting Amplifiers 8.4.7 C-B/C-G Amplifier Summary 8.5 Amplifier Prototype Review and Comparison 8.5.1 The BJT Amplifiers 8.5.2 The FET Amplifiers 8.6 Common-Source Amplifiers Using MOS Transistor Loads 8.6.1 Voltage Gain Estimate 8.6.2 Detailed Analysis 8.6.3 Alternative Loads 8.6.4 Input and Output Resistances 8.7 Coupling and Bypass Capacitor Design 8.7.1 Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifiers 8.7.2 Common-Collector and Common-Drain Amplifiers 8.7.3 Common-Base and Common-Gate Amplifiers 8.7.4 Setting Lower Cutoff Frequency fL 8.8 Amplifier Design Examples 8.8.1 Monte Carlo Evaluation of the Common- Base Amplifier Design 8.9 Multistage ac-Coupled Amplifiers 8.9.1 A Three-Stage ac-Coupled Amplifier 8.9.2 Voltage Gain 8.9.3 Input Resistance 8.9.4 Signal Source Voltage Gain 8.9.5 Output Resistance 8.9.6 Current and Power Gain 8.9.7 Input Signal Range 8.9.8 Estimating the Lower Cutoff Frequency of the Multistage Amplifier 8.10 Introduction to dc-Coupled Amplifiers 8.10.1 A dc-Coupled Three-Stage Amplifier 8.10.2 Two Transistor dc-Coupled Amplifiers Summary Key Terms Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 9 AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE 9.1 Amplifier Frequency Response 9.1.1 Low-Frequency Response 9.1.2 Estimating ωL in the Absence of a Dominant Pole 9.1.3 High-Frequency Response 9.1.4 Estimating ωH in the Absence of a Dominant Pole 9.2 Direct Determination of the Low-Frequency Poles and Zeros—The Common-Source Amplifier 9.3 Estimation of ωL Using the Short-Circuit Time-Constant Method 9.3.1 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Emitter Amplifier 9.3.2 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Source Amplifier 9.3.3 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Base Amplifier 9.3.4 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Gate Amplifier 9.3.5 Estimate of ωL for the Common- Collector Amplifier 9.3.6 Estimate of ωL for the Common-Drain Amplifier 9.4 Transistor Models at High Frequencies 9.4.1 Frequency-Dependent Hybrid-Pi Model for the Bipolar Transistor 9.4.2 Modeling Cp and Cµ in SPICE 9.4.3 Unity-Gain Frequency fT 9.4.4 High-Frequency Model for the FET 9.4.5 Modeling C G S and C G D in SPICE 9.4.6 Channel Length Dependence of fT 9.4.7 Limitations of the High-Frequency Models 9.5 Base and Gate Resistances in the Small-Signal Models 9.5.1 Effect of Base and Gate Resistances on Midband Amplifiers 9.6 High-Frequency Common-Emitter and Common-Source Amplifier Analysis 9.6.1 The Miller Effect 9.6.2 Common-Emitter and Common- Source Amplifier High-Frequency Response 9.6.3 Direct Analysis of the Common-Emitter Transfer Characteristic 9.6.4 Poles of the Common-Emitter Amplifier 9.6.5 Dominant Pole for the Common-Source Amplifier 9.6.6 Estimation of . H Using the Open-Circuit Time-Constant Method 9.6.7 Common-Source Amplifier with Source Degeneration Resistance 9.6.8 Poles of the Common-Emitter with Emitter Degeneration Resistance 9.7 Common-Base and Common-Gate Amplifier High-Frequency Response 9.8 Common-Collector and Common-Drain Amplifier High-Frequency Response 9.9 Single-Stage Amplifier High-Frequency Response Summary 9.9.1 Amplifier Gain-Bandwidth (GBW) Limitations 9.10 Frequency Response of Multistage Amplifiers 9.10.1 Differential Amplifier 9.10.2 The Common-Collector/ Common-Base Cascade 9.10.3 High-Frequency Response of the Cascode Amplifier 9.10.4 Cutoff Frequency for the Current Mirror 9.10.5 Three-Stage Amplifier Example 9.11 Introduction to Radio Frequency Circuits 9.11.1 Radio Frequency Amplifiers 9.11.2 The Shunt-Peaked Amplifier 9.11.3 Single-Tuned Amplifier 9.11.4 Use of a Tapped Inductor—the Auto Transformer 9.11.5 Multiple Tuned Circuits—Synchronous and Stagger Tuning 9.11.6 Common-Source Amplifier with Inductive Degeneration 9.12 Mixers and Balanced Modulators 9.12.1 Introduction to Mixer Operation 9.12.2 A Single-Balanced Mixer 9.12.3 The Differential Pair as a Single-Balanced Mixer 9.12.4 A Double-Balanced Mixer 9.12.5 The Jones Mixer—a Double-Balanced Mixer/Modulator Summary Key Terms References Problems PART THREE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND FEEDBACK CHAPTER 10 IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 10.1 Ideal Differential and Operational Amplifiers 10.1.1 Assumptions for Ideal Operational Amplifier Analysis 10.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Operational Amplifiers 10.2.1 The Inverting Amplifier 10.2.2 The Transresistance Amplifier—a Current-to-Voltage Converter 10.2.3 The Noninverting Amplifier 10.2.4 The Unity-Gain Buffer, or Voltage Follower 10.2.5 The Summing Amplifier 10.2.6 The Difference Amplifier 10.3 Frequency Dependent Feedback 10.3.1 An Active Low-Pass Filter 10.3.2 An Active High-Pass Filter 10.3.3 The Integrator 10.3.4 The Differentiator Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 11 NONIDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER STABILITY 11.1 Classic Feedback Systems 11.1.1 Closed-Loop Gain Analysis 11.1.2 Gain Error 11.2 Analysis of Circuits Containing Nonideal Operational Amplifiers 11.2.1 Finite Open-Loop Gain 11.2.2 Nonzero Output Resistance 11.2.3 Finite Input Resistance 11.2.4 Summary of Nonideal Inverting and Noninverting Amplifiers 11.3 Series and Shunt Feedback Circuits 11.3.1 Feedback Amplifier Categories 11.3.2 Voltage Amplifiers—Series-Shunt Feedback 11.3.3 Transimpedance Amplifiers—Shunt-Shunt Feedback 11.3.4 Current Amplifiers—Shunt-Series Feedback 11.3.5 Transconductance Amplifiers—Series-Series Feedback 11.4 Unified Approach to Feedback Amplifier Gain Calculations 11.4.1 Closed-Loop Gain Analysis 11.4.2 Resistance Calculations Using Blackman’s Theorem 11.5 Series-Shunt Feedback—Voltage Amplifiers 11.5.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.5.2 Input Resistance Calculations 11.5.3 Output Resistance Calculations 11.5.4 Series-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.6 Shunt-Shunt Feedback—Transresistance Amplifiers 11.6.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.6.2 Input Resistance Calculations 11.6.3 Output Resistance Calculations 11.6.4 Shunt-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.7 Series-Series Feedback—Transconductance Amplifiers 11.7.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.7.2 Input Resistance Calculation 11.7.3 Output Resistance Calculation 11.7.4 Series-Series Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.8 Shunt-Series Feedback—Current Amplifiers 11.8.1 Closed-Loop Gain Calculation 11.8.2 Input Resistance Calculation 11.8.3 Output Resistance Calculation 11.8.4 Shunt-Series Feedback Amplifier Summary 11.9 Finding the Loop Gain Using Successive Voltage and Current Injection 11.9.1 Simplifications 11.10 Distortion Reduction through the Use of Feedback 11.11 DC Error Sources and Output Range Limitations 11.11.1 Input-Offset Voltage 11.11.2 Offset-Voltage Adjustment 11.11.3 Input-Bias and Offset Currents 11.11.4 Output Voltage and Current Limits 11.12 Common-Mode Rejection and Input Resistance 11.12.1 Finite Common-Mode Rejection Ratio 11.12.2 Why Is CMRR Important 11.12.3 Voltage-Follower Gain Error Due to CMRR 11.12.4 Common-Mode Input Resistance 11.12.5 An Alternate Interpretation of CMRR 11.12.6 Power Supply Rejection Ratio 11.13 Frequency Response and Bandwidth of Operational Amplifiers 11.13.1 Frequency Response of the Noninverting Amplifier 11.13.2 Inverting Amplifier Frequency Response 11.13.3 Using Feedback to Control Frequency Response 11.13.4 Large-Signal Limitations—Slew Rate and Full-Power Bandwidth 11.13.5 Macro Model for Operational Amplifier Frequency Response 11.13.6 Complete Op Amp Macro Models in SPICE 11.13.7 Examples of Commercial General-Purpose Operational Amplifiers 11.14 Stability of Feedback Amplifiers 11.14.1 The Nyquist Plot 11.14.2 First-Order Systems 11.14.3 Second-Order Systems and Phase Margin 11.14.4 Step Response and Phase Margin 11.14.5 Third-Order Systems and Gain Margin 11.14.6 Determining Stability from the Bode Plot Summary Key Terms References Problems CHAPTER 12 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS 12.1 Cascaded Amplifiers 12.1.1 Two-Port Representations 12.1.2 Amplifier Terminology Review 12.1.3 Frequency Response of Cascaded Amplifiers 12.2 The Instrumentation Amplifier 12.3 Active Filters 12.3.1 Low-Pass Filter 12.3.2 A High-Pass Filter with Gain 12.3.3 Band-Pass Filter 12.3.4 Sensitivity 12.3.5 Magnitude and Frequency Scaling 12.4 Switched-Capacitor Circuits 12.4.1 A Switched-Capacitor Integrator 12.4.2 Noninverting SC Integrator 12.4.3 Switched-Capacitor Filters 12.5 Digital-to-Analog Conversion 12.5.1 D/A Converter Fundamentals 12.5.2 D/A Converter Errors 12.5.3 Digital-to-Analog Converter Circuits 12.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 12.6.1 A/D Converter Fundamentals 12.6.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter Errors 12.6.3 Basic A/D Conversion Techniques 12.7 Oscillators 12.7.1 The Barkhausen Criteria for Oscillation 12.7.2 Oscillators Employing Frequency-Selective RC Networks 12.8 Nonlinear Circuit Applications 12.8.1 A Precision Half-Wave Rectifier 12.8.2 Nonsaturating Precision-Rectifier Circuit 12.9 Circuits Using Positive Feedback 12.9.1 The Comparator and Schmitt Trigger 12.9.2 The Astable Multivibrator 12.9.3 The Monostable Multivibrator or One Shot Summary Key Terms Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 13 DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER DESIGN 13.1 Differential Amplifiers 13.1.1 Bipolar and MOS Differential Amplifiers 13.1.2 dc Analysis of the Bipolar Differential Amplifier 13.1.3 Transfer Characteristic for the Bipolar Differential Amplifier 13.1.4 ac Analysis of the Bipolar Differential Amplifier 13.1.5 Differential-Mode Gain and Input and Output Resistances 13.1.6 Common-Mode Gain and Input Resistance 13.1.7 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR 13.1.8 Analysis Using Differential- and Common-Mode Half-Circuits 13.1.9 Biasing with Electronic Current Sources 13.1.10 Modeling the Electronic Current Source in SPICE 13.1.11 dc Analysis of the MOSFET Differential Amplifier 13.1.12 Differential-Mode Input Signals 13.1.13 Small-Signal Transfer Characteristic for the MOS Differential Amplifier 13.1.14 Common-Mode Input Signals 13.1.15 Model for Differential Pairs 13.2 Evolution to Basic Operational Amplifiers 13.2.1 A Two-Stage Prototype for an Operational Amplifier 13.2.2 Improving the Op Amp Voltage Gain 13.2.3 Darlington Pairs 13.2.4 Output Resistance Reduction 13.2.5 A CMOS Operational Amplifier Prototype 13.2.6 BiCMOS Amplifiers 13.2.7 All Transistor Implementations 13.3 Output Stages 13.3.1 The Source Follower—a Class-A Output Stage 13.3.2 Efficiency of Class-A Amplifiers 13.3.3 Class-B Push-Pull Output Stage 13.3.4 Class-AB Amplifiers 13.3.5 Class-AB Output Stages for Operational Amplifiers 13.3.6 Short-Circuit Protection 13.3.7 Transformer Coupling 13.4 Electronic Current Sources 13.4.1 Single-Transistor Current Sources 13.4.2 Figure of Merit for Current Sources 13.4.3 Higher Output Resistance Sources 13.4.4 Current Source Design Examples Summary Key Terms References Additional Reading Problems CHAPTER 14 ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN TECHNIQUES 14.1 Circuit Element Matching 14.2 Current Mirrors 14.2.1 dc Analysis of the MOS Transistor Current Mirror 14.2.2 Changing the MOS Mirror Ratio 14.2.3 dc Analysis of the Bipolar Transistor Current Mirror 14.2.4 Altering the BJT Current Mirror Ratio 14.2.5 Multiple Current Sources 14.2.6 Buffered Current Mirror 14.2.7 Output Resistance of the Current Mirrors 14.2.8 Two-Port Model for the Current Mirror 14.2.9 The Widlar Current Source 14.2.10 The MOS Version of the Widlar Source 14.2.11 MOS Widlar Source in Weak Inversion 14.3 High-Output-Resistance Current Mirrors 14.3.1 The Wilson Current Sources 14.3.2 Output Resistance of the Wilson Source 14.3.3 Cascode Current Sources 14.3.4 Output Resistance of the Cascode Sources 14.3.5 Regulated Cascode Current Source 14.3.6 Current Mirror Summary 14.4 Reference Current Generation 14.5 Supply-Independent Biasing 14.5.1 A V BE -Based Reference 14.5.2 The Widlar Source 14.5.3 Power-Supply-Independent Bias Cell 14.5.4 A Supply-Independent MOS Reference Cell 14.6 The Bandgap Reference 14.7 The Current Mirror as an Active Load 14.7.1 CMOS Differential Amplifier with Active Load 14.7.2 Bipolar Differential Amplifier with Active Load 14.8 Active Loads in Operational Amplifiers 14.8.1 CMOS Op-Amp Voltage Gain 14.8.2 dc Design Considerations 14.8.3 Bipolar Operational Amplifiers 14.8.4 Input Stage Breakdown 14.9 The µA741 Operational Amplifier 14.9.1 Overall Circuit Operation 14.9.2 Bias Circuitry 14.9.3 dc Analysis of the 741 Input Stage 14.9.4 ac Analysis of the 741 Input Stage 14.9.5 Voltage Gain of the Complete Amplifier 14.9.6 The 741 Output Stage 14.9.7 Output Resistance 14.9.8 Short-Circuit Protection 14.9.9 Summary of the µA741 Operational Amplifier Characteristics 14.10 The Gilbert Analog Multiplier Summary Key Terms References Additional Readings Problems CHAPTER 15 TRANSISTOR FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS 15.1 Basic Feedback System Review 15.1.1 Closed-Loop Gain 15.1.2 Closed-Loop Impedances 15.1.3 Feedback Effects 15.2 Feedback Amplifier Analysis at Midband 15.2.1 Closed-Loop Gain 15.2.2 Input Resistance 15.2.3 Output Resistance 15.2.4 Offset Voltage Calculation 15.3 Feedback Amplifier Circuit Examples 15.3.1 Series-Shunt Feedback—Voltage Amplifiers 15.3.2 Differential Input Series-Shunt Voltage Amplifier 15.3.3 Shunt-Shunt Feedback—Transresistance Amplifiers 15.3.4 Series-Series Feedback—Transconductance Amplifiers 15.3.5 Shunt-Series Feedback—Current Amplifiers 15.4 Review of Feedback Amplifier Stability 15.4.1 Closed-Loop Response of the Uncompensated Amplifier 15.4.2 Phase Margin 15.4.3 Higher-Order Effects 15.4.4 Response of the Compensated Amplifier 15.4.5 Small-Signal Limitations 15.5 Single-Pole Operational Amplifier Compensation 15.5.1 Three-Stage Op-Amp Analysis 15.5.2 Transmission Zeros in FET Op Amps 15.5.3 Bipolar Amplifier Compensation 15.5.4 Slew Rate of the Operational Amplifier 15.5.5 Relationships between Slew Rate and Gain-Bandwidth Product 15.6 High-Frequency Oscillators 15.6.1 The Colpitts Oscillator 15.6.2 The Hartley Oscillator 15.6.3 Amplitude Stabilization In LC Oscillators 15.6.4 Negative Resistance in Oscillators 15.6.5 Negative Gm Oscillator 15.6.6 Crystal Oscillators 15.6.7 Ring Oscillators 15.6.8 Positive Feedback and Latchup Summary Key Terms Additional Readings Problems APPENDICES A Standard Discrete Component Values B Solid-State Device Models and SPICE Simulation Parameters C Two-Port Review D Physical Constants and Transistor Model Summary Index
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English [en] · PDF · 184.5MB · 2023 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/zlib · Save
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