The book describes the evolution of economic theory, considering historical, political and scientific perspectives. It discusses economic concepts and the formation of economics as a discipline since the feudal system, passing through the formation of the State, until the present. The main economic concepts are presented, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, privatization, taxes, tariffs, the concept of currencies, stock markets, international transactions, and economic policies. The book contains a complete glossary of economic terms to help the reader.

"The subject of Signals and Systems is enormously complex, involving many concepts such as signals, mathematics and filter design that are woven together in an intricate manner. To cope with this scope and complexity, many Signals and Systems texts are often organized around the "numerical examples" of a system. With such organization, students can see through the complexity of Signals and Systems, they can learn about the distinct concepts and protocols in one part of the communication system while seeing the big picture of how all parts fit together. From a pedagogical perspective, our personal experience has been that such approach indeed works well. Based on the Authors extensive experience of teaching and research, the book is written with such a reader in mind. The Book is intended for a course on signals & systems at the senior undergraduate level and above. The authors consider all the requirements and tools used in analysis and design of discrete time systems for filter design and signal processing. Key features of the International Edition: * The extensive use of MATLAB based examples to illustrate how to solve the signals & systems problems. The textbook includes a wealth of problems with solutions. * Worked-out examples have been included to explain new and difficult concepts and to expose the reader to real-life signal processing problems. The inclusion of FIR and IIR filter design further enriches the contents of the book."-- Provided by publisher.

Sensors and Measurement Systems is an introduction to microsensors for engineering students in the final undergraduate or early graduate level, technicians who want to know more about the systems they are using, and anybody curious enough to know what microsystems and microsensors can do. The book discusses five families of sensors: - Thermal sensors - Force and pressure sensors - Inertial sensors - Magnetic field sensors - Flow sensors For each sensor, theoretical, technology and application aspects are examined. The sensor function is modelled to understand sensitivity, resolution and noise. We ask ourselves: What do we want to measure? What are possible applications? How are the sensor chips made in the cleanroom? How are they mounted and integrated in a system? After reading this book, you should be able to: - Understand important thermal, mechanical, inertial and magnetic sensors - Work with characterization parameters for sensors - Choose sensors for a given application and apply them - Understand micromachining technologies for sensors

The availability of packaged clustering programs means that anyone with data can easily do cluster analysis on it. But many users of this technology don't fully appreciate its many hidden dangers. In today's world of "grab and go algorithms," part of my motivation for writing this book is to provide users with a set of cautionary tales about cluster analysis, for it is very much an art as well as a science, and it is easy to stumble if you don't understand its pitfalls. Indeed, it is easy to trip over them even if you do! The parenthetical word usually in the title is very important, because all clustering algorithms can and do fail from time to time. Modern cluster analysis has become so technically intricate that it is often hard for the beginner or the non-specialist to appreciate and understand its many hidden dangers. Here's how Yogi Berra put it, and he was right: In theory there's no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is ~Yogi Berra This book is a step backwards, to four classical methods for clustering in small, static data sets that have all withstood the tests of time. The youngest of the four methods is now almost 50 years old: Gaussian Mixture Decomposition (GMD, 1898) SAHN Clustering (principally single linkage (SL, 1909)) Hard c-means (HCM, 1956, also widely known as (aka) "k-means") Fuzzy c-means (FCM, 1973, reduces to HCM in a certain limit) The dates are the first known writing (to me, anyway) about these four models. I am (with apologies to Marvel Comics) very comfortable in calling HCM, FCM, GMD and SL the Fantastic Four. Cluster analysis is a vast topic. The overall picture in clustering is quite overwhelming, so any attempt to swim at the deep end of the pool in even a very specialized subfield requires a lot of training. But we all start out at the shallow end (or at least that's where we should start!), and this book is aimed squarely at teaching toddlers not to be afraid of the water. There is no section of this book that, if explored in real depth, cannot be expanded into its own volume. So, if your needs are for an in-depth treatment of all the latest developments in any topic in this volume, the best I can do - what I will try to do anyway - is lead you to the pool, and show you where to jump in.

Innovation and sustainability are issues that have become very relevant in recent years. This book presents a compilation of investigations on these topics, divided into those applied in government or enterprises. The objective is to demonstrate to the audience how these issues have been worked around the world and in different scenarios. Among the papers, there are works related to economic variables, imports, exports, and analysis in different sectors such as tourism, agriculture, education, and even in countries in general.

The operational theme permeating most definitions of the IoT concept, is the wireless communication of networked objects, in particular, smart sensing devices and machines, exchanging data a la Internet. In this book, a detailed look is taken at the fundamental principles of devices and techniques whose exploitation will facilitate the development of compact, power-efficient, autonomous, smart, networked sensing nodes underlying and encompassing the emerging IoT era.The book provides an understanding of nanoelectromechanical quantum circuits and systems (NEMX), as exemplified by firstly the uncovering of their origins, impetus and motivation, and secondly by developing an understanding of their device physics, including, the topics of actuation, mechanical vibration and sensing. Next the fundamentals of key devices, namely, MEMS/NEMS switches, varactors and resonators are covered, including a wide range of implementations. The book then looks at their energy supply via energy harvesting, as derived from wireless energy and mechanical vibrations. Finally, after an introduction to the fundamentals of IoT networks and nodes, the book concludes with an exploration of how the NEMX components are encroaching in a variety of emerging IoT applications.

Security Architecture, or Enterprise Information security architecture, as it was originally coined by Gartner back in 2006, has been applied to many things and different areas, making a concrete definition of security architecture a difficult proposition. But having an architecture for the cyber security needs of an organization is important for many reasons, not least because having an architecture makes working with cyber security a much easier job, since we can now build on a, hopefully, solid foundation. Developing a security architecture is a daunting job for almost anyone, and in a company that has not had a cyber security program implemented before, the job becomes even harder. The benefits of having a concrete cyber security architecture in place cannot be overstated! The challenge here is that a security architecture is not something that can stand alone, it absolutely must be aligned with the business in which it is being implemented. This book emphasizes the importance, and the benefits, of having a security architecture in place. The book will be aligned with most of the sub-frameworks in the general framework called SABSA, or Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture. SABSA is comprised of several individual frameworks and there are several certifications that you can take in SABSA. Aside from getting a validation of your skills, SABSA as a framework focuses on aligning the Security Architecture with the business and its strategy. Each of the chapters in this book will be aligned with one or more of the components in SABSA, the components will be described along with the introduction to each of the chapters.

Advanced Control Systems: Theory and Applications provides an overview of advanced research lines in control systems as well as in design, development and implementation methodologies for perspective control systems and their components in different areas of industrial and special applications. It consists of extended versions of the selected papers presented at the XXV International Conference on Automatic Control "Automatics 2018" (September 18-19, 2018, Lviv, Ukraine) which is the main Ukrainian Control Conference organized by Ukrainian Association on Automatic Control (National member organization of IFAC) and Lviv National University "Lvivska Politechnica". More than 100 papers were presented at the conference with topics including: mathematical problems of control, optimization and game theory; control and identification under uncertainty; automated control of technical, technological and biotechnical objects; controlling the aerospace craft, marine vessels and other moving objects; intelligent control and information processing; mechatronics and robotics; information measuring technologies in automation; automation and IT training of personnel; the Internet of things and the latest technologies. The book is divided into two main parts, the first concerning theory (7 chapters) and the second concerning applications (7 chapters) of advanced control systems. The first part "Advances in Theoretical Research on Automatic Control" consists of theoretical research results which deal with descriptor control impulsive delay systems, motion control in condition of conflict, inverse dynamic models, invariant relations in optimal control, robust adaptive control, bio-inspired algorithms, optimization of fuzzy control systems, and extremal routing problem with constraints and complicated cost functions,. The second part "Advances in Control Systems Applications" is based on the chapters which consider different aspects of practical implementation of advanced control systems, in particular, special cases in determining the spacecraft position and attitude using computer vision system, the spacecraft orientation by information from a system of stellar sensors, control synthesis of rotational and spatial spacecraft motion at approaching stage of docking, intelligent algorithms for the automation of complex biotechnical objects, an automatic control system for the slow pyrolysis of organic substances with variable composition, simulation complex of hierarchical systems based on the foresight and cognitive modelling, and advanced identification of impulse processes in cognitive maps. The chapters have been structured to provide an easy-to-follow introduction to the topics that are addressed, including the most relevant references, so that anyone interested in this field can get started in the area. This book may be useful for researchers and students who are interesting in advanced control systems.

The book covers basic approaches to the nuclear fuel state of energy reactors in the last stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, these have been developed by the authors based on Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operational experience. The book starts by looking at the physical safety basis of water-water energetic reactor (WWER) nuclear fuel. It goes on to discuss modern approaches to the heat exchange modelling in nuclear power plant equipment. Next, the safety criteria when making a decision about dry storage for WWER-1000 fuel assembly are discussed. Then the effect of reactor capacity cyclic changes on energy accumulation of creep formations in fuel cladding is covered in full, along with a chapter on the analysis of WWER-1000 fuel cladding failure. Finally, the book finishes with a description of thermal safety criteria for dry storage of spent nuclear fuel. The book is essential reading for anyone concerned with NPP maintenance and safety.

Special functions are mathematical functions that have established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications. This short text gives clear descriptions and explanations of the Gamma function, the Probability Integral and its related functions, Spherical Harmonics Theory, The Bessel function, Hermite polynomials and Laguerre polynomials. Each chapter finishes with a description of how the function is most commonly applied and a set of examples for the student to work through.

The research presented in Aspects of Kolmogorov Complexity addresses the fundamental standard of defining randomness as measured by a Martin-Lof level of randomness as found in random sequential binary strings. A classical study of statistics that addresses both a fundamental standard of statistics as well as an applied measure for statistical communication theory. The research points to compression levels in a random state that are greater than is found in current literature. A historical overview of the field of Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Information Theory, a subfield of Information Theory, is given as well as examples using a radix 3, radix 4, and radix 5 base numbers for both random and non-random sequential strings. The text also examines monochromatic and chromatic symbols and both theoretical and applied aspects of data compression as they relate to the transmission and storage of information. The appendix contains papers on the subject given at conferences and the references are current.ContentsTechnical topics addressed in Aspects of Kolmogorov Complexity include:\* Statistical Communication Theory\* Algorithmic Information Theory\* Kolmogorov Complexity\* Martin-Lof Randomness\* Compression, Transmission and Storage of Information

The book aims to provide a broad overview of various topics of Internet of Things from the research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies, nanoelectronics, cyber physical systems, architecture, interoperability and industrial applications. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC – Internet of Things European Research Cluster from technology to international cooperation and the global "state of play".The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, development and deployment of IoT at the global level. Internet of Things is creating a revolutionary new paradigm, with opportunities in every industry from Health Care, Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Agriculture, Computer, Electronics Telecommunications, Automotive, Aeronautics, Transportation Energy and Retail to apply the massive potential of the IoT to achieving real-world solutions. The beneficiaries will include as well semiconductor companies, device and product companies, infrastructure software companies, application software companies, consulting companies, telecommunication and cloud service providers. IoT will create new revenues annually for these stakeholders, and potentially create substantial market share shakeups due to increased technology competition. The IoT will fuel technology innovation by creating the means for machines to communicate many different types of information with one another while contributing in the increased value of information created by the number of interconnections among things and the transformation of the processed information into knowledge shared into the Internet of Everything. The success of IoT depends strongly on enabling technology development, market acceptance and standardization, which provides interoperability, compatibility, reliability, and effective operations on a global scale. The connected devices are part of ecosystems connecting people, processes, data, and things which are communicating in the cloud using the increased storage and computing power and pushing for standardization of communication and metadata. In this context security, privacy, safety, trust have to be address by the product manufacturers through the life cycle of their products from design to the support processes. The IoT developments address the whole IoT spectrum - from devices at the edge to cloud and datacentres on the backend and everything in between, through ecosystems are created by industry, research and application stakeholders that enable real-world use cases to accelerate the Internet of Things and establish open interoperability standards and common architectures for IoT solutions. Enabling technologies such as nanoelectronics, sensors/actuators, cyber-physical systems, intelligent device management, smart gateways, telematics, smart network infrastructure, cloud computing and software technologies will create new products, new services, new interfaces by creating smart environments and smart spaces with applications ranging from Smart Cities, smart transport, buildings, energy, grid, to smart health and life. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Introduction• Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda• Internet of Things in the industrial context: Time for deployment.• Integration of heterogeneous smart objects, applications and services• Evolution from device to semantic and business interoperability• Software define and virtualization of network resources• Innovation through interoperability and standardisation when everything is connected anytime at anyplace• Dynamic context-aware scalable and trust-based IoT Security, Privacy framework• Federated Cloud service management and the Internet of Things• Internet of Things Applications

The book describes the evolution of economic theory, considering historical, political, and scientific perspectives. It discusses economic concepts and the formation of economics as a discipline since the feudal system, passing through the formation of the State, until the present. The main economic concepts are presented, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, privatization, taxes, tariffs, the concept of currencies, stock markets, international transactions, and economic policies. The book contains a complete glossary of economic terms to help the reader.

Starting from voice services with simple terminals, today a mobile device is nothing sort of a small PC in the form of smart-phones. The result has been a huge increase in data-services giving mobile communication access to critical aspects of human society / life. This has led to standardization of SAE/LTE (System Architecture Evolution / Long Term Evolution) by 3GPP and IEEE 802.16e / WiMAX. Together with penetration of mobile communications and new standardization come new security issues and thus the need for new security solutions. This book provides a fresh look at those security aspects, with main focus on the latest security developments of 3GPP SAE/LTE and WiMAX. SAE/LTE is also known as Evolved Packet System (EPS).The intended audience for this book is mobile network and device architects, designers, researchers and students. The goal of the authors, who have a combined experience of more than 25 years in mobile security standardization, architecture, research, and education, is to provide the book's readers with a fresh and up-to-date look at the architecture and challenges of EPS and WiMAX security. This book includes 6 chapters, where the first 3 chapters are intended to be introductory ones, and the remaining 3 chapters provide more in-depth discussions. The book starts with Chapter 1 where we give a background of Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) activity and requirements. Following explanation of NGMN, Chapter 2 provides an overview of security, telecommunication systems and their requirements. Chapter 3 provides some background on standardization. Chapter 4 discusses the EPS (or SAE/LTE) security architecture developed by 3GPP. In particular, this chapter covers the authentication and key agreement method for SAE/LTE together with newly defined key hierarchy. This chapter also addresses the challenging aspects of SAE/LTE interworking and mobility with UMTS together with the necessary key-exchange technologies. The focus of Chapter 5 is WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) security. Chapter 5 provides an in-depth discussion of the WiMAX security requirements, the authentication aspects of PKMv2, and the overall WiMAX network security aspects. In Chapter 6 we briefly cover security for (i) Home(evolved)NodeB (H(e)NB) is the Femto solution from 3GPP), (ii) Machine-to-Machine (M2M) security and (iii) Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) and Group Key Management.

The study of stem cell biology is under intensive investigation. Because stem cells have the unique capability to self-renew and differentiate into one or several cell types, they play a critical role in development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Stem cells also constitute promising cell candidates for cell and gene therapy. The aim of this book is to provide readers and researchers with timely and accurate knowledge on stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. This book will cover many topics in the field and is based on conferences given by recognized scientists involved in the international master course on stem cell biology at Sorbonne Université in Paris.

This book presents the latest research roadmaps and achievements from the European ecosystem (industry, research, and academia) driving the development of future wireless, wired, optical and satcom applications utilising the mm-wave and sub-THz bands.-It covers the entire value chain, including technologies, devices, characterisation, architectures, circuits, 3D heterogeneous integration and packaging. As the interconnectedness of our world continues to expand, the importance of global innovation in communication systems and technologies grows significantly. The increasing reliance on digital communication necessitates systems that can manage higher data traffic, provide faster and more reliable connectivity, and sustainably support a diverse range of applications.-Achieving these goals requires a shift towards higher frequency bands (mm-wave and sub-THz) and the adoption of disruptive technologies. Heterogeneous integration of (Bi)CMOS, SOI, and III/V components such as GaN or InP, along with advanced packaging techniques, is essential to realise ubiquitous, ultra-high bandwidth, and low latency networks.-To ensure that future communication systems are not only technologically advanced but also sustainable and responsible, it is crucial to minimize their environmental impact by considering the materials used, manufacturing processes, operational efficiency, and recyclability. The book captures the synergetic interactions between European Chips JU projects SHIFT and Move2THz, the European 3D heterogenous integration and packaging community and the MTT-TC9 society.-These interactions were forged during the International Workshop on "Key Enabling Technologies for Future Wireless, Wired, Optical and Satcom Applications" at the European Microwave Week in Paris, France, on 22 September, 2024.

This book demystifies how Kubernetes networking actually works by walking through a simple but practical simulation that mirrors reality as closely as possible, while skipping the gory details. Widespread adoption of container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes have spawned a whole field of industry products, startups and academic research in the field of container networking, typically termed as cloud-native networking. But, what is cloud-native networking? What are the various pieces and how do they fit together? Over recent years, most applications have been deployed on cloud infrastructure. Kubernetes has been the widely adopted orchestrator for these clouds. Application developers in most cases are unaware of the underlying plumbing in Kubernetes that holds their applications running as containers. Networking is an integral part of any Kubernetes environment and efficiently drives the various abstractions provided by it. Needless to say, it greatly effects the performance of applications, which in general have a humongous amount of inter-microservice communication. The impact is even more profound in multiple cloud environments. This book demystifies how Kubernetes networking actually works by walking through a simple but practical simulation that mirrors reality as closely as possible, while skipping the gory details.

This book brings new smart farming methodologies to the forefront, sparked by pervasive applications with automated farming technology. New indigenous expertise on smart agricultural technologies is presented along with conceptual prototypes showing how the Internet of Things, cloud computing, machine learning, deep learning, precision farming, crop management systems, etc., will be used in large-scale production in the future. The necessity of available welfare systems for farmers’ well-being is also discussed in the book. It draws the conclusion that there is a greater need and demand today for smart farming methodologies driven by technology than ever before. This book brings new smart farming methodologies to the forefront. New indigenous expertise on smart agricultural technologies is presented along with conceptual prototypes showing how the Internet of Things, cloud computing, machine learning, precision farming, and much more will be used in large-scale production in the future. Crop,Science;,Agriculture Crop Science,Agriculture

In recent years, investments by cloud companies in mega data centers and associated network infrastructure has created a very active and dynamic segment in the optical components and modules market. Optical interconnect technologies at high speed play a critical role for the growth of mega data centers, which flood the networks with unprecedented amount of data traffic. Datacenter Connectivity Technologies: Principles and Practice provides a comprehensive and in-depth look at the development of various optical connectivity technologies which are making an impact on the building of data centers. The technologies span from short range connectivity, as low as 100 meters with multi-mode fiber (MMF) links inside data centers, to long distances of hundreds of kilometers with single-mode fiber (SMF) links between data centers. This book is the first of its kind to address various advanced technologies connecting data centers. It represents a collection of achievements and the latest developments from well-known industry experts and academic researchers active in this field. Technical topics covered in this book include: * Mega data center requirements * High volume VCSELs * Directly modulated lasers * Electro-absorption modulated lasers * Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) * Discrete Multi-Tone modulation (DMT) * Optical Duobinary Transmission * Optical fibers and connectors * Mach-zenhder modulators * Silicon photonics * Optical waveguide devices and packaging * Testing and measurements * Advanced modulation formats * Optical coherent networks * High-speed IC design & packaging

Recent advances in polymer research has led to the generation of high quality materials for various applications in day to day life. The synthesis of new functional monomers has shown strong potential in generating novel polymer materials, with improved properties.Advanced Polymeric Materials includes fundamentals and numerous examples of polymer blend preparation and characterizations. Developments in blends, polymer nanocomposites and its various characterization techniques are highlighted in the book.

Cover Use of AI, Robotics, and Modern Tools to Fight Covid-19 RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN AUTOMATION, CONTROL AND ROBOTICS Use of AI, Robotics, and Modern Tools to Fight Covid-19 Copyrights Contents Preface Acknowledgement List of Contributors List of Figures List of Tables List of Notations and Abbreviations 1 The History of Pandemics and Evolution So Far Puneet Joshi, Swati Shukla 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Definition Of Pandemics 1.3 History Of Pandemics 1.3.1 Prehistoric Epidemic 1.3.2 Modern Epidemics 1.4 Attributes Of A Pandemic 1.5 Origin Of The Coronavirus Or Covid-19 1.5.1 Pathophysiology 1.5.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Transmission 1.5.3 Diagnosis 1.5.4 Prevention 1.5.5 Management 1.6 Types Of Covid-19 1.7 Vaccine 1.8 Pandemic Impacts 1.9 Conclusion References 2 Tracing the Origins of COVID-19 Vidushee Nautiyal, Rakhi Pandey 2.1 Introduction 2.2 History of the Virus 2.2.1 Influenza 2.2.2 Seasonal Flu 2.2.3 2002–2004: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2.2.4 2009 (H1N1) Flu Pandemic 2.2.5 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-COV) - 2012 2.2.6 2014–2016 Ebola 2.3 Genetic Sequence of Sars-Cov-2 2.4 Transmission and Diagnosis 2.5 Conclusion 2.6 Acknowledgment References 3 AI for COVID-19: The Journey So Far Abhinav Sharma, Arpit Jain, Mangey Ram 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Artificial Intelligence 3.3 Potential Contribution of Ai Against Covid-19 3.3.1 Diagnosis of Disease 3.3.2 Discovery of Drug and Vaccine 3.3.3 Prediction of Mortality and Survival Rate 3.3.4 Contact Tracing 3.3.5 Robotics and Health Care 3.3.6 COVID-19 Chatbots 3.3.7 Prevent Further Spread of Disease 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Technological Opportunities to Fight COVID-19 for Indian Scenario Meera C. S., Aslesha Bodavula, Pinisetti Swami Sairam 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Technological Interventions 4.2.1 Robotic Technologies in COVID-19 4.2.2 Smart Surveillance Systems 4.2.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 4.2.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics 4.2.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 4.3 Conclusion References 5 Mobile Robots in COVID-19 Prashant Kumar Dwivedi 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 What is Mobile Robot 5.1.2 Components of Mobile Robots 5.1.3 Mobile Robots and COVID-19 5.2 Requirements of Mobile Robots in Pandemic Situation 5.3 Innovation and Classification of Mobile Robots 5.4 Future Scope and Challenges 5.4.1 Challenges During Development Phase 5.4.2 Challenges During Deployment Phase 5.5 Conclusion References 6 Predictor System for Tracing COVID-19 Spread Kuldeep Panwar, Supriya Pandey, Kamal Rawat, Neeraj Bisht 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Various Prediction Methods 6.3 Case Study - Prediction of Effective Reproductive Number for India 6.4 Results and Discussions 6.5 Conclusion References 7 Discovery of Robust Distributions of COVID-19 Spread Chhaya Kulkarni, Sandipan Dey, Vandana Janeja 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methodology 7.2.1 Data Preprocessing 7.2.2 Temporal Analysis 7.2.3 Distribution Detection 7.2.4 Outlier Detection 7.3 Experimental Results 7.3.1 Geospatial Context of the Data 7.3.2 Results 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Toward Smart Hospital: An Intelligent Personnel Scheduling Using Evolutionary Algorithms Tan Nhat Pham, Son Vu Truong Dao 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methodology 8.2.1 Data Collection 8.2.2 Mathematical Model Development 8.2.3 Discrete GWO with a Novel Neighborhood Search Operator 8.3 Computational Results 8.4 Conclusion References 9 Role of Artificial Intelligence Based Wireless Sensor Network for Pandemic Control: A Case Study Using CupCarbon Paawan Sharma, Hardik Patel, Mohendra Roy 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Proposed Analysis 9.3 Modeling and Simulation 9.4 Results and Discussions 9.4.1 Application in Pandemic Control 9.5 Conclusion References 10 Peculiarities of Technical Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic Iosif Z. Aronov, Anna M. Rybakova, Nataliia M. Galkina 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Application of Tbt Measures By Wto Members 10.3 Peculiarities of Application of Standardization Tools During the Pandemic 10.3.1 Standard Accessibility in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic 10.3.2 Development of Standardization Documents in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic 10.4 Main Conclusions and Recommendations from the Analysis of TBT Measures During the Covid-19 Pandemic 10.5 Acknowledgements References 11 Climate Change and COVID-19: An Interplay Vibhu Jately, Jyoti Joshi, Rajendra Kumar Jatley 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Comparison OF Two Disruptors, The Climate Risk, and Covid-19 11.2.1 Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Climate Change and COVID-19 11.2.2 Short-Term Effects of the Current Pandemic 11.2.3 Long-Term Effects of the Pandemic 11.2.4 Short-Term Effects of Climate Change 11.2.5 Long-Term Effects of Climate Change 11.2.6 Searching Ways to Mitigate 11.2.7 Common Features 11.2.8 Features that Make Them Different 11.2.9 Mitigating the Risk by Avoiding its Multiplication 11.3 Trends in CO2 and GHG Emission Levels 11.4 Effect of Covid-19 on Emission Levels and on Energy Demand 11.5 How to Move Forward 11.5.1 Responses Helpful in Saving the Environment 11.5.2 Pitfalls in Road that Can Blur the Focus of Stakeholders for Reducing Emissions 11.5.3 Road Map for the Planners 11.6 Conclusion 11.7 Acknowledgements References 12 COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Era in Higher Education Sriperumbuduru Srilaya, Sirisha Velampalli 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Covid-19 Impact on Higher Education 12.2.1 All Educational Activities are Disrupted 12.2.2 Turndown in Employment Opportunities 12.2.3 Impact on Academic Research and Professional Development 12.2.4 Attendance of Students May Slow Down 12.2.5 National and International Student Mobility for Higher Study May Be Reduced 12.3 Challenges of India for Higher Education During Covid-19 12.3.1 Virtual Platforms in Higher Education at Times of COVID-19 12.4 Challenges Undertaken for Digitalizing Sector in Higher Education 12.4.1 Resource and Internet Connectivity 12.4.2 Shortage of Trained Teachers 12.4.3 Content-Related Challenges 12.4.4 Poor Maintenance and Upgradation of Digital Equipment 12.4.5 Inadequate Funds 12.5 Post-Covid-19 (Digitalization: A New Phenomenon in Higher Education 12.5.1 Urge for Distance Learning and Online Learning May Grow 12.5.2 Blending Teaching and Learning with Technology 12.5.3 New Design in Assessment System 12.5.4 Online Learning Helped Us to Tackle the Crisis 12.6 Conclusion 12.7 Acknowledgment References 13 Virtual Reality: Solution to Reduce the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Economy Sushma Malik, Anamika Rana 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Impact of Covid-19 on the Economy 13.2.1 Tourism Industry 13.2.2 Automobile Industry 13.2.3 Agriculture 13.2.4 Aviation Industry 13.2.5 Oil Industry 13.2.6 Construction Industry 13.2.7 Food Industry 13.2.8 Healthcare and Medical Industry 13.3 Domain Moving Toward Virtual Reality for Survival 13.3.1 Education 13.3.2 Hospital 13.3.3 Agriculture 13.3.4 Sports 13.3.5 Businesses 13.3.6 Government 13.4 Challenges During Implementation of Virtual Reality 13.4.1 Lack of Familiarity 13.4.2 Network Load 13.4.3 Bottleneck Communication 13.4.4 Cost 13.4.5 Internet 13.4.6 User Experience Issue 13.4.7 Security 13.4.8 Powerful Computers 13.5 Road Map Toward Normal During Covid-19 13.6 Implications for Research 13.7 Conclusion References Index About the Editors

Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICVs) are moving into the mainstream of the worldwide automotive industry. A lot of advanced technologies, like artificial intelligence, big data, millimeter wave radar, LiDAR and high-definition camera based real-time environmental perception, etc., are increasingly being applied in ICVs, making them more intelligent and connected with devices surrounding the vehicles. However, although the versatile connection and information exchange among ICVs, external devices and human beings provides vehicles with a better and faster perception of surrounding environments and a better driving experience for users, they also create a series of intrusion portals for malicious attackers which threaten the safety of drivers and passengers. This book is concerned with the recognition and protection against such threats. Security for ICVs includes information across the fields of automobile engineering, artificial intelligence, computer, microelectronics, automatic control, communication technology, big data, edge/cloud computing and others. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces security threats to ICVs coming from automotive technology development, on-board sensors, vehicle networking, automobile communications, intelligent transportation, big data, cloud computing, etc. Then, through discussion of some typical automobile cyber-attack cases studies, readers will gain a deeper understanding of the working principle of ICVs, so that they can test vehicles more objectively and scientifically. In this way they will find the existence of vulnerabilities and security risks and take the corresponding protective measures to prevent malicious attacks. Technical topics discussed in the book include but are not limited to:  Electronic Control Unit and Vehicular Bus Security;  Intra-vehicle Communication Security;  V2X Communication Security;  VANET Security;  Unmanned Driving Security and Navigation Deception

این کتاب شامل بحث مفصلی در مورد عملیات ماتریس، خواص آن و کاربردهای آن در یافتن حل معادلات خطی و دترمینال است. جبر خطی موضوعی است که گسترده ترین کاربردها را در تمامی شاخه های ریاضیات، علوم فیزیکی و اجتماعی و مهندسی پیدا کرده است. در علوم اطلاعات و تئوری کنترل کاربرد مهم تری دارد. تعریف جبر خطی این است که بخشی از جبر است که به معادلات درجه اول مربوط می شود. بنابراین، در سطح بنیادی، شامل بحث ماتریس ها و تعیین کننده ها و راه حل های معادلات خطی است که کاربرد گسترده ای در بحث بیشتر این موضوع دارد. موضوعات فنی مورد بحث در این کتاب عبارتند از: فضاهای برداری ماتریس مقدار ویژه و بردارهای ویژه تبدیل خطی فضاهای محصول داخلی قطری سازی ها کاربرد در مخروط ها و چهارگانه اشکال متعارف مسائل حداقل مربعات این کتاب شامل بحث مفصلی در مورد عملیات ماتریس، خواص آن، و کاربردهای آن در یافتن راه حل های معادله خطی است. جبر خطی موضوعی است که گسترده ترین کاربردها را در تمامی شاخه های ریاضیات، علوم فیزیکی و اجتماعی و مهندسی پیدا کرده است.

School Culture Improvement follows an abstract-concrete-abstract train of thought. The first three chapters answer the questions from the angle of abstract theory: what is the school culture and how is it managed? What is the school culture drive model? What is the school culture assessment? The two chapters thereafter solve major problems from the perspective of operations: how to develop the school culture solution and how to implement the school culture and promote cultural practices? The book concludes at the abstract theoretical level, on the position of sociological reflection, exploring what is the rationality and legitimacy of school culture and how does school culture happen?School Culture Improvement is one of the few school culture monographs which aims directly at management. Its contribution and features lie in two aspects: connecting school culture and school improvement and connecting research on project case and school culture, thus establishing a relatively complete system of school culture improvement theory. In this book, the author originates the following views and models: concept of school culture, school culture tripod structure theory, school culture spectrum theory, school culture drive model, and school culture unity and conflict.

Annotation Network traffic has fractal properties such as impulsiveness, selfsimilarity, and long-range dependence over several time scales, from milliseconds to minutes. These features have motivated the development of new traffic models and traffic control algorithms. This book presents a new statespace model for Internet traffic, which is based on a finite-dimensional representation of the Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) random process. The modeling via Autoregressive (AR) processes is also investigated. Content: Introduction, The Fractal Nature of Network Traffic, Modeling of Long- Range Dependent Teletraffic, State-Space Modeling, Modeling of Internet Traffic

In today’s connected world, the demand for mobile communications and instant access to information, anytime and anywhere, has drastically changed the electronics landscape, both consumer and industrial. Novel 5G and 6G systems will enable connectivity in all forms between humans, devices, machines, and any objects. They will provide virtually ubiquitous, ultra-high bandwidth and low latency network access to individual users, as well as to all objects benefiting from being connected. They will be the "eyes and ears" of Artificial Intelligence systems as it will provide real-time data collection and analysis. Such diversity calls for a new paradigm in terms of flexibility, not only related to performance, but also in terms of scalability and cost. 5G and 6G communication systems imply a major stake of sovereignty and autonomy for the communication sector and digital infrastructures of the future. All products related to IoT, traffic, and health care, supported by connectivity will benefit the citizens in their daily lives to improve everything from business to private affairs. Together, this will influence society as much as smart phones did in the recent past. It is all about communication and connectivity. This book provides an overview of the latest research results in this field. It is based on the close collaboration in the BEYOND5 project, extended with vision and roadmap insights by European experts leading the 6G development. The BEYOND5 project has built a completely European supply chain for Radio-Frequency Electronics, enabling new RF domains for sensing, communication, 5G radio infrastructure and beyond. Moving forward into higher frequency bands above 100 GHz for 6G, also more disruptive technologies, using heterogeneous integration of CMOS, SOI, and III/V components such as GaN or InP, and advanced packaging techniques will be necessary to realize the objectives of ubiquitous, ultra-high bandwidth and low latency networks. The book bundles the scientific content of the International Workshop on "Technologies enabling future mobile connectivity & sensing" in Lisbon, Portugal 10 September 2023, as part of the ESSCIRC/ESSDERC 2023 European Solid-state Circuits and Devices Conference. Through articles and abstracts, a combined view of experts and practitioners representing academia, research, and industry in the field of wireless communication systems is given. They cover the topics of RF and digital SOI technology development for 5 and 6G, device and substrate characterization, packaging technology, and the realization of full systems including power amplifiers, linearization techniques, beamforming transceivers, access points, and radar detection.

Since its creation at the beginning of World War II, radars have forever transformed the practice of modern warfare. The evolution of countermeasure conducted by electronic warfare systems against radars and radars’ corresponding counter countermeasures is an intriguing technical subject. This book provides a very accessible introduction to a broad range of radar and electronic warfare technologies. The subjects covered in this book range from early radar development to later technologies such as stealthy techniques, low probability of intercept radar, and machine learning. Historical events are used to illustrate the principles of electronic warfare and to help readers to apprehend contexts under which radars and corresponding electronic warfare techniques were developed.

1 online resource (286 pages) : Path to Capacity Innovation: An Africa-MNC Strategic Alliance, a policy framework is advanced proposing a strategic alliance between African countries -represented by NEPAD- and the multinational corporation with input from the NGO and couched upon an NEPAD-MNC-NGO cross-fertilizing integrative structure. Capacity innovation is the key to Africa's transformation: with the appropriate catalysts, innovation and transformation are but a matter of time in gestation. The first of two major catalysts necessary to prompting this change so long sought by Africans came at the adoption of the New Partnership for Africa's Development. It is one of the most profound collaborations of African Heads of State. The second catalyst is proposed in this work in the form of the multinational corporation as change agent for the innovation process working in alliance with NEPAD as Africa's spokesperson for innovation. The policy framework for African capacity innovation is the material product along with discourse for redress of corruption and security policy narrative for protecting the assets of multinational corporations. Bringing Forth Prosperity: Capacity Innovation in Africa questions capital theory as a development construct and an appropriate platform upon which sustained capacity innovation in Africa may emerge; explores Africa's road to modernity in the context of selected development constructs and assesses capacity innovation from a top down-bottom up perspective purposely to serve as backdrop to the Africa-MNC strategic alliance framework; constructs country capacity ID to identify internal resources available to African countries to support capacity innovation; conceptualizes the Africa-MNC strategic alliance to convey a capacity innovation philosophy; articulates an African capacity innovation policy framework to guide the Alliance through a series of actions designed to prompt innovation activity and set the continent on a course to sustained transformation; and articulates a scheme to protect assets -human and physical- derived through the Africa-MNC strategic alliance Includes bibliographical references and index Online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed July 11, 2017) Preface xi -- Acknowledgements xvii -- List of Exhibits xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Direction and Purpose of Book 2 -- 1.2 Need and Approach 4 -- 1.3 Objectives 5 -- 1.4 Undertaking the Objectives 6 -- 2 Capital Theory and Development: Has Africa Been Overlooked? 9 -- 2.1 Capital Theory and Government Corruption 11 -- 2.1.1 Government Institutions 14 -- 2.1.2 Give-and-Take 16 -- 2.1.3 The Government Apparatus: Governmental Decree 18 -- 2.1.4 Constitution 18 -- 2.1.5 Rule of Law 20 -- 2.1.6 Bodies of Government 20 -- 2.1.7 So -- Has Africa Been Overlooked? 20 -- 3 Towards an Analytical Policy Framework for Assessing Capacity Innovation: A Standalone African Perspective 23 -- 3.1 Africa's Predicament 25 -- 3.2 Capacity Innovation's Purpose: What It Needs to Accomplish 27 -- 3.2.1 What's Missing -- A Look at the Core Challenges 36 -- 3.2.2 Comparative Advantage 37 -- 3.2.3 Mini-States and Critical Mass 38 -- 3.2.4 Price-Takers 41 -- 3.2.5 Economic Complementarity 42 -- 3.2.6 Communication 43 -- 3.2.7 Collective Self-Reliance -- Economic Integration 44 -- 3.2.8 Currency 45 -- 3.2.9 Governance 47 -- 3.2.10 The Capacity Innovation Endgame 49 -- 3.2.11 What Might Be Done: The Path to Capacity Innovation 52 -- 3.2.12 Closing Comments 55 -- 4 Top Down-Bottom Up Capacity Innovation 57 -- 4.1 Integrative Approach: Top Down-Bottom Up Convergence 69 -- 4.2 Capacity Innovation for Prosperity: Top Down-Bottom Up with a Twist 71 -- 4.3 Land Tenure, Property Rights and Ownership 75 -- 5 The Country Capacity ID 83 -- 5.1 Population 98 -- 5.2 Resources of Commercial Importance 98 -- 5.3 Literacy 99 -- 5.4 Human Development Index 101 -- 5.5 Capital Formation 102 -- 5.6 Infrastructure 105 -- 5.7 Institutions -- Rule of Law 107 -- 5.8 Citizen Participation 108 -- 5.9 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 109 -- 5.10 Military 111 -- 5.11 Closing Observations 115 -- 6 Africa-MNC Strategic Alliance 117 -- 6.1 Opportunistic Behavior 120 -- 6.2 Opportunistic Balancing 121 -- 6.3 Developing a Mindset 122 6.4 The Corruption Dilemma 124 -- 6.5 Corruption, Human Rights Violations and Crimes Against Humanity: Intersecting Acts 127 -- 6.6 Interdicting Corruption: The Trump Card 134 -- 7 Path to Capacity Innovation: An Africa-MNC Strategic Alliance 137 -- 7.1 The Linking Process 141 -- 7.1.1 Institutional Component 141 -- 7.1.2 Market Component 142 -- 7.1.3 World Bank/IMF 146 -- 7.1.4 Non-Governmental Organizations 147 -- 7.1.5 Foreign Direct Investment 149 -- 7.1.6 Created Comparative Advantage 150 -- 7.1.7 Regional Integration 152 -- 7.1.8 Economic Complementarity 154 -- 7.1.9 Price-Maker Status 156 -- 7.1.10 Integrated Telecommunications 158 -- 7.1.11 Infrastructure Development 159 -- 7.1.12 NEPAD-MNC-NGO Convergence 163 -- 7.1.13 Critical Mass 164 -- 7.1.14 Transfer Pricing/Trade Misinvoicing 166 -- 7.1.15 Foreign Direct Investment Fund 172 -- 7.1.16 NEPAD Bank 175 -- 7.1.17 African Security Force-FDI Protection 176 -- 7.1.18 Country Capacity ID 177 -- 7.1.19 Organizational Tie-in 178 -- 7.1.20 Unlocking the Lock -- Endgame 180 -- 8 African Continental Security Apparatus: Accommodating FDI 185 -- 8.1 Special Fund 192 -- 9 Epilogue 195 Appendix 199 -- Bibliography 227 -- Index 253 -- About the Author 263

The sixth generation of wireless communication (6G), succeeding 5G cellular technology, opens up several possibilities in terms of technology and its offered services. 6G is expected to allow usage of available higher frequency spectrums to cater to increased capacity, throughput, and low latency (<1 μs). 6G will witness the unification of various technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), etc., to provide an immersive user experience. It is foreseen as the accelerator of transformation and innovation globally. To make this book a fundamental resource, we have invited world-renowned experts in 6G from the industry and academia to pen down their ideas on different aspects of 6G research. The chapters in this book cover a broader scope and various related and unrelated verticals. Specifically, this book covers the following topics: 6G use cases, requirements, and enabling technologies new spectrums and their challenges for 6G privacy preservation in 6G networks aerial infrastructure for 6G networks economic challenges associated with 6G wireless networks. The encompassing intent of this book is to explore the evolution from current 5G networks towards the future 6G networks from a service, air interface, and network perspective, thereby laying out a vision for 6G networks.

Resumen del editor: "Over the last few decades wireless communications, especially Mobile Communication Technology, has evolved by leaps and bounds. The mobile communication industry has named the different major changes as generations namely 1G, 2G,..5G. We are presently looking at deployment of 5G technologies. The work for 6G has already started. This book is focused on the waveform design of 6G. It presents a discourse on a potential waveform for 6G namely Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation. OTFS has a distinct feature when compared to earlier generation waveforms such that information bearing signal is placed in the delay Doppler domain as opposed to the usual placement of such signals in the time-frequency domain. This unique feature of OTFS enables it to overcome several disadvantages of a very popular and highly successful waveform namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OTFS is known to be more resilient to frequency offset and Doppler which is one of the key drawbacks of OFDM. With this feature, OTFS, can support higher mobility as well as higher frequency bands of operation which is also one of the key requirements of the next generation wireless communication technologies. The implementation complexity of OTFS remains comparable to that of OFDM. It is found that OTFS provides significant SNR advantage, higher resilience, lower PAPR, lower out of band signal leakage and higher multi-user spectral efficiency than that of OFDM. This book addresses • Fundamental signal model of OTFS. • Receiver design for OTFS • Channel estimation in OTFS • Multiple Access through non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA-OTFS) The contents of the books are primarily outcome of the research work done at the G. S. Sanyal School of Telecommunications, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India. Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation : A waveform for 6G is ideal for personnel the wireless communication industry as well as academic staff and master/research students in electrical engineering with a specialization in wireless communications." (IEEE)

This is essential reading for semiconductor professionals seeking to expand their knowledge on silicon processes, understand the significance of defect prevention, and explore methods for optimizing processes by reducing defects using AI and IoT technologies. In the dynamic landscape of semiconductor manufacturing, the focus on processes and defect prevention stands paramount. Traditional approaches have yielded valuable insights, yet the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies heralds a new era in defect prevention strategies. Engineers specializing in AI and machine learning, interdisciplinary researchers, and early graduates aspiring to enter the semiconductor industry will also find this book invaluable. Meticulously crafted, this book provides concise, yet insightful content tailored to today's fast-paced readers. It emphasizes semiconductors, manufacturing processes, and defect prevention, offering a comprehensive understanding of these critical areas. The integration of AI and IoT in chip manufacturing defect prevention represents a groundbreaking advancement. Targeting semiconductor engineers, researchers, technology professionals, and students, this book serves as a valuable resource for understanding the interplay between semiconductors, manufacturing processes, defects, and the transformative potential of AI and IoT integration. Practical tools for failure analysis and parameter control are provided, along with hypothetical use cases and theoretical applications that inspire innovation. Through interdisciplinary insights, this book charts a course toward a future where semiconductor manufacturing defects are minimized, productivity is maximized, and innovation thrives at the intersection of technology and industry.

Internet-of-Things (IoT) Analytics are an integral element of most IoT applications, as it provides the means to extract knowledge, drive actuation services and optimize decision making. IoT analytics will be a major contributor to IoT business value in the coming years, as it will enable organizations to process and fully leverage large amounts of IoT data, which are nowadays largely underutilized. __The Building Blocks of IoT Analytics__ is devoted to the presentation the main technology building blocks that comprise advanced IoT analytics systems. It introduces IoT analytics as a special case of BigData analytics and accordingly presents leading edge technologies that can be deployed in order to successfully confront the main challenges of IoT analytics applications. Special emphasis is paid in the presentation of technologies for IoT streaming and semantic interoperability across diverse IoT streams. Furthermore, the role of cloud computing and BigData technologies in IoT analytics are presented, along with practical tools for implementing, deploying and operating non-trivial IoT applications. Along with the main building blocks of IoT analytics systems and applications, the book presents a series of practical applications, which illustrate the use of these technologies in the scope of pragmatic applications. Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Cloud Computing and BigData for IoT analytics * Searching the Internet of Things * Development Tools for IoT Analytics Applications * IoT Analytics-as-a-Service * Semantic Modelling and Reasoning for IoT Analytics * IoT analytics for Smart Buildings * IoT analytics for Smart Cities * Operationalization of IoT analytics * Ethical aspects of IoT analytics This book contains both research oriented and applied articles on IoT analytics, including several articles reflecting work undertaken in the scope of recent European Commission funded projects in the scope of the FP7 and H2020 programmes. These articles present results of these projects on IoT analytics platforms and applications. Even though several articles have been contributed by different authors, they are structured in a well thought order that facilitates the reader either to follow the evolution of the book or to focus on specific topics depending on his/her background and interest in IoT and IoT analytics technologies. The compilation of these articles in this edited volume has been largely motivated by the close collaboration of the co-authors in the scope of working groups and IoT events organized by the Internet-of-Things Research Cluster (IERC), which is currently a part of EU’s Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI).

Explainable AI (XAI) is an upcoming research field in the domain of machine learning. This book aims to provide a detailed description of the topics related to XAI and Blockchain. These two technologies can benefit each other, and the research outcomes will benefit society in multiple ways. Existing AI systems make decisions in a black box manner. Explainable AI delineates how an AI system arrived at a particular decision. It inspects the steps and models that are responsible for making a particular decision. It is an upcoming trend that aims at providing explanations to the AI decisions. Blockchain is emerging as an effective technique for XAI. It enables accessibility to digital ledgers amongst the various AI agents. The AI agents collaborate using consensus and decisions are saved on Blocks. These blocks can be traced back but cannot be changed. Thus, the combination of AI with blockchain provides transparency and visibility to all AI decisions. BlockXAI is also being widely used for improving data security and intelligence. The decisions made are consensus based and decentralized leading to highly efficient AI systems. This book also covers topics that present the convergence of Blockchain with explainable AI and will provide researchers, academics, and industry experts with a complete guide to BlockXAI. This book provides a detailed description of the topics related to XAI and Blockchain.

"The book presents amplitude modulation with random signals, including analog and digital signals, and discusses performance evaluation methods, presents quadrature amplitude modulation using random signals. Several modulation schemes are discussed, including SSB, QAM, ISB, C-QUAM, QPSK and MSK. Their autocorrelation and power spectrum densities are computed. A thorough discussion on angle modulation with random modulating signals, along with frequency and phase modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is provided. Their power spectrum densities are computed using the Wiener-Khintchin theorem"--Publisher's website. Read more...

__The Urban Forest in the Age of Urbanization__ seeks to reflect on the connotation of urban forestry in line with related emergent holistic theories. Today, much of the planet is urbanized and planners debate "Planetary Urbanization," economists discuss "The Global City," ecologists describe the planet's biodiversity hotspots, and climate scientists warn of a "global" crisis. We might think, therefore, that focusing on forestation approaches at the urban and peri-urban "edge" are reductionist. However, if the city is everywhere, and everything is a city, if the urbanized world now is a chain of metropolitan areas connected by places and corridors of communication, then what is not urban? And above all, which forests are not urban forests?Starting from the dualism between city and forest and its evolution towards holism, the book seeks to create a framework of dialectical approaches. The case studies included analyze a wide range of urbanization "processes" to review the practical approaches of urban forestry, in line with the global crisis of the era of globalization, when climate change, population growth, implosions and explosions of urbanization, lack of arable land and food are unavoidable.

Beijing Institute for the Learning Society (BILS) was inaugurated in October 2011 through the joint efforts of Beijing Leading Group Office for Construction of Learning City and Beijing Normal University. The main focus of BILS lies within the education discipline. The Institute is building a platform that integrates intellectual resources of universities in Beijing to serve the learning city's construction, to explore the constructing mode for Beijing learning city, to enrich and develop the theory of building a learning society with Chinese characteristics, to assist the government in public policies, and to guide the practice of learning city's construction. At present, two years since it was established, together with Beijing City and related research institutions, the Institute has participated in numerous research studies, including ""An International Comparative Study on Modes of Learning City Construction in the World"", ""Research and study on Beijing Lifelong Learning Competence"", and ""Study on Legislation of Beijing Lifelong Learning"". Oriented towards the practice of the construction of Beijing learning city, the Institute integrates universities in Beijing and related research organizations in China and abroad to keep pace with international developments, research practical problems, explore innovative approaches, promote exchanges and cooperation, train professionals, and lead the development of the practice. It is striving to build a high-end open research platform with international influence that integrates academic researches, policy advisories, talent training, and training services. This book summarizes the goals set by BILS, and what has been achieved thus far

In recent years, many efforts have been devoted in the study, development and application of Green Photonics and Smart Photonics. This book presents recent advances, both theoretical and applications, reflecting the cutting-edge technologies and research achievements within these research fields.Green Photonics intend to develop photonics technologies that can conserve energy, reduce pollution and create renewable energy. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells with the characteristics of sustainable and low energy consumption are addressed in this book. The term of Smart Photonics reflect intelligence of optical and optoelectronic components with high sensitivity, fast response time and/or compact size. The book explores various aspects ofsmart photonics including fiber sensors, optoelectronic devices and waveguide devices. The chapters in this edited book are written by researchers who presented quality papers at the 2015 International Symposium of Next-Generation Electronics (ISNE 2015), which was held in Taipei, Taiwan. The ISNE 2015 provided a common forum in the areas of opto-electron devices, photonics, integrated circuits, and microelectronic systems and technologies. The technical program consisted of 5 plenary talks, 23 invited talks and more than 250 contributed oral and poster presentations. After a rigorous review process, the ISNE 2015 technical program committee has selected 10 outstanding presentations and invited the authors to prepare extended chapters for inclusion in this book. Of the 10 chapters, five focus on the subject of green photonics, and the others cover smart photonics.

Considers solutions to the relatively new scientific-technical problem of developing innovative solutions in the field of cyber security for the digital economy. The solutions proposed are based on the results of exploratory studies in Big Data acquisition, cognitive information technologies, and analytical verification of digital ecosystems. Cyber Security Innovation for the Digital Economy considers possible solutions to the relatively new scientific-technical problem of developing innovative solutions in the field of cyber security for the Digital Economy. The solutions proposed are based on the results of exploratory studies conducted by the author in the areas of Big Data acquisition, cognitive information technologies (cogno-technologies), new methods of analytical verification of digital ecosystems on the basis of similarity invariants and dimensions, and "computational cognitivism," involving a number of existing models and methods. In practice, this successfully allowed the creation of new entities - the required safe and trusted digital ecosystems - on the basis of the development of digital and cyber security technologies, and the resulting changes in their behavioral preferences. Here, the ecosystem is understood as a certain system of organizations, created around a certain Technological Platform that use its services to make the best offers to customers and access to them to meet the ultimate needs of clients - legal entities and individuals. The basis of such ecosystems is a certain technological platform, created on advanced innovative developments, including the open interfaces and code, machine learning, cloud technologies, Big Data collection and processing, artificial intelligence technologies, etc. The mentioned Technological Platform allows creating the best offer for the client both from own goods and services and from the offers of external service providers in real time. This book contains four chapters devoted to the following subjects: - Relevance of the given scientific-technical problems in the cybersecurity of Digital Economy - Determination of the limiting capabilities - Possible scientific and technical solutions - Organization of perspective research studies in the area of Digital Economy cyber security in Russia

This book is a comprehensive look at the strategies, technologies, and policies driving the transition to sustainable energy management. The content is designed to convey the technical aspects of energy systems and the socioeconomic and environmental imperatives that require a shift toward more sustainable practices. It covers a wide range of topics relevant to current and future energy challenges, including the complexities of designing energy-efficient buildings and national energy policies. The book is a self-study guide for energy and non-energy professionals who either lack formal training in the subjects of energy management and conservation or simply need a means to refresh their knowledge in these subjects. Energy professionals, policymakers and government officials, academics and students, and environmentally conscious individuals will find it a useful resource. We hope this book gives you the knowledge and confidence you need to act, inspires you to come up with new solutions, and encourages you to lead by example. Let us look at how we can make a significant difference through conscious energy management and conservation. This book is a comprehensive look at the strategies, technologies, and policies driving the transition to sustainable energy management. It covers a wide range of topics relevant to current and future energy challenges, including the complexities of designing energy-efficient buildings and national energy policies.

Explainable AI (XAI) is an upcoming research field in the domain of machine learning. This book aims to provide a detailed description of the topics related to XAI and Blockchain. These two technologies can benefit each other, and the research outcomes will benefit society in multiple ways. Existing AI systems make decisions in a black box manner. Explainable AI delineates how an AI system arrived at a particular decision. It inspects the steps and models that are responsible for making a particular decision. It is an upcoming trend that aims at providing explanations to the AI decisions. Blockchain is emerging as an effective technique for XAI. It enables accessibility to digital ledgers amongst the various AI agents. The AI agents collaborate using consensus and decisions are saved on Blocks. These blocks can be traced back but cannot be changed. Thus, the combination of AI with blockchain provides transparency and visibility to all AI decisions. BlockXAI is also being widely used for improving data security and intelligence. The decisions made are consensus based and decentralized leading to highly efficient AI systems. This book also covers topics that present the convergence of Blockchain with explainable AI and will provide researchers, academics, and industry experts with a complete guide to BlockXAI.

Transformative Artificial Intelligence provides a comprehensive overview of the latest trends, challenges, applications, and opportunities in the field of Artificial Intelligence. The book covers the state of the art in AI research, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics, and explores how these technologies are transforming various industries and domains, such as healthcare, finance, education, and entertainment. The book also addresses the challenges that come with the widespread adoption of AI, including ethical concerns, bias, and the impact on jobs and society. It provides insights into how to mitigate these challenges and how to design AI systems that are responsible, transparent, and trustworthy. The book offers a forward-looking perspective on the future of AI, exploring the emerging trends and applications that are likely to shape the next decade of AI innovation. It also provides practical guidance for businesses and individuals on how to leverage the power of AI to create new products, services, and opportunities. Overall, the book is an essential read for anyone who wants to stay ahead of the curve in the rapidly evolving field of Artificial Intelligence and understand the impact that this transformative technology will have on our lives in the coming years. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest trends, challenges, applications, and opportunities in the field of Artificial Intelligence.

Provides an understanding of how to design and make a preliminary evaluation of rad-hard semiconductor memories, making leverage on standard CMOS manufacturing processes available from different silicon foundries and using different technology nodes. Rad-hard Semiconductor Memories is intended for researchers and professionals interested in understanding how to design and make a preliminary evaluation of rad-hard semiconductor memories, making leverage on standard CMOS manufacturing processes available from different silicon foundries and using different technology nodes. In the first part of the book, a preliminary overview of the effects of radiation in space, with a specific focus on memories, will be conducted to enable the reader to understand why specific design solutions are adopted to mitigate hard and soft errors. The second part will be devoted to RHBD (Radiation Hardening by Design) techniques for semiconductor components with a specific focus on memories. The approach will follow a top-down scheme starting from RHBD at architectural level (how to build a rad-hard floor-plan), at circuit level (how to mitigate radiation effects by handling transistors in the proper way) and at layout level (how to shape a layout to mitigate radiation effects). After the description of the mitigation techniques, the book enters in the core of the topic covering SRAMs (synchronous, asynchronous, single port and dual port) and PROMs (based on AntiFuse OTP technologies), describing how to design a rad-hard flash memory and fostering RHBD toward emerging memories like ReRAM. The last part will be a leap into emerging memories at a very early stage, not yet ready for industrial use in silicon but candidates to become an option for the next wave of rad-hard components. Technical topics discussed in the book include: - Radiation effects on semiconductor components (TID, SEE) - Radiation Hardening by Design (RHBD) Techniques - Rad-hard SRAMs - Rad-hard PROMs - Rad-hard Flash NVMs - Rad-hard ReRAMs - Rad-hard emerging technologies

Blockchain is an emerging technology that can radically improve transactions security at banking, supply chain, and other transaction networks. It’s estimated that Blockchain will generate $3.1 trillion in new business value by 2030. Essentially, it provides the basis for a dynamic distributed ledger that can be applied to save time when recording transactions between parties, remove costs associated with intermediaries, and reduce risks of fraud and tampering. This book explores the fundamentals and applications of Blockchain technology. Readers will learn about the decentralized peer-to-peer network, distributed ledger, and the trust model that defines Blockchain technology. They will also be introduced to the basic components of Blockchain (transaction, block, block header, and the chain), its operations (hashing, verification, validation, and consensus model), underlying algorithms, and essentials of trust (hard fork and soft fork). Private and public Blockchain networks similar to Bitcoin and Ethereum will be introduced, as will concepts of Smart Contracts, Proof of Work and Proof of Stack, and cryptocurrency including Facebook’s Libra will be elucidated. Also, the book will address the relationship between Blockchain technology, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cybersecurity, Digital Transformation and Quantum Computing.Readers will understand the inner workings and applications of this disruptive technology and its potential impact on all aspects of the business world and society. A look at the future trends of Blockchain Technology will be presented in the book.

Referring to an organization's responsibility for its impact on society, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is greatly relevant for the competitiveness, sustainability and innovation in the management and engineering arena of organizations, and the economy worldwide. Taking in account its these concerns, Corporate Social Responsibility in Management and Engineering covers the issues related to corporate social responsibility in management and engineering in a context where organizations are facing, day after day, high challenges for what concerns issues related to their social responsibility. The book looks to contribute to the exchange of experiences and perspectives about the state of the research related to CSR, as well as the future direction of this field of research. It looks to provide a support to academics and researchers, as well as those that operating in the management field need to deal with policies and strategies related to CSR.

Information science and technology enables 21st century into an Internet and multimedia era. Multimedia means the theory and application of filtering, coding, estimating, analyzing, detecting and recognizing, synthesizing, classifying, recording, and reproducing signals by digital and/or analog devices or techniques, while the scope of "signal" includes audio, video, speech, image, musical, multimedia, data/content, geophysical, sonar/radar, bio/medical, sensation, etc. Networking suggests transportation of such multimedia contents among nodes in communication and/or computer networks, to facilitate the ultimate Internet. Theory, technologies, protocols and standards, applications/ services, practice and implementation of wired/wireless networking are all within the scope of this series. We further extend the scope for 21st century life through the knowledge in robotics, machine learning, cognitive science, pattern recognition, quantum/biological/molecular computation and information processing, and applications to health and society advance.

This book explores quantum computing as a transformative technology and its applications in cryptography, teleportation, IoT, AI, Blockchain, and the futurist concept of quantum internet. It explains the fundamentals of quantum computing and how it’s different from classic computing. The challenges facing quantum computing will be discussed, and the types of quantum computing will be introduced and explained. The concept and types of Qubit and its implications on quantum computing applications will be explained.

Descripción del editor: "Precise and accurate localization is one of the fundamental scientific and engineering technologies needed for the applications enabling the emergence of the Smart World and the Internet of Things (IoT). Popularity of localization technology began when the GPS became open for commercial applications in early 1990's. Since most commercial localization applications are for indoors and GPS does not work indoors, the discovery of opportunistic indoor geolocation technologies began in mid-1990's. Because of complexity and diversity of science and technology involved in indoor Geolocation, this area has emerged as its own discipline over the past two decades. At the time of this writing, received signal strength (RSS) based Wi-Fi localization is dominating the commercial market complementing cell tower localization and GPS technologies using the time of arrival (TOA) technology. Wi-Fi localization technology takes advantage of the random deployment of Wi-Fi devices worldwide to support indoor and urban area localization for hundreds of thousands of applications on smart devices. Public safety and military applications demand more precise localization for first responders and military applications deploy specialized infrastructure for more precise indoor geolocation. To enhance the performance both industries are examining hybrid localization techniques. Hybrid algorithms use a variety of sensors to measure the speed and direction of movement and integrate them with the absolute radio frequency localization. Indoor Geolocation Science and Technology is a multidisciplinary book that presents the fundamentals of opportunistic localization and navigation science and technology used in different platforms such as: smart devices, unmanned ground and flying vehicles, and existing cars operating as a part of intelligent transportation systems. Material presented in the book are beneficial for the Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Robotics Engineering, Biomedical Engineering or other disciplines who are interested in integration of navigation into their multi-disciplinary projects. The book provides examples with supporting MATLAB codes and hands-on projects throughout to improve the ability of the readers to understand and implement variety of algorithms. It can be used for both academic education, as a textbook with problem sets and projects, and the industrial training, as a practical reference book for professionals involved in design and performance evaluation. The author of this book has pioneering research experience and industrial exposure in design and performance evaluation of indoor geolocation based on empirical measurement and modeling of the behavior of the radio propagation in indoor areas and inside the human body. The presentation of the material is based on examples of research and development that his students have performed in his laboratory, his teaching experiences as a professor, and his experiences as a technical consultant to successful startup companies" (Amazon)

Nikola Tesla's dream in the early 20th century of a "World Wireless System" led him to build the Wardenclyffe Tower, a prototype base station serving as an emitter for his "World Wireless System". The base station was to supply wireless electrical energy to a distant receiver. This book builds upon that dream and is a result of intensive research interest in powerline, machine to machine communications and wireless power transfer globally. Wireless energy transfer or Witricity (WIreless elecTRICITY) transfers electricity instead of data. The technology is useful in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy is needed but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. The transfer is made through inductive coupling and electromagnetic radiation. Inductive coupling provides optimum power delivery to a receiver load if both the emitter and the receiver achieve magnetic resonance concurrently. Energy transfer systems mostly use antennas operating in their near field regions. As fossil energy sources are being depleted rapidly worldwide and oil prices soar, solar energy enhanced with wireless power transfer (WPT) have become reasonable alternatives for renewable energy and power harvesting. They are finding use in transportation, electric and hybrid vehicles, very fast trains and the emerging field of Internet of Things. This book is written by the leading experts on wireless energy transfer technology and its applications. It introduces and explains the technology in great details and provides the theory and practice of WPT through the two approaches of coupled mode theory and circuit theory. Both approaches are dependent on resonance techniques. The level of presentation is suitable for design and training. In depth coverage is provided on near field concepts; coupled-mode theory and models; circuit models of inductive antennas; radiative and inductive wireless power transfer, wireless power relay concepts, optimization techniques for wireless power transfer systems, control of wireless power transfer systems, wireless charging concepts; wireless energy transfer applications in electric vehicles, embedded medical systems and propagation in human tissues. Each chapter is written by experts on a selected aspect of wireless energy transfer. The authors have gone to great lengths to provide worked examples to assist the reader in working through some of the difficult concepts and to allow more understanding. The book is an excellent foundation for applying wireless energy transfer technologies in most fields including transportation, communication, home automation, biomedical systems and home appliances. The book is recommended to practitioners and engineers in the power industry, students in universities and research institutes. Honours and post graduate students in Physics, electrical/electronic engineering and computer science will find the book easy to read and apply because of the mode of presentation.

The book provides you with information on how to implement and manage a zero-trust architecture across these different layers of an infrastructure. It is an introduction to the overall purpose of zero-trust and the benefits that zero-trust can bring to an infrastructure, across many different technologies: Cloud Networking Identity management Operational Technology (OT) 5G Zero-trust is not a product, but a way of thinking about design and architecture. Cisco and Microsoft are used as the technology vendors, but the steps and information are equally applicable to other technology vendors. The book provides you with information on how to implement and manage a zero-trust architecture. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Copyright Page 3 Title Page 4 Table of Contents 6 About the Author 10 Introduction 12 Chapter 1: Why Zero-trust 14 1.1: What is Zero Trust 14 1.2: The History of Zero Trust 15 1.3: Why Zero Trust 16 1.4: Operational Technology 17 1.5: The Benefits of Zero Trust 18 1.6: Outro 19 Chapter 2: How to Zero Trust 22 2.1: The Politics of Zero Trust 23 2.2: Where to Begin 23 2.3: The Benefits 31 2.4: A summary 32 Chapter 3: Zero Trust – The Networking Level 34 3.1: Zero-trust Security Frameworks 37 3.2: Approach 37 3.3: Segmentation/Micro Segmentation 39 3.4: Software Defined Networking/Software Defined Access 41 3.5: SD-WAN 48 3.6: TACACS+ 49 3.7: RADIUS 50 3.8: MFA 51 3.9: VPN 52 3.10: Challenges 53 3.11: Outro 54 Chapter 4: Zero Trust Identity 56 4.1: Identity 57 4.2: Azure AD 58 4.3: Azure AD Tooling 60 4.4: Identity Governance 63 4.5: Authentication Strength 66 4.6: Privileged Identity Management 68 4.7: IAM 70 4.8: Outro 71 Chapter 5: Cloud and Zero-trust 74 5.1: Cloud History 75 5.2: The Future of Cloud 76 5.3: Zero-trust and Cloud Security 77 5.4: Hybrid Cloud and Zero Trust 80 Chapter 6: 5G and Zero-trust 86 6.1: What is new in 5G? 86 6.2: Why 5G Security? 88 6.3: 5G and Critical Infrastructure 90 6.4: Security of Cisco’s Private 5G Architecture 90 6.5: 5G and Zero Trust 92 Chapter 7: Zero-trust Governance/Compliance 96 7.1: COBIT 2019 99 7.2: IEC/ISO 27001 100 7.3: SABSA 101 7.4: TOGAF 102 7.5: NIST 103 7.6: IEC 62443 105 7.7: HIPAA 105 7.8: CIS 18 106 7.9: Cloud Security Alliance – Cloud Control Matrix 106 7.10: PCI DSS 107 7.11: Zero-trust Tooling 109 7.12: Zero-trust Maintenance 110 7.13: The Art of War 110 Chapter 8: OT Zero-trust Security 112 8.1: Terminology 113 8.2: IT/OT 115 8.3: OT Security Frameworks 118 8.4: OT Zero-Trust 120 8.5: OT Security Training/Certification 124 Chapter 9: Next Steps 126 9.1: Cisco 126 9.2: Microsoft/Cloud 127 9.3: Governance 129 9.4: 5G 129 9.5: Operational Technology (OT) 130 9.6: The Future of Zero Trust 131 Index 134 Networking,Communication;,Systems,and,Computer,Architecture Networking Communication,Systems and Computer Architecture