Though shorter than Truth and Method1 and, as Gadamer readily acknowledges, not a completely unified study, "The Idea of the Good in Platonic-Aristotelian Philosophy" must be counted nonetheless among Gadamer's most important books.

Plato's The Republic is widely acknowledged as the cornerstone of Western philosophy. Presented in the form of a dialogue between Socrates and three different interlocutors, it is an inquiry into the notion of a perfect community and the ideal individual within it. During the conversation other questions are raised: what is goodness; what is reality; what is knowledge? The Republic also addresses the purpose of education and the role of both women and men as "guardians" of the people. With remarkable lucidity and deft use of allegory, Plato arrives at a depiction of a state bound by harmony and ruled by "philosopher kings."For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

Written in the form of debates, Great Dialogues of Plato comprises the most influential body of philosophy of the Western world—covering every subject from art and beauty to virtue and the nature of love.

Stephen Gersh deals here with the Platonic tradition in European thought from the 4th to the 14th century. During this period one can distinguish an earlier phase, consisting of the work of ancient Greek commentators who possessed Plato's original works, and a later phase comprising the activities of medieval Latin scholars who, in the absence of most or all of Plato's own works, derived their own version of 'Platonism' from the patristic and secular writers of late antiquity. The essays collected in this volume deal with such important figures in the history of Platonism as Porphyry, Proclus, Boethius, Eriugena, Anselm of Canterbury, and Thierry of Chartres, and together serve to demonstrate the variety, continuity, and especially creativity of these writers. Also notable is the light which many of the essays cast not only on the dialectical or logical aspects usually emphasized by historians of philosophy, but also on the grammatical, rhetorical, and even semiotic elements of texts.Poorly aligned scan

Product Description Writing in the fourth century B.C., in an Athens that had suffered a humiliating defeat in the Peloponnesian War, Plato formulated questions that have haunted the moral, religious, and political imagination of the West for more than 2,000 years: what is virtue? How should we love? What constitutes a good society? Is there a soul that outlasts the body and a truth that transcends appearance? What do we know and how do we know it? Plato's inquiries were all the more resonant because he couched them in the form of dramatic and often highly comic dialogues, whose principal personage was the ironic, teasing, and relentlessly searching philosopher Socrates.In this splendid collection, Scott Buchanan brings together the most important of Plato's dialogues, including Protagoras, The Symposium, with its barbed conjectures about the relation between love and madness, Phaedo and The Republic, his monumental work of political philosophy. Buchanan's learned and engaging introduction allows us to see Plato both as a commentator on his society and as a shaper of the societies that followed, who bequeathed to us a hunger for the ideal as well as a redeeming habit of humane skepticism.

A cosmology is a narrative concerning the creation of the universe. Many ancient philosophers have written or elaborated this kind of work. The Platonic dialogue __Timeus__ is an account of the work of the creator god (called the demiurge - or artisan) sculpting the chaotic material world in accordance with the immaterial model of the Ideas. But the text was written in a very hermetic and symbolic language, making its interpretation difficult or even impossible without the knowledge of the references and symbols used by Plato. This book is a complete translation of the text followed by a comprehensive commentary explaining in detail every passage. Francis MacDonald Cornford is one of the most important ancient philosophy scholars, and this work reveals his deep knowledge of Platonic and Greek thought. It is a must have for anyone interested in greek and Platonic philosophy.

A new reading of Plato’s philosophy that reveals it as deeply shaped by his experiences in Athens. Plato is a key figure from the beginnings of Western philosophy, yet the impact of his lived experience on his thought has rarely been explored. Born during a war that would lead to Athens’ decline, Plato lived in turbulent times. Carol Atack explores how Plato’s life in Athens influenced his thought, how he developed the Socratic dialogue into a powerful philosophical tool, and how he used the institutions of Athenian society to create a compelling imaginative world. Accessibly written, this book shows how Plato made Athens the place where diverse ideas were integrated into a new way of approaching the big questions about our lives, then and now.

www.delphiclassics.com Ancient Classics

Outstanding translations by leading contemporary scholars--many commissioned especially for this volume--are presented here in the first single edition to include the entire surviving corpus of works attributed to Plato in antiquity. In his introductory essay, John Cooper explains the presentation of these works, discusses questions concerning the chronology of their composition, comments on the dialogue form in which Plato wrote, and offers guidance on approaching the reading and study of Plato's works. Also included are concise introductions by Cooper and Hutchinson to each translation, meticulous annotation designed to serve both scholar and general reader, and a comprehensive index. This handsome volume offers fine paper and a high-quality Smyth-sewn cloth binding in a sturdy, elegant edition.

Toward the end of the astonishing period of Athenian creativity that furnished Western civilization with the greater part of its intellectual, artistic, and political wealth, Plato wrote The Republic , his discussion of the nature and meaning of justice and of the ideal state and its ruler. All subsequent European thinking about these subjects owes its character, directly or indirectly, to this most famous (and most accessible) of the Platonic dialogues. Although he describes a society that looks to some like the ideal human community and to others like a totalitarian nightmare, in the course of his description Plato raises enduringly relevant questions about politics, art, education, and the general conduct of life. The translation is by A. D. Lindsay. (Book Jacket Status: Jacketed) From the Hardcover edition.

Toward the end of the astonishing period of Athenian creativity that furnished Western civilization with the greater part of its intellectual, artistic, and political wealth, Plato wrote The Republic , his discussion of the nature and meaning of justice and of the ideal state and its ruler. All subsequent European thinking about these subjects owes its character, directly or indirectly, to this most famous (and most accessible) of the Platonic dialogues. Although he describes a society that looks to some like the ideal human community and to others like a totalitarian nightmare, in the course of his description Plato raises enduringly relevant questions about politics, art, education, and the general conduct of life.  The translation is by A. D. Lindsay.

A giant of the ancient literary world, Plato has shaped the works of many other great minds. This erudite collection offers all of Plato's works, including each and every one of the apocrypha texts, as well as all of Plato's original Greek texts. There are many other Plato collections available for the EReader, which is why we have made our edition particularly special, with bonus biographies, a scholarly criticism section and numerous other bonus features. (Version 1) Features: ALL of the dialogues, with excellent formatting ALL of the spurious works in English translation, including texts often missed out of other collections individual contents tables for the longer dialogues, enabling you to navigate the texts with ease concise introductions for all of the works, giving valuable contextual information includes Plato's epigrams and epistles many of the translations have also appeared in the famous Loeb Classical Library editions of... Classic literature and art

Indulge Yourself with the Classical Greek Philosophical Dialogues on Your PDA. Navigate easily to any chapter from Table of Contents or search for the words or phrases. Plato's biography and 2 dialogues in the trial version. . Table of Contents List of Plato's Dialogues by Period List of Dialogues in Alphabetical Order Plato Biography About and Navigation List of Plato's Dialogues by Period Early dialogues: Apology | Crito | Charmides | Laches, or; Courage | Lysis, or; Friendship | Euthyphro | Menexenus | Ion The following are variously considered transitional or middle period dialogues: Gorgias | Protagoras | Meno Middle dialogues: Euthydemus | Cratylus | Phaedo | Phaedrus | Symposium | The Republic | Theaetetus | Parmenides Late dialogues: Sophist | Statesman | Philebus | Timaeus | Critias | Laws Philosophy

www.delphiclassics.com Ancient Classics

Plato, the great philosopher of Athens, was born in 427 BCE. In early manhood an admirer of Socrates, he later founded the famous school of philosophy in the grove Academus. Much else recorded of his life is uncertain; that he left Athens for a time after Socrates' execution is probable; that later he went to Cyrene, Egypt, and Sicily is possible; that he was wealthy is likely; that he was critical of 'advanced' democracy is obvious. He lived to be 80 years old. Linguistic tests including those of computer science still try to establish the order of his extant philosophical dialogues, written in splendid prose and revealing Socrates' mind fused with Plato's thought. In Laches, Charmides, and Lysis, Socrates and others discuss separate ethical conceptions. Protagoras, Ion, and Meno discuss whether righteousness can be taught. In Gorgias, Socrates is estranged from his city's thought, and his fate is impending. The Apology (not a dialogue), Crito, Euthyphro, and the unforgettable Phaedo relate the trial and death of Socrates and propound the immortality of the soul. In the famous Symposium and Phaedrus, written when Socrates was still alive, we find the origin and meaning of love. Cratylus discusses the nature of language. The great masterpiece in ten books, the Republic, concerns righteousness (and involves education, equality of the sexes, the structure of society, and abolition of slavery). Of the six so-called dialectical dialogues Euthydemus deals with philosophy; metaphysical Parmenides is about general concepts and absolute being; Theaetetus reasons about the theory of knowledge. Of its sequels, Sophist deals with not-being; Politicus with good and bad statesmanship and governments; Philebus with what is good. The Timaeus seeks the origin of the visible universe out of abstract geometrical elements. The unfinished Critias treats of lost Atlantis. Unfinished also is Plato's last work of the twelve books of Laws (Socrates is absent from it), a critical discussion of principles of law which Plato thought the Greeks might accept. The Loeb Classical Library edition of Plato is in twelve volumes.

The Dialogues of Plato, Volume II (1892)......Page 1 Front Matter......Page 0 Publishing Info......Page 2 Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Info......Page 4 Contents......Page 5 PFG Note......Page 7 Meno......Page 8 Introduction, p. 3......Page 10 Meno, p. 27......Page 34 PFG Note......Page 60 PFG Note......Page 71 PFG Note......Page 74 Euthyphro......Page 75 Introduction, p. 67......Page 77 Euthyphro, p. 75......Page 85 Apology, p. 95......Page 105 Introduction, p. 97......Page 107 Apology, p. 109......Page 119 Crito......Page 147 PFG Note......Page 148 Introduction, p. 139......Page 152 Crito, p. 143......Page 156 Phaedo......Page 170 Introduction, p. 159......Page 172 Phaedo, p. 195......Page 208 PFG Note......Page 245 Gorgias......Page 281 Introduction, p. 269......Page 283 Gorgias, p. 325......Page 339 PFG Note......Page 428 Appendix I, p. 423......Page 446 Lesser Hippias......Page 456 Introduction, p. 435......Page 458 Lesser Hippias, p. 439......Page 462 Alcibiades I......Page 480 Introduction, p. 459......Page 482 Alcibiades I, p. 463......Page 486 Menexenus......Page 534 Introduction, p. 513......Page 536 Menexenus, p. 517......Page 540 Appendix II: Alcibiades II, Eryxias......Page 558 Appendix II, p. 537......Page 560 Alcibiades II, p. 539......Page 562 Eryxias......Page 578 Introduction, p. 557......Page 580 Eryxias, p. 559......Page 582 End of Volume II, p. 576......Page 599

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. From Elizabeth Watson Scharffenberger’s Introduction to Republic The conversation in Republic begins simply enough. Socrates, who has plainly been on familiar terms with Polemarchus’ family for a long time, forthrightly asks Cephalus about old age. His response, that aging is not as difficult as it is often reported to be, prompts Socrates to wonder out loud whether Cephalus’ easygoing attitude is in part facilitated by his wealth. The old man’s response is affirmative. The wealthy, he asserts, face death without fear; their resources enable them to satisfy their debts to gods and men and also to avoid lying and cheating, and thus they can die with the confidence that they will not be punished in the afterlife. These remarks are what precipitate the discussion of just behavior and moral conduct, which Socrates introduces as he asks his elderly friend whether “justice” ( dikaiosynê ) simply consists of paying debts and telling the truth. Cephalus politely bows out of the conversation, leaving his son Polemarchus to argue that justice—meaning “right behavior” in general—does indeed consist of paying debts and giving “what is due,” as poets such as Simonides claim. Socrates, however, quickly leads Polemarchus to realize that there are serious logical problems with this traditional conception of justice, in which “what is due” is defined in terms of “help” to “friends” and “harm” to “enemies,” and the young man is left perplexed. At this point, Thrasymachus leaps into the discussion, asserting that justice is simply “the advantage of the stronger,” by which he clearly means that “justice” is relative—that is, “right behavior” is whatever those in power determine it to be. With a series of questions that recall those he just posed to Polemarchus, Socrates uncovers logical problems in Thrasymachus’ definition as well. Thrasymachus, however, does not give up. Exploding in frustration at Socrates’ naive assumptions about the responsibilities that the powerful bear to those who are under their control, he reformulates his ideas with a bold new emphasis evocative of Antiphon’s thinking in “On Truth.” “Justice”—that is, the circumspect avoidance of doing “wrong” to others and obedience to social rules—is doing what is advantageous to another, who is stronger and more powerful than oneself. “Injustice,” on the other hand, is doing what is to one’s own advantage by taking what one wants regardless of social rules and by aggrandizing oneself at the expense of others. It is what leads to “happiness,” provided that one is not penalized for one’s exploitations. Tyrants who kill and confiscate and rape at will, according to Thrasymachus, are the happiest men of all. Although Socrates is able to poke holes through the logic of this new formulation with questions that hark back once again to those he has already posed, Thrasymachus’ sulky concessions leave him unconvinced that he has made an effective case for the connection between justice, which through all has not been adequately defined, and “happiness.” Nor are Glaucon and Adeimantus convinced, and it is their persistence at the beginning of book 2 that launches the more systematic and extensive inquiry into the nature of justice and its relationship to happiness that occupies the rest of Republic . In particular, the brothers ask Socrates to explain how justice is in itself the source of happiness, regardless of whether it is recognized and rewarded, and how the just man can be happy, regardless of his material circumstances. The challenges of defining justice and understanding its effects on long-term happiness, fulfillment, and well-being—all of which are conveyed by the Greek word eudaimonia —lead to the discussion of the ideal city-state, which is posited as a large-scale vehicle for apprehending the operations of justice in the individual. Socrates, Glaucon, and Adeimantus spend a good deal of time and energy discussing how the ideal state will be organized, and how its classes of warriors and leaders will be selected, educated, and provided for; they are especially concerned in books 2 and 3 with the training and acculturation of guardian children, whose exposure to poetry ( Iliad and Odyssey in particular) is to be severely curtailed lest they learn harmful values and patterns of behavior. Yet the three never lose sight of the goals of their examination. By the end of book 4, they arrive at a working (and, in several regards, striking) definition of justice as the condition, or state of being, in which each person in the community—and each element of the individual human soul ( psyche )—minds his/her/its own business and does his/her/its own “work.” Since it has been determined that there is in the human soul, as in human society, a natural ruling element, justice is thus equated with the unencumbered rule of these elements: the “gold” class of guardians in the ideal state, which holds sway over the silver and bronze/iron classes, and, in the individual, the rational part of the soul that ought to be master of both “spirit” and appetites. classics,History,Philosophy,Politics,Non-Fiction

Plato's The Republic is widely acknowledged as the cornerstone of Western philosophy. Presented in the form of a dialogue between Socrates and three different interlocutors, it is an inquiry into the notion of a perfect community and the ideal individual within it. During the conversation other questions are raised: what is goodness; what is reality; what is knowledge? The Republic also addresses the purpose of education and the role of both women and men as "guardians" of the people. With remarkable lucidity and deft use of allegory, Plato arrives at a depiction of a state bound by harmony and ruled by "philosopher kings.

"Julia Annas provides an incisive exploration of the many-sided and elusive genius whose wide-ranging, bold, and influential ideas continue to challenge, provoke, and inspire us today"--Page 4 of cover.

Cover 1 Title 4 Copyright 5 Original Title 6 Original Copyright 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 8 CONTENTS 10 INTRODUCTION 12 CHAPTER I THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND 20 CHAPTER II SOCRATES 33 CHAPTER III THE CHARACTER OF PLATO’S DIALOGUES 56 CHAPTER IV THE “ REPUBLIC” 79 CHAPTER V THE “ LAWS” 172 CHAPTER VI LOVE AND PHILOSOPHY 195

Untitled001......Page 1 Untitled002......Page 2 Untitled003......Page 3 Untitled004......Page 4 Untitled005......Page 5 Untitled006......Page 6 Untitled007......Page 7 Untitled008......Page 8 Untitled009......Page 9 Untitled010......Page 10 Untitled011......Page 11 Untitled012......Page 12 Untitled013......Page 13 Untitled014......Page 14 Untitled015......Page 15 Untitled016......Page 16 Untitled017......Page 17 Untitled018......Page 18 Untitled019......Page 19 Untitled020......Page 20 Untitled021......Page 21 Untitled022......Page 22 Untitled023......Page 23 Untitled024......Page 24 Untitled025......Page 25 Untitled026......Page 26 Untitled027......Page 27 Untitled028......Page 28 Untitled029......Page 29 Untitled030......Page 30 Untitled031......Page 31 Untitled032......Page 32 Untitled033......Page 33 Untitled034......Page 34 Untitled035......Page 35 Untitled036......Page 36 Untitled037......Page 37 Untitled038......Page 38 Untitled039......Page 39 Untitled040......Page 40 Untitled041......Page 41 Untitled042......Page 42 Untitled043......Page 43 Untitled044......Page 44 Untitled045......Page 45 Untitled046......Page 46 Untitled047......Page 47 Untitled048......Page 48 Untitled049......Page 49 Untitled050......Page 50 Untitled051......Page 51 Untitled052......Page 52 Untitled053......Page 53 Untitled054......Page 54 Untitled055......Page 55 Untitled056......Page 56 Untitled057......Page 57 Untitled058......Page 58 Untitled059......Page 59 Untitled060......Page 60 Untitled061......Page 61 Untitled062......Page 62 Untitled063......Page 63 Untitled064......Page 64 Untitled065......Page 65 Untitled066......Page 66 Untitled067......Page 67 Untitled068......Page 68 Untitled069......Page 69 Untitled070......Page 70 Untitled071......Page 71 Untitled072......Page 72 Untitled073......Page 73 Untitled074......Page 74 Untitled075......Page 75 Untitled076......Page 76 Untitled077......Page 77 Untitled078......Page 78 Untitled079......Page 79 Untitled080......Page 80 Untitled081......Page 81 Untitled082......Page 82 Untitled083......Page 83 Untitled084......Page 84 Untitled085......Page 85 Untitled086......Page 86 Untitled087......Page 87 Untitled088......Page 88 Untitled089......Page 89 Untitled090......Page 90 Untitled091......Page 91 Untitled092......Page 92 Untitled093......Page 93 Untitled094......Page 94 Untitled095......Page 95 Untitled096......Page 96 Untitled097......Page 97 Untitled098......Page 98 Untitled099......Page 99 Untitled100......Page 100 Untitled101......Page 101 Untitled102......Page 102 Untitled103......Page 103 Untitled104......Page 104 Untitled105......Page 105 Untitled106......Page 106 Untitled107......Page 107 Untitled108......Page 108 Untitled109......Page 109 Untitled110......Page 110 Untitled111......Page 111 Untitled112......Page 112 Untitled113......Page 113 Untitled114......Page 114 Untitled115......Page 115 Untitled116......Page 116 Untitled117......Page 117 Untitled118......Page 118 Untitled119......Page 119 Untitled120......Page 120 Untitled121......Page 121 Untitled122......Page 122 Untitled123......Page 123 Untitled124......Page 124 Untitled125......Page 125 Untitled126......Page 126 Untitled127......Page 127 Untitled128......Page 128 Untitled129......Page 129 Untitled130......Page 130 Untitled131......Page 131 Untitled132......Page 132 Untitled133......Page 133 Untitled134......Page 134 Untitled135......Page 135 Untitled136......Page 136 Untitled137......Page 137 Untitled138......Page 138 Untitled139......Page 139 Untitled140......Page 140 Untitled141......Page 141 Untitled142......Page 142 Untitled143......Page 143 Untitled144......Page 144 Untitled145......Page 145 Untitled146......Page 146 Untitled147......Page 147 Untitled148......Page 148 Untitled149......Page 149 Untitled150......Page 150 Untitled151......Page 151 Untitled152......Page 152 Untitled153......Page 153 Untitled154......Page 154 Untitled155......Page 155 Untitled156......Page 156 Untitled157......Page 157 Untitled158......Page 158 Untitled159......Page 159 Untitled160......Page 160 Untitled161......Page 161 Untitled162......Page 162 Untitled163......Page 163 Untitled164......Page 164 Untitled165......Page 165 Untitled166......Page 166 Untitled167......Page 167 Untitled168......Page 168 Untitled169......Page 169 Untitled170......Page 170 Untitled171......Page 171 Untitled172......Page 172 Untitled173......Page 173 Untitled174......Page 174 Untitled175......Page 175 Untitled176......Page 176 Untitled177......Page 177 Untitled178......Page 178 Untitled179......Page 179 Untitled180......Page 180 Untitled181......Page 181 Untitled182......Page 182 Untitled183......Page 183 Untitled184......Page 184 Untitled185......Page 185 Untitled186......Page 186 Untitled187......Page 187 Untitled188......Page 188 Untitled189......Page 189 Untitled190......Page 190 Untitled191......Page 191 Untitled192......Page 192 Untitled193......Page 193 Untitled194......Page 194 Untitled195......Page 195 Untitled196......Page 196 Untitled197......Page 197 Untitled198......Page 198 Untitled199......Page 199 Untitled200......Page 200 Untitled201......Page 201 Untitled202......Page 202 Untitled203......Page 203 Untitled204......Page 204 Untitled205......Page 205 Untitled206......Page 206 Untitled207......Page 207 Untitled208......Page 208 Untitled209......Page 209 Untitled210......Page 210 Untitled211......Page 211 Untitled212......Page 212 Untitled213......Page 213 Untitled214......Page 214 Untitled215......Page 215 Untitled216......Page 216 Untitled217......Page 217 Untitled218......Page 218 Untitled219......Page 219 Untitled220......Page 220 Untitled221......Page 221 Untitled222......Page 222 Untitled223......Page 223 Untitled224......Page 224 Untitled225......Page 225 Untitled226......Page 226 Untitled227......Page 227 Untitled228......Page 228 Untitled229......Page 229 Untitled230......Page 230 Untitled231......Page 231 Untitled232......Page 232 Untitled233......Page 233 Untitled234......Page 234 Untitled235......Page 235 Untitled236......Page 236 Untitled237......Page 237 Untitled238......Page 238 Untitled239......Page 239 Untitled240......Page 240 Untitled241......Page 241 Untitled242......Page 242 Untitled243......Page 243 Untitled244......Page 244 Untitled245......Page 245 Untitled246......Page 246 Untitled247......Page 247 Untitled248......Page 248 Untitled249......Page 249 Untitled250......Page 250 Untitled251......Page 251 Untitled252......Page 252 Untitled253......Page 253 Untitled254......Page 254 Untitled255......Page 255 Untitled256......Page 256 Untitled257......Page 257 Untitled258......Page 258 Untitled259......Page 259 Untitled260......Page 260 Untitled261......Page 261 Untitled262......Page 262 Untitled263......Page 263 Untitled264......Page 264 Untitled265......Page 265 Untitled266......Page 266 Untitled267......Page 267 Untitled268......Page 268 Untitled269......Page 269 Untitled270......Page 270 Untitled271......Page 271 Untitled272......Page 272 Untitled273......Page 273 Untitled274......Page 274 Untitled275......Page 275 Untitled276......Page 276 Untitled277......Page 277 Untitled278......Page 278 Untitled279......Page 279 Untitled280......Page 280 Untitled281......Page 281 Untitled282......Page 282 Untitled283......Page 283 Untitled284......Page 284 Untitled285......Page 285 Untitled286......Page 286 Untitled287......Page 287 Untitled288......Page 288 Untitled289......Page 289 Untitled290......Page 290 Untitled291......Page 291 Untitled292......Page 292 Untitled293......Page 293 Untitled294......Page 294 Untitled295......Page 295 Untitled296......Page 296 Untitled297......Page 297 Untitled298......Page 298 Untitled299......Page 299 Untitled300......Page 300 Untitled301......Page 301 Untitled302......Page 302 Untitled303......Page 303 Untitled304......Page 304 Untitled305......Page 305 Untitled306......Page 306 Untitled307......Page 307 Untitled308......Page 308 Untitled309......Page 309 Untitled310......Page 310 Untitled311......Page 311 Untitled312......Page 312 Untitled313......Page 313 Untitled314......Page 314 Untitled315......Page 315 Untitled316......Page 316 Untitled317......Page 317 Untitled318......Page 318 Untitled319......Page 319 Untitled320......Page 320

Plato (428/427–348/347 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and mathematician of the Classic Age who founded the Academy of Athens. Noted as a student of Socrates, Plato has distinguished himself as one of the founders of Western philosophy by recording the teachings of his master and his own philosophies in 35 dialogues and 13 letters (some are disputed as spurious). However, this collection features only 25 authentic works from the reproduced source. Benjamin Jowett is credited for translating these works into English. While there are many websites online where one may find digital copies of his translations, the source of the copies reproduced for this publication may be found at the online library of the University of Adelaide in South Australia, usable under the freedoms specified by a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/au/). [C:\Users\Microsoft\Documents\Calibre Library]

In this revolutionary new study, G.R. Ledger applies the statistical methods of stylometry to a number of ancient authors. By taking as the set of variables the occurrence of particular letters of the alphabet, Ledger comes far closer to being able to identify the works of particular authors than previous stylometric studies based on individual word counts. A preliminary analysis examines the work of several Greek authors of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C., and is followed by an extensive, detailed examination of the Platonic corpus. From this, Ledger draws new conclusions about the authenticity of the dubious dialogues and the chronology of the entire corpus.

This book helps understand Plato's writings by describing the circumstances in which they were produced. The author begins with an account of Plato's life and development and a brief analysis of some of the more difficult points arising from the criticism of Plato's writings. The remainder of the work considers the total setting – political, literary and philosophical – in which Plato's writings were produced. There are extensive appendices on the Platonic Epistles, Aristotle and the Theory of Ideas, and on the post-Aristotelian tradition. The result is both a lucid account of Plato himself and a comprehensive view of culture in fifth century Greece.

Phaedrus is widely recognized as one of Plato's most profound and beautiful works. It takes the form of a dialogue between Socrates and Phaedrus and its ostensible subject is love, especially homoerotic love. This new translation is accompanied by an introduction, further reading, and full notes on the text and translation that discuss the structure of the dialogue and elucidate issues that might puzzle the modern reader.

The Republic is a Socratic dialogue by Plato, written in approximately 380 BC. It is one of the most influential works of philosophy and political theory, and Plato's best known work. In Plato's fictional dialogues the characters of Socrates as well as various Athenians and foreigners discuss the meaning of justice and examine whether the just man is happier than the unjust man by imagining a society ruled by philosopher-kings and the guardians. The dialogue also discusses the role of the philosopher, Plato's Theory of Forms, the place of poetry, and the immortality of the soul.

Cover 1 Half-title 3 Title 5 Copyright 6 Contents 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction 11 Music and philosophy 11 Plato’s philosophy of mind 13 Plato’s philosophy of music 16 A journey through music and philosophy 19 Chapter 1 Musical education of sensibility 24 Music in early childhood and musical education 24 The theory of thos and musical mimesis 39 Chapter 2 Moving to music: a therapy for the rational soul 78 The alliance of music and soul 78 Music for thinking 99 Chapter 3 Musical education of rationality 124 Harmonics beyond sound 124 Moving towards a science of harmony 138 Chapter 4 Music in the body and soul 162 Acoustic phenomena and perceptive mechanisms 162 Sounds and voices in the dialogues 162 Physics, physiology and psychology: sound and perception 165 Physics, physiology and psychology: concord and perception 181 The musicality of the psychic structure 191 The soul, harmony of corporeal elements 191 The soul, harmony of psychic elements: breaking up and musical reassembly of the psych 194 The soul, harmony of Being, Same and Different: musical multiplicity in the rational psych 199 Conclusion 206 References 212 Index Locorum 223 General Index 236

The dramatic nature of Plato's dialogues is delightfully evident in the Symposium. The marriage between character and thought bursts forth as the guests gather at Agathon's house to celebrate the success of his first tragedy.With wit and insight, they each present their ideas about love�from Erixymachus's scientific naturalism to Aristophanes' comic fantasy. The unexpected arrival of Alcibiades breaks the spell cast by Diotima's ethereal climb up the staircase of love to beauty itself. Ecstasy and intoxication clash as Plato concludes with one of his most skillful displays of dialectic.

Writing in the fourth century B.C., in an Athens that had suffered a humiliating defeat in the Peloponnesian War, Plato formulated questions that have haunted the moral, religious, and political imagination of the West for more than 2,000 years: what is virtue? How should we love? What constitutes a good society? Is there a soul that outlasts the body and a truth that transcends appearance? What do we know and how do we know it? Plato's inquiries were all the more resonant because he couched them in the form of dramatic and often highly comic dialogues, whose principal personage was the ironic, teasing, and relentlessly searching philosopher Socrates. In this splendid collection, Scott Buchanan brings together the most important of Plato's dialogues, including Protagoras, The Symposium, with its barbed conjectures about the relation between love and madness, Phaedo and The Republic, his monumental work of political philosophy. Buchanan's learned and engaging introduction allows us to see Plato both as a commentator on his society and as a shaper of the societies that followed, who bequeathed to us a hunger for the ideal as well as a redeeming habit of humane skepticism.

Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication Page 6 Table of Contents 8 Acknowledgements 10 Introduction - The Pharmakon, Ecstasy, and Identity 12 Part One - Plato and the Politics of Intoxication 32 Chapter 1 - Wine and the Symnposion 34 Chapter 2 - The Symposion and the Question of Stasis 56 Chapter 3 - Plato's Reformulation of the Symnposion 80 Part Two - The Pharmakon and the Defense of Socrates 102 Chapter 4 - Drugs, Epic Poetry, and Religion 104 Chapter 5 - Socrates Accused 134 Chapter 6 - Socrates Rehabilitated 158 Part Three - Plato through the Prism of the Pllarmakon 178 Chapter 7 - Medicine, Drugs, and Somatic Regimen 180 Chapter 8 - Magic, Drugs, and Noetic Regimen 204 Chapter 9 - Speech, Drugs, and Discursive Regimen 236 Chapter 10 - Philosophy's Pharmacy 264 Afterword - Toward a New Ethics of the Plzarmakon 288 Bibliography 310 Indices 342 About the Author 358

Timaeus and Critias is a Socratic dialogue in two parts. A response to an account of an ideal state told by Socrates, it begins with Timaeus's theoretical exposition of the cosmos and his story describing the creation of the universe, from its very beginning to the coming of man. Timaeus introduces the idea of a creator God and speculates on the structure and composition of the physical world. Critias , the second part of Plato's dialogue, comprises an account of the rise and fall of Atlantis, an ancient, mighty and prosperous empire ruled by the descendents of Poseidon, which ultimately sank into the sea.

This second edition of the introductory volume of my work on Plato does not differ basically from the first edition. Only chapter XI, "Aletheia, A Discussion with Martin Heidegger," has undergone substancial revision. My opposition to Heidegger's interpretation of the Platonic concept of truth remains unchanged. Yet, recent extensive analysis of the meaning of aletheia in the older literature has more clearly brought out the various early meanings of the concept. It has become clear that the aspect of unhiddenness most stressed by Heidegger was present very early, but sowere the elements which later combined in Plato's lofty concept of aletheia."Plato as Geographer and Geophysicist" would be a more adequate title for chapter XV; only technical reasons prevented the change. The text of the chapter is unaltered except for a postscript on page 285.The notes have been revised and supplemented, in accord with the German third edition published in 1964. These revisions, and a few completely new notes, are presented here in a separate section as Addenda to the Second Edition. For explanation of the use an asterisk.