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Operational calculus. -- Gregers Krabbe Springer US Imprint : Springer, Berlin, New York, West Berlin, 1970

Since the publication of an article by G. DoETSCH in 1927 it has been known that the Laplace transform procedure is a reliable sub stitute for HEAVISIDE's operational calculus*. However, the Laplace transform procedure is unsatisfactory from several viewpoints (some of these will be mentioned in this preface); the most obvious defect: the procedure cannot be applied to functions of rapid growth (such as the 2 function tr-+-exp(t)). In 1949 JAN MIKUSINSKI indicated how the un necessary restrictions required by the Laplace transform can be avoided by a direct approach, thereby gaining in notational as well as conceptual simplicity; this approach is carefully described in MIKUSINSKI's textbook "Operational Calculus" [M 1]. The aims of the present book are the same as MIKUSINSKI's [M 1]: a direct approach requiring no un-necessary restrictions. The present operational calculus is essentially equivalent to the "calcul symbolique" of distributions having left-bounded support (see 6.52 below and pp. 171 to 180 of the textbook "Theorie des distributions" by LAURENT SCHWARTZ)

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Guided-wave optoelectronics : device characterization, analysis, and design T. Tamir, G. Griffel (auth.), Theodor Tamir, Giora Griffel, Henry L. Bertoni (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1995

The book is a completely new survey of the most recent advances in the areas of integrated optics and optelectronics. Written by nine authors who are internationally recognized authorities in their areas, the book contains chapters on optical waveguides, lightwave junctions and other thin-film components, lithium-niobate (LiNbO3) devices, guided-mode semiconductor (GaAs and related) lasers and integrated optic devices. Included are sections on basic theory as well as detailed descriptions of fabrication technology, applications and a plethora of available devices. The book should be of great interest to all researchers and engineers involved with integrated optics, optoelectronics and electro-optic systems and devices. Because of the systematic arrangement of its chapters, the book should also be very useful to graduate and senior undergraduate students. In addition, it will serve as a comprehensive reference manual for the theory and application of the most recent thin-film optical and optoelectronic technology.

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Exploding Wires : Volume 4 William G. Chace, Howard K. Moore Springer US Imprint : Springer, Exploding Wires, 4, 1968

This book is presented primarily to record the papers of the Conference on the Exploding Wire Phenomenon conducted by the Air Force Cambridge Research Center in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 2 and 3, 1959. A second and scarcely less important purpose of this book is to serve as a monograph on exploding wires. Nowhere in any language is there a book, or for that matter a section of a book, on electrical wire explosions. The growing interest in and import ance of the phenomenon was indicated by the very gratifying re sponse to the Confe: rence invitations. We hope this book, reaching an even larger audience, will fill a gap in the literature as well as serve as a record of the Conference. A logical arrangement of the papers was extremely difficult to accomplish. On whatever basis they were classified, most papers could have been equally well placed in more than one category. This difficulty was solved by arranging them in three broad classes. If this book is to serve as a monograph, some gene: ral back ground in the exploding wire phenomenon (EWP) is needed. The Introduction was written to serve this purpose. It is, of course, impossible to thank all those without whose help the Conference and this book would not have been possible.

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Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems || Ming S. Tung (auth.), Zahid Amjad Ph.D. (eds.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1998

Calcium Phosphates In Biological And Industrial Systems Provides A Comprehensive Discussion On Calcium Phosphates In The Diverse Areas Of Their Applications. The Authors Are All Respected Specialists In Their Particular Fields, Possessing Wide Knowledge And Experience And Able To Analyze Recent Results And Relate Them To Their Respective Areas Of Expertise. New Information, As Well As A Review Of Current Concepts, Highlights The Individual Contributions. Due To The Broad Scope Of The Subject Covered And The Large Number Of Contributions, This Book Is Divided Into Three Parts. Whilst Each Section Contains A Basic Theme, There Is A Considerable Overlapping Of Ideas And Approaches. This Reflects The Excitement And Interdisciplinary Nature Of Investigations By Researchers Interested In Dissimilar Aspects Of Calcium Phosphates. Considering The General Interest In Calcium Phosphates, Calcium Phosphates In Biological And Industrial Systems Is Directed At An Audience Of Researchers In The Fields Of Biology, Chemistry, Dentistry, Geology, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, And Medicine. It Will Also Be Useful To Technology-focused Researchers In Industry Whose Investigations Might Be Related Directly Or Indirectly To Calcium Phosphates.

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ia/recentadvancesin0000jose.pdf

Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry : the Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Convention and Scientific Program of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, New York City, April 30-May 2,1965 Wortis, Joseph Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1966, 1966

Keine Beschreibung vorhanden. Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.1966

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Wilhelm Wundt in History: The Making of a Scientific Psychology (Path in Psychology) Robert W. Rieber, David K. Robinson (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Path in Psychology, 2012

In this new millenium it may be fair to ask, "Why look at Wundt?" Over the years, many authors have taken fairly detailed looks at the work and accomplishments of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920). This was especially true of the years around 1979, the centennial of the Leipzig Institute for Experimental Psychology, the birthplace of the "graduate program" in psychology. More than twenty years have passed since then, and in the intervening time those centennial studies have attracted the attention and have motivated the efforts of a variety of historians, philosophers, psychologists, and other social scientists. They have profited from the questions raised earlier about theoretical, methodological, sociological, and even political aspects affecting the organized study of mind and behavior; they have also proposed some new directions for research in the history of the behavioral and social sciences. With the advantage of the historiographic perspective that twenty years can bring, this volume will consider this much-heralded "founding father of psychology" once again. Some of the authors are veterans of the centennial who contributed to a very useful volume, edited by Robert W. Rieber, Wilhelm Wundt and the Making of a Scientific Psychology (New York: Plenum Press, 1980). Others are scholars who have joined Wundt studies since then, and have used that book, among others, as a guide to further work. The first chapter, "Wundt before Leipzig," is essentially unchanged from the 1980 volume. Erscheinungsdatum: 20.09.2012

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Finding meaning in dreams : a quantitative approach G. William Domhoff (auth.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1996

"Distinguished psychologist G. William Domhoff brings together-for the first time-all the necessary tools needed to perform quantitative studies of dream content using the rigorous system developed by Calvin S. Hall and Robert van de Castle. The book contains a comprehensive review of the literature, detailed coding rules, normative findings, and statistical tables"--Font no determinada

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Advanced Analytical Techniques in Dairy Chemistry Kamal Gandhi & Neelima Sharma & Priyae Brath Gautam & Rajan Sharma & Bimlesh Mann & Vanita Pandey Springer US : Imprint: Springer, Springer Protocols Handbooks, 1st ed. 2022, New York, NY, 2022

This book compiles the advanced analytical techniques used in Dairy Chemistry research. It begins with the basic laboratory techniques and progresses towards techniques like spectroscopy, membrane processes, Western blotting etc. It provides step-by-step protocols for easy reproduction. It also provides troubleshooting guides. This one-of-a-kind protocols book is specifically designed for techniques used in Dairy Science research. It discusses all the necessary steps in different techniques, starting from sample preparations, standardizations and safety measures. It discusses the different techniques in assessing the quality of milk and milk products especially concerning to adulteration. It also includes the techniques used in assessing the active components in functional foods. The book is meant for students and researchers working in the field of Dairy and Food science. It is also useful for experts in the Dairy Industry

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Gaseous Dielectrics VII || Eugen Illenberger (auth.), Loucas G. Christophorou, David R. James (eds.) Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 10.1007/97, 1994

The Seventh International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics was held in Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A., on April 24-28, 1994. The symposium continued the interdisciplinary character and comprehensive approach of the preceding six symposia. Gaseous DielecIries VII is a detailed record of the symposium proceedings. It covers recent advances and developments in a wide range of basic, applied and industrial areas of gaseous dielectrics. It is hoped that Gaseous DielecIries VII will aid future research and development in, and encourage wider industrial use of, gaseous dielectrics. The Organizing Committee of the Seventh International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics consisted of G. Addis (U.S.A.), L.G. Christophorou (U.S.A.), F.Y. Chu (Canada), A.H. Cookson (U.S.A.), O. Farish (U.K.), I. Gallimberti (Italy), A. Garscadden (U.S.A.), D.R. James (U.S.A.), E. Marode (France), T. Nitta (Japan), W. Pfeiffer (Germany), Y. Qiu (China), I. Sauers (U.S.A.), R.J. Van Brunt (U.S.A.), and W. Zaengl (Switzerland). The local arrangements committee consisted of members of the Health Sciences Research Division and personnel of the Conference Office of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and staff of the University of Tennessee (UTK). The contributions of each member of these committees, the work of the Session Chairmen, the interest of the participants, and the advice of innumerable colleagues are gratefully acknowledged. I am especially indebted to Dr. Isidor Sauers, Dr. David R. James, Mrs

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Electronics : a General Introduction for the Non-Specialist George Henry Olsen Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1968, 1968

Keine Beschreibung vorhanden. Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.1968

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Viral Infections of Humans : Epidemiology and Control Richard A. Kaslow, Alfred S. Evans (auth.), Alfred S. Evans, Richard A. Kaslow (eds.) Springer US Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1997

I prepared this preface to the fourth edition of Viral Infections of Humans alone and with mixed emotions. It was immensely gratifying when Al Evans invited me to join him in producing the new edition. After following at a distance his exemplary career as a scholar and gentleman in every sense of those words, I was filled with anticipation at the privilege of observing close at hand the thoughtful dedication he had previously brought to editorial process. However, work together soon the our was overshadowed by the condition that would slowly take him from our task and our midst. As we both increasingly realized that his declining health might prevent him from seeing this final product, the initial gratification that I had felt gave way to a sense of awesome responsibility for perpetuating his masterful blend of science and literacy. From the earliest days in the planning of this revision, Al and I recognized the profound changes taking place both in the knowledge of viral infections and in the way that knowledge was being gathered. With all of biomedical science moving in the rush of revolution, every discipline generating information relevant to this text-from virology, immunology, and pharmacology to epidemiology and neuropsychology-has been swept along in the torrent, propelled principally by two synergizing technologic forces: molecular biology and cybernetics

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Handbook of teratology. 1, General principles and etiology Josef Warkany (auth.), James G. Wilson, F. Clarke Fraser (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 1, 1977

In less than 40 years teratology has grown from a little known discipline concerned with studies on the effects of a few physical and chemical stresses on developing fish, amphibians, and birds, to a discipline embracing a vast accumulation of literature on experimental studies in many animal forms and the results of intensive scrutiny of human development under varied conditions, as well. Emphasis has shifted from preoccupation with descrip tions of anatomical defects to concern about subtle and interacting causative factors, to searches for the early reactions to these at the cellular and subcellu lar levels, and to identification of abnormality in the chemical, the functional, and the ultrastructural realms. These changes in orientation have quite naturally made necessary the recruitment of concepts, methods, and expertise from other disciplines. Hence the foundations of teratology, which once were largely morphological, have extended into genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, reproductive physiology, epidemiology, and several aspects of veteri nary and clinical medicine. It is not surprising that a student or new investigator approaching the field of teratology may feel some dismay when confronted with the confusing array of cross-disciplinary concepts and principles it encompasses today. One of the aims of this work is to introduce what the editors believe is a logical thread of continuity into a field that may be regarded by some as a welter of disordered information.

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Drug and alcohol use : issues and factors Stanley Einstein (auth.), Stanley Einstein (eds.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1989

This Book Is The Outcome Of The First International Congress On Drugs And Alcohol To Be Held In Israel. Both The Conference And This Volume Grew Out Of The Need To Overcome The Specious Man-made Barriers Which Continue To Separate Intervention Plans And Efforts In The Broad Field Of Substance Use And Misuse. This Need Demands That All Of Us Become Aware Not Only Of The Differences Which May Separate Our Concerns, But Also Of The Similarities In Our Goals And Endeavors. We Are Obligated To Draw Together Toward A Common Effort For The Common Good. The Conference Was Designed To Facilitate The Exploration Ot Generic ~ssues. This Volume Is Designed To Document A Variety Of Factors Which Are Basic To The Defining, Selection, Planning, Implementation, And Evaluation Of Substance Use And Misuse Intervention. This Book Is Not A Traditional Proceedings Volume. Because The Needs Of A Listening Audience Are Quite Different From Those Of The Solitary Reader, And The Roles Of A Workshop Or Plenary Session Participant Are Also Dissimilar From Those Of The Reader, Not All Of The Congress Presentations Are Included, And The Articles That Are Included Have Undergone Major Revi Sions. Current Intervention Needs And Options Demand A Broad Spectrum Of Clearly Defined Roles For All Who Are Or Should Be Involved. Hence These Issues, Among Others, Served As Guidelines In The Preparation Of The Revised Articles.

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Cell and Molecular Biology of the Ear || Bernd U. Budelmann (auth.), David J. Lim (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 2000

Dr. Howard House, founder of the House Ear Institute and House Ear Clinic often uses the analogy of planting a seed when referring to establishing the House Ear Institute in 1946. Two grateful patients of Dr. House put forth the idea that his knowledge and innovative skills could be used to expand the understanding of hearing impairment and its treatment. Those two early patients provided the "seed money" to begin the Institute. Since that time, the growth has been phenomenal from a one-man laboratory to a multidisciplinary facility boasting over 175 scien tists, physicians, and support staff, all dedicated to the advancement of otologic research and education. Six years ago after a half-century of remarkable success with prosthetic and device research, the Institute began cultivating a new field of endeavor-cell and molecular biology. Don Nielsen, then the Institute's Executive Vice President for Research and Scientific Director, began exploring the potential for hair cell regen eration and presented his ideas to the Board of Trustees. For a period of six months, we did a lot of fact finding to assess what role the Institute might take in this excit ing new field.

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What Develops in Emotional Development? || Sharon Griffin, Michael F. Mascolo (auth.), Michael F. Mascolo, Sharon Griffin (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1998

"The problem of development is central in the study of emotional life for two basic reasons. First, emotional life so clearly changes (dramatically in the early years) with new emotional reactions emerging against the backdrop of an increasing sensitivity to context and with self-regulation of emotion emerging from a striking dependence on regulatory assistance from caregivers. Such changes demand developmental analysis. At the same time, understanding such profound changes will surely inform our understanding of the nature of development more generally. The complexity of emotional change, when grasped, will reveal the elusive nature of development itself. At the outset, we know that development is complex. We must take seriously what is present at any given phase, including the newborn period, because a developmental analysis disallows something emerging from nothƯ ing. Still, it is equally nondevelopmental to posit that new forms of new processes were simply present in their precursors. Rather, development is characterized by transformations in which more complex structures and organization "emerge" from new integration of prior components and new capacities. These new forms and organizations cannot be specified from prior conditions but are due to transactions of the evolving organism with its environment over time. They are not simply in the genome, and they are not simply conditioned by the environment. They are the result of the developƯ mental process"--Font no determinada

English [en] · PDF · 39.3MB · 1998 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/scihub/zlib · Save

lgli/Keller J.B., et al. (eds.) Surveys in applied mathematics. Vol.1 (Plenum, 1995)(ISBN 9781489904386)(600dpi)(T)(273s)_MP_.djvu

Surveys in Applied Mathematics Joseph B. Keller, David W. McLaughlin, George C. Papanicolaou Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995, 2014

Partial differential equations play a central role in many branches of science and engineering. Therefore it is important to solve problems involving them. One aspect of solving a partial differential equation problem is to show that it is well-posed, i. e. , that it has one and only one solution, and that the solution depends continuously on the data of the problem. Another aspect is to obtain detailed quantitative information about the solution. The traditional method for doing this was to find a representation of the solution as a series or integral of known special functions, and then to evaluate the series or integral by numerical or by asymptotic methods. The shortcoming of this method is that there are relatively few problems for which such representations can be found. Consequently, the traditional method has been replaced by methods for direct solution of problems either numerically or asymptotically. This article is devoted to a particular method, called the "ray method," for the asymptotic solution of problems for linear partial differential equations governing wave propagation. These equations involve a parameter, such as the wavelength. . \, which is small compared to all other lengths in the problem. The ray method is used to construct an asymptotic expansion of the solution which is valid near . . \ = 0, or equivalently for k = 21r I A near infinity. Erscheinungsdatum: 04.01.2014

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[NATO ASI Series] Fundamental Aspects of Inert Gases in Solids Volume 279 || J. B. Adams, W. G. Wolfer, S. M. Foiles, C. M. Rohlfing, C. D. Van Siclen (auth.), S. E. Donnelly, J. H. Evans (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1991

The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fundamental Aspects of Inert Gases in Solids, held at Bonas, France from 16-22 September 1990, was the fifth in a series of meetings that have been held in this topic area since 1979. The Consultants' Meeting in that year at Harwell on Rare Gas Behaviour in Metals and Ionic Solids was followed in 1982 by the Jiilich Inter national Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of Helium in Metals. Two smaller meetings have followed-a CECAM organised workshop on Helium Bubbles in Metals was held at Orsay, France in 1986 while in February 1989, a Topical Symposium on Noble Gases in Metals was held in Las Vegas as part of the large TMS/AIME Spring Meeting. As is well known, the dominating feature of inert gas atoms in most solids is their high heat of solution, leading in most situations to an essentially zero solubility and gas-atom precipita tion. In organising the workshop, one particular aim was to target the researchers in the field of inert-gas/solid interactions from three different areas--namely metals, tritides and nuclear fuels-in order to encourage and foster the cross-fertilisation of approaches and ideas. In these three material classes, the behaviour of inert gases in metals has probably been most studied, partly from technological considerations-the effects of helium production via (n, a) reac tions during neutron irradiation are of importance, particularly in a fusion reactor environ ment-and partly from a more fundamental viewpoint

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Radiation Effects on Electronic Systems Henning Lind Olesen Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Jan 09, 2014

This book was originally prepared to serve as a reference book on radiation effects in electronics for electronics engineers at the General Electric Re-Entry Systems Department, who had been confronted with the task of designing space radiation hard electronic equipment. It served its purpose so well that I felt it could perhaps be of benefit to other electronics engi- neers in similar situations. Hence this volume was prepared. It consists of the original text with updating of those subjects which have been most influenced by the rapid expansion of activities in the radiation effects field throughout the country.The book has been arranged in an order which seems most logical from a user's standpoint. The various kinds of nuclear radiation environments are described first. A terminology section is also included in this first chapter containing terms of which many are new and strange to the electronics engineer. Chapter 2 describes the atomic and nuclear interactions of radiation with matter and typical electronic devices. A large portion of this chapter is devoted to the effects on semicon- ductors, which are widely used by electronics engineers, but unfortunately very sensitive to nuclear radiation. The reader will soon discover that a thorough understanding and knowledge of these basic effect mechanisms will often suggest the design approaches which may be utilized to circumvent a particular radiation problem. Chapter 3 was prepared to make reference material available in the area of shielding. Shielding is often the first approach to overcoming the problems of radiation, and it is important to evaluate it as a design solution.

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Amorphous Solids and the Liquid State || J. E. Enderby (auth.), Norman H. March, Robert A. Street, Mario P. Tosi (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1985

This book has its origins in the 1982 Spring College held at the Interna tional Centre for Theoretical Physics, Miramare, Trieste. The primary aim is to give a broad coverage of liquids and amorphous solids, at a level suitable for graduate students and research workers in condensed-matter physics, physical chemistry, and materials science. The book is intended for experimental workers with interests in the basic theory. While the topics covered are many, it was planned to place special emphasis on both static structure and dynamics, including electronic transport. This emphasis is evident from the rather complete coverage of the determination of static structure from both diffraction experiments and, for amorphous solids especially, from model building. The theory of the structure of liquids and liquid mixtures is then dealt with from the standpoint of, first, basic statistical mechanics and, subsequently, pair potentials constructed from the electron theory of simple metals and their alloys. The discussion of static structure is completed in two chapters with rather different emphases on liquid surfaces and interfaces. The first deals with the basic statistical mechanics of neutral and charged interfaces, while the second is concerned with solvation and double-layer effects. Dynamic structure is introduced by a comprehensive discussion of single-particle motion in liquids. This is followed by the structure and dynamics of charged fluids, where again much basic statistical mechanics is developed

English [en] · PDF · 39.8MB · 1985 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli/scihub/zlib · Save

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Instructor's Manual for Food Analysis : Answers to Study Questions S. Suzanne Nielsen (auth.), S. Suzanne Nielsen (eds.) Springer US : Imprint: Springer, Food Science Text Series, Third Edition, Boston, MA, 2003

The first and second editions of Food Analysis were widely adopted for teaching the subject of Food Analysis and were found useful in the food industry. The third edition has been revised and updated for the same intended use, and is being published with an accompanying laboratory manual. Food Analysis, Third Edition, has a general information section that includes governmental regulations related to food analysis, sampling, and data handling as background chapters. The major sections of the book contain chapters on compositional analysis and on chemical properties and characteristics of foods. A new chapter is included on agricultural biotechnology (GMO) methods of analysis. Large sections on spectroscopy, chromatography, and physical properties are included. All topics covered contain information on the basic principles, procedures, advantages, limitation, and applications. This book is ideal for undergraduate courses in food analysis and also is an invaluable reference to professions in the food industry

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ia/alterationsofche0006abel.pdf

Alterations of Chemical Equilibrium in the Nervous System Abel Lajtha Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Boston, MA, 1971

It has been recognized for more than a thousand years that the function of the brain, like the function of the other organs of the body, is determined by its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Evidence that even its highest functions could be explained by these properties was gathered only in recent years, however; these findings, which clearly have to be confirmed by a great deal of further experimental evidence, indicate that most, if not all, of the functions of the brain are based on its bio chemical and biophysical mechanisms. This at first hearing may sound rather simple, but the ability to understand learning, emotion, perhaps even creativity, on biological terms may well be the most important scientific discovery of all time. Few pieces of knowledge can influence our future health and well-being to the degree that understanding of mental mechanisms will. It has been clearly shown in many ways in the previous volumes of this Handbook that from the biochemical or neurochemical point of view the brain is one of the most active organs. The brain seems stable and in some respects permanent; this is evidence not of inactivity but of carefully controlled homeostasis, of dynamic rather than static equilibrium, with most components undergoing metabolic alterations. Erscheinungsdatum: 16.02.2013

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Flavor of Meat and Meat Products || F. Shahidi (auth.), Fereidoon Shahidi (eds.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1994

Flavour is an important sensory aspect of the overall acceptability of meat products. Whether we accept or reject a food depends primarily on its flavour. Both desirable and undesirable flavour effects are contemplated. Furthermore, threshold values of different flavour-active compounds have an important effect on the cumulative sensory properties of all foods. Meat from different species constitutes a major source of protein for most people. Although raw meat has little flavour and only a blood-like taste, it is a rich reservoir of non-volatile compounds with taste-tactile properties as well as flavour enhancers and aroma precursors. Non-vola tile water-soluble precursors and lipids influence the flavour of meat from different species. In addition, mode of heat processing and the nature of additives used may have a profound effect on the flavour of prepared meats. This book reports the latest advancements in meat flavour research. Following a brief overview, chapters 2 to 5 discuss flavours from different species of meat, namely beef, pork, poultry and mutton. In chapters 6 to 12 the role of meat constituents and processing on flavour are described. The final section of the book (chapters 13 to 15) summarizes analytical methodologies for assessing the flavour quality of meats. I wish to thank all the authors for their cooperative efforts and com mendable contributions which have made this publication possible.

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Intermediate Electronics : Book 1 R. J. Maddock Springer US : Imprint : Springer, Dec 07, 2013

Keine Beschreibung vorhanden. Erscheinungsdatum: 07.12.2013

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lgli/Sotomayor, Marilda, Perez-Castrillo, David, Castiglione, Filippo - Complex Social and Behavioral Systems (2020, Springer US).epub

Complex social and behavioral systems : game theory and agent-based models Sotomayor, Marilda, Perez-Castrillo, David, Castiglione, Filippo Springer US, Imprint Springer, Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science series, New York, NY, 2020

This volume in the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition, combines the main features of Game Theory, covering most of the fundamental theoretical aspects under the cooperative and non-cooperative approaches, with the procedures of Agent-Based Modeling for studying complex systems composed of a large number of interacting entities with many degrees of freedom. In Game Theory, the cooperative approach focuses on the possible outcomes of the decision-makers’ interaction by abstracting from the "rational" actions or decisions that may lead to these outcomes. The non-cooperative approach focuses on the actions that the decision-makers can take. As John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern argued in their path-breaking book of 1944 entitled Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, most economic questions should be analyzed as games. The models of game theory are abstract representations of a number of real-life situations and have applications to economics, political science, computer science, evolutionary biology, social psychology, and law among others. Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) is a relatively new computational modeling paradigm which aims to construct the computational counterpart of a conceptual model of the system under study on the basis of discrete entities (i.e., the agent) with some properties and behavioral rules, and then to simulate them in a computer to mimic the real phenomena. Given the relative immaturity of this modeling paradigm, and the broad spectrum of disciplines in which it is applied, a clear cut and widely accepted definition of high level concepts of agents, environment, interactions and so on, is still lacking. This volume explores the state-of-the-art in the development of a real ABM ontology to address the epistemological issues related to this emerging paradigm for modeling complex systems.

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lgli/Francesco Ricci, Lior Rokach, Bracha Shapira - Recommender Systems Handbook (2022, Springer US).epub

Recommender Systems Handbook Francesco Ricci (editor), Lior Rokach (editor), Bracha Shapira (editor) Springer US : Imprint: Springer, 3rd ed. 2022, New York, NY, 2022

This third edition handbook describes in detail the classical methods as well as extensions and novel approaches that were more recently introduced within this field. It consists of five parts: general recommendation techniques, special recommendation techniques, value and impact of recommender systems, human computer interaction, and applications. The first part presents the most popular and fundamental techniques currently used for building recommender systems, such as collaborative filtering, semantic-based methods, recommender systems based on implicit feedback, neural networks and context-aware methods. The second part of this handbook introduces more advanced recommendation techniques, such as session-based recommender systems, adversarial machine learning for recommender systems, group recommendation techniques, reciprocal recommenders systems, natural language techniques for recommender systems and cross-domain approaches to recommender systems. The third part covers a wide perspective to the evaluation of recommender systems with papers on methods for evaluating recommender systems, their value and impact, the multi-stakeholder perspective of recommender systems, the analysis of the fairness, novelty and diversity in recommender systems. The fourth part contains a few chapters on the human computer dimension of recommender systems, with research on the role of explanation, the user personality and how to effectively support individual and group decision with recommender systems. The last part focusses on application in several important areas, such as, food, music, fashion and multimedia recommendation. This informative third edition handbook provides a comprehensive, yet concise and convenient reference source to recommender systems for researchers and advanced-level students focused on computer science and data science. Professionals working in data analytics that are using recommendation and personalization techniques will also find this handbook a useful tool.

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upload/bibliotik/T/The Forest of the Lacandon Maya - Suzanne Cook.epub

The forest of the Lacandon Maya : an ethnobotanical guide Suzanne Cook Springer US, Boston, MA, 1st ed. 2016, Boston, MA, New York, NY, 2016

"The Forest of the Lacandon Maya: An Ethnobotanical Guide, with active links to audio-video recordings, serves as a comprehensive guide to the botanical heritage of the northern Lacandones. Numbering fewer than 300 men, women, and children, this community is the most culturally conservative of the Mayan groups. Protected by their hostile environment, over many centuries they maintain autonomy from the outside forces of church and state, while they continue to draw on the forest for spiritual inspiration and sustenance. In The Forest of the Lacandon Maya: An Ethnobotanical Guide, linguist Suzanne Cook presents a bilingual Lacandon-English ethnobotanical guide to more than 450 plants in a tripartite organization: a botanical inventory in which main entries are headed by Lacandon names followed by common English and botanical names, and which includes plant descriptions and uses; an ethnographic inventory, which expands the descriptions given in the botanical inventory, providing the socio-historical, dietary, mythological, and spiritual significance of most plants; and chapters that discuss the relevant cultural applications of the plants in more detail provide a description of the area's geography, and give an ethnographic overview of the Lacandones. Active links throughout the text to original audio-video recordings demonstrate the use and preparation of the most significant plants." -- Font no determinada

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Optical Imaging of Brain Function and Metabolism 2 : Physiological Basis and Comparison to Other Functional Neuroimaging Methods Arno Villringer (auth.), Arno Villringer, Ulrich Dirnagl (eds.) Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 10.1007/97, 1997

This volume covers the latest developments in optical imaging of the brain which is becoming an increasingly important functional neuroimaging method. Optical intrinsic signals offer unrivaled temporal and spatial resolution of functional measurements of the exposed brain cortex in animals and humans. Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging ap proaches permit the noninvasive functional assessment of the human brain at bedside. Main advantages of these optical techniques are the biochemical specificity of the meas urements and the potential of measuring correlates of intracellular and intravascular oxy genation simultaneously. Recent data indicate that one may also measure a more direct correlate of neuronal activity associated with changes in light scattering. In this volume, recent technical progress of the optical method is covered as well as the physiological basis of the measurements. In simultaneous studies, near-infrared spec troscopy measurements are directly compared to other functional methods, especially PET and fMRI and examples are given for new applications of the NIRS-method. Based on re sults obtained with optical methods and other functional techniques the latest in our under standing of the coupling of neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow response is reviewed. This is an important basis for a better understanding of all functional neuroi maging methods which rely on neurovascular coupling such as PET, SPET and fMRI. Fi nally the optical method is put into the perspective of presently available functional neuroimaging methods including fMRI, PET, MEG and EEG.

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Vygotsky’s Sociohistorical Psychology and its Contemporary Applications || Carl Ratner (auth.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1991

"The social character of psychological phenomena has never been easy to comprehend. Despite the fact that an intricate set of social relations forms our most intimate thoughts, feelings, and actions, we believe that psychology originates inside our body, in genes, hormones, the brain, and free will. Perhaps this asocial view stems from the alienated nature of most societies which makes individual activity appear to be estranged from social relations. One might have thought that the emergence of scientific psychology would have disclosed the social character of activity had overlooked. Unfortunately, a century and a which naive experience half of psychological science has failed to comprehend the elusive social character of psychological phenomena. Psychological science has eviƯ dently been subjugated by the mystifying ideology of society. This book aims to comprehend the social character of psychological functioning. I argue that psychological functions are quintessentially soƯ cial in nature and that this social character must be comprehended if psychological knowledge and practice are to advance. The social nature of psychological phenomena consists in the fact that they are constructed by individuals in the process of social interaction, they depend upon properties of social interaction, one of their primary purposes is faciliƯ tating social interaction, and they embody the specific character of hisƯ torically bound social relations. This viewpoint is known as sociohistorical psychology. It was articƯ ulated most profoundly and comprehensively by the Russian psycholoƯ gists Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria during, the 1920s and 1930s"--Font no determinada

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[Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies] Measuring the Impact of the Nonprofit Sector || Patrice Flynn, Virginia A. Hodgkinson (auth.), Patrice Flynn, Virginia A. Hodgkinson (eds.) Springer US Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 2001

One of the major tasks facing researchers, practitioners, and funders is the development of empirical tools to measure the inherent worth of nonprofit organizations as well as the sector as a whole. Renowned scholars present chapters on the state of the art of performance measurement in the nonprofit sector and seek to establish a framework for a long-term research agenda to identify, quantify, and self-assess those qualities that make the nonprofit sector unique.

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Compagno Camilleri. Poesie incivili e altri scritti militanti Andrea Camilleri Micromega Edizioni impresa sociale srl, 2025

Nel centenario della nascita MicroMega rende il proprio omaggio ad Andrea Camilleri offrendo ai lettori i testi, i discorsi, gli appelli da Camilleri vergati, pronunciati o fatti propri negli ultimi 20 anni della sua vita: uno spaccato della storia del nostro paese e dell'impegno di un uomo che non ha mancato di intervenire nel dibattito pubblico, con l'integrità che caratterizza i veri intellettuali, spendendo e mettendo a rischio la sua popolarità per cause che andavano contro lo spirito dei tempi. Una pubblicazione per onorarne il ricordo e per tenere nei nostri scaffali gli insegnamenti di uno tra i più grandi scrittori italiani a cavallo degli ultimi due secoli, l'ultimo grande intellettuale impegnato che abbia avuto il nostro paese.ISBN : 9791280852441I miei tag : Biblio, Camilleri, Biografia, Intellettuali, Saggi, PoliticaMio titolo : Sì

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Financial Reporting : The Theoretical and Regulatory Framework David Alexander (auth.) Springer Science + Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1990

An introduction to how an accountant should report to people outside a business about the financial events of that business. The book is divided into three sections - the first deals with ideas, the second with a basic legal framework and the third considers the regulatory framework.

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The Future of the Brain Sciences : Proceedings of a Conference held at the New York Academy of Medicine, May 2-4, 1968 Milton R. J. Salton (auth.), Samuel Bogoch (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1969

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Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers || Umberto Mengali, Aldo N. D’Andrea (auth.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1997

Synchronization is a critical function in digital communications; its failures may have catastrophic effects on the transmission system performance. Furthermore, synchronization circuits comprehend such a large part of the receiver hardware that their implementation has a substantial impact on the overall costs. For these reasons design engineers are particularly concerned with the development of new and more efficient synchronization structures. Unfortunately, the advent of digital VLSI technology has radically affected modem design rules, to a point that most analog techniques employed so far have become totally obsolete. Although digital synchronization methods are well established by now in the literature, they only appear in the form of technical papers, often concentrating on specific performance or implementation issues. As a consequence they are hardly useful to give a unified view of an otherwise seemingly heterogeneous field. It is widely recognized that a fundamental understanding of digital synchronization can only be reached by providing the designer with a solid theoretical framework, or else he will not know where to adjust his methods when he attempts to apply them to new situations. The task of the present book is just to develop such a framework.

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Fractal Surfaces || John C. Russ (auth.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1994

The Author Integrates Discussions Of Fractal Geometry, Surface Modeling Techniques, And Applications To Real World Problems To Provide A Comprehensive, Accessible Overview Of The Field. His Work Will Equip Researchers With The Basic Tools For Measurement And Interpretation Of Data, Stimulating More Work On These Problems And, Perhaps, Leading To An Understanding Of The Reasons That Nature Has Adopted This Geometry To Shape Much Of Our World.

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Phase-Separation Phenomena in Glasses / Likvatsionnye Yavleniya V Steklakh / Ликвационные Явления В Стеклах : Proceedings of the First All-Union Symposium on Phase-Separation Phenomena in Glasses, Leningrad, April 16–18, 1968 F. Ya. Galakhov (auth.), E. A. Porai-Koshits (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1973

The First All-Union Symposium on Phase-Separation Phenomena in Glasses was held in Lenin grad from April 16 to 18, 1968. The symposium was organized by the Section of the structure of glass and the nature of the glassy state of the Scientific Council for the problem "New Tech nical Materials and Coatings Based on Glass and Refractory Compounds" of the State Committee for Science and Technology of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, by the Scientific Council for the problem "Physicochemical Principles of Production of New Heat-Resistant Inorganic Mate rials" of the Division of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Inorganic Materials, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, by the Leningrad regional board of the D. 1. Mendeleev All-Union Chemi cal Society, and by the 1. V. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The present collection consists of the Proceedings of the Symposium and is No. 3 in Vol. 5 of the series "The Glassy State," published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR since 1955. The book contains the results of theoretical and experimental investigations of phase sep aration of glasses into two glassy phases, and of the influence of this submicroscopically heter ogeneous structure on certain properties of glass. Metastable phase separation in glasses was discovered about 10 years ago

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Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates || H. Schneider, A. L. Rosenberger (auth.), Marilyn A. Norconk, Alfred L. Rosenberger, Paul A. Garber (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1996

This collection of 29 papers grew out of a symposium entitled'Setting the Future Agenda for Neotropical Primates.'The symposium was held at the Department of Zoo logical Research, National Zoological Park, Washington D. C., on February 26-27, 1994, and was sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Smith sonian Institution, and Friends of the National Zoo. We put the symposium together with two objectives: to honor Warren G. Kinzey for his contributions to the growing field of platyrrhine studies and to provide researchers who work in the Neotropics with the oppor tunity to discuss recent developments, to identify areas of research that require additional study, and especially to help guide the next generation of researchers. The symposium provided the opportunity to recognize Warren as a mentor and col laborator to the contribution of the study of platyrrhines. Contributions to the book were expanded in order to provide a more comprehensive view of platyrrhine evolution and ecology, to emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of many of these studies, and to high light the central role that New World monkeys play in advancing primatology. If this vol ume were to require major revisions after just one more decade of research, that would be a fitting testament to Warren's enthusiasm and his drive to continually update the field with new ideas and methods. Tributes to Warren and a list of his publications have been published elsewhere (Norconk, 1994, 1996; Rosenberger 1994, 1995).

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Procrastination and Task Avoidance : Theory, Research, and Treatment Joseph R. Ferrari, Judith L. Johnson, William G. McCown, Judith Johnson, William George McCown Springer Science + Business Media, The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995, 2013

Procrastination is a fascinating, highly complex human phenomenon for which the time has come for systematic theoretical and therapeutic effort. The present volume reflects this effort. It was a labor of love to read this scholarly, timely book-the first of its kind on the topic. It was especially encouraging to find that its authors are remarkably free of the phenomenon they have been investigating. One might have expected the opposite. It has often been argued that people select topics that trouble them and come to understand their problems better by studying or treating them in others. This does not appear to be true of the procrastination researchers represented in this book. I base this conclusion on two simple observations. First, the work is replete with recent refer ences and the book itself has reached the reader scarcely a year following its completion. Second, when one considers the remarkable pace of pro grammatic research by these contributors during the past decade, it is clear that they are at the healthy end of the procrastination continuum. The fascinating history of the term procrastination is well documented in this book. The term continues to conjure up contrasting, eloquent images-especially for poets. When Edward Young wrote in 1742, "Pro crastination is the Thief of Time," he was condemning the waste of the most precious of human commodities. Erscheinungsdatum: 26.06.2013

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nexusstc/Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM/b81ec5b9202d817f54e6516174b565af.pdf

Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM Bhadriraju Subramanyam, David W. Hagstrum, David W. Hagstrum Springer US, Springer US Imprint : Springer, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2000, 2012

Insects associated with raw grain and processed food cause qualitative and quantitative losses. Preventing these losses caused by stored-product insects is essential from the farmer's field to the consumer's table. While traditional pesticides play a significant role in stored-product integrated pest management (IPM), there has recently been, and will continue to be, a greater emphasis on alternative approaches. Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM details the most promising methods, ranging from extreme temperatures to the controversial radiation, and from insect-resistant packaging to pathogens. This collection is essential for anyone in academia, industry, or government interested in pest ecology or food or grain science.

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lgli/R:\ebooks\978-1-4899-6022-1\The Human Genome Project_ Cracking the Genetic Code of Life by Thomas F. Lee.txt

The Human Genome Project : Cracking the Genetic Code of Life Thomas F. Lee Springer US Imprint : Springer, Springer Nature, New York, NY, 2013

Describes the ten-year, multimillion dollar Human Genome Project and its process of gene mapping; includes concerns of critics of the project

English [en] · TXT · 208.1MB · 2013 · 📘 Book (non-fiction) · 🚀/lgli · Save

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Hybrid Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Laminated Composites || Suong Van Hoa, Wei Feng (auth.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1998

This book has one single purpose: to present the development of the partial hybrid finite element method for the stress analysis of laminated composite structures. The reason for this presentation is because the authors believe that partial hybrid finite element method is more efficient that the displacement based finite element method for the stress analysis oflaminated composites. In fact, the examples in chapter 5 of this book show that the partial hybrid finite element method is about 5 times more efficient than the displacement based finite element method. Since there is a great need for accurate and efficient calculation of interlaminar stresses for the design using composites, the partial hybrid finite method does provide one possible solution. Hybrid finite method has been in existence since 1964 and a significant amount of work has been done on the topic. However, the authors are not aware of any systematic piece of literature that gives a detailed presentation of the method. Chapters of the displacement finite element method and the evolution 1 and 2 present a sununary of the hybrid finite element method. Hopefully, these two chapters can provide the readers with an appreciation for the difference between the displacement finite element method and the hybrid finite element. It also should prepare the readers for the introduction of partial hybrid finite element method presented in chapter 3.

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[Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine] Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals || Marie-Pierre Junier, Steven G. Kernie (eds.) Springer US : Imprint: Springer, 10.1007/97, 2014

This text highlights the endogenous regenerative potential of the central nervous system in neonates and juveniles and discusses possible ways it might be manipulated for medical purposes. The first section provides a descriptive summary of the salient steps of human brain development with a discussion of comparisons with other mammalian brains. It also provides a historical perspective on our understanding of ongoing brain development throughout the lifespan and serve to introduce the concept of brain plasticity following injury. The second part is devoted to the endogenous reparative potential of the brain, including its limitations, and articles focusing on defined pathologies (e.g. anoxia/hypoxia, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and stress) in animal models and in humans pinpoint eventual ways these pathologies might be manipulated. The third and final focuses on the "dark side" of stem cells for brain repair or of the manipulation of spontaneous adaptive events after injury (e.g. genomic instability, sensitization to cancerous transformation and defective neural networks).

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Vaccine Design : The Role of Cytokine Networks Anthony C. Allison (auth.), Gregory Gregoriadis, Brenda McCormack, Anthony C. Allison (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1997

Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Cape Sounion, Greece, June 24-July 5, 1996

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The Human in Command : Exploring the Modern Military Experience Ross Pigeau, Carol McCann (auth.), Carol McCann, Ross Pigeau (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 2000

Whether involved in disaster relief, peacekeeping operations, or war, militaries from all nations deal in the common currency of human conflict. And although technology has come a long way in assisting the resolution of some of these conflicts, inevitably human conflict requires human intervention. The purpose of this book is to explore and understand the implications of this human intervention and the ways that science can make it more effective. The book brings together experienced military leaders and researchers in the human sciences to offer current operational experience and scientific thought on the issue of military command, with the intention of raising awareness of the uniquely human aspects of military command. It includes chapters on the personal experiences of senior commanders, new concepts and treatises on command theory, and empirical findings from experimental studies in the field

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Linear piezoelectric plate vibrations : elements of the linear theory of piezoelectricity and the vibrations of piezoelectric plates H. F. Tiersten (auth.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1969

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[Fundamental Issues in Archaeology] Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies || Linda Manzanilla (auth.), Linda Manzanilla (eds.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1997

This wide-ranging reference provides an overview of the different factors involved in the emergence and change in early urban societies in the Fourth Millennium B.C., including Mesopotamia and Egypt, pre-Shang China, Classic Horizon Central Mexico and the Mayan area, and middle Horizon societies in the Andean region. The contributors examine such factors as centralized storage and redistributive economies, agro-managerial models, mercantile network control, and conflict and conquest. The coverage emphasizes specific archaeological data useful in theoretical construction

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Handbook of Sweeteners || M. T. Conner (auth.), S. Marie, J. R. Piggott (eds.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1991

The study of sweetness and sweeteners has recently been an area well served by books at all levels, but this volume was planned to fill what we perceived as a gap in the coverage. There appeared to be no book which attempted to combine a study of sweetness with a thorough but concise coverage of all aspects of sweeteners. We set out to include all the important classes of sweeteners, including materials which do not yet have regulatory approval, so that clear comparisons could be made between them and their technological advantages and disadvantages. To achieve our first aim, of sufficient depth of coverage, the accounts within this volume are comprehensive enough to satisfy the requirements of a demanding readership, but cannot be exhaustive in a single volume of moderate proportions. The second aim, of breadth and conciseness, is satisfied by careful selection of the most pertinent material. For the purposes of this book, a sweetener is assumed to be any substance whose primary effect is to sweeten a food or beverage to be consumed, thus including both the nutritive and non-nutritive varieties, from the ubiquitous sucrose to the lesser known, newer developments in alternative sweeteners. The volume has its contents structured in a logical manner to enable it to be used in an ordered study of the complete subject area or as a convenient reference source.

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The Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen Paradox in Atomic, Nuclear, and Particle Physics || Alexander Afriat, Franco Selleri (auth.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1999

"Paradox" conjures up arrows and tortoises. But it has a speculative, gedanken ring: no one would dream of really conjuring up Achilles to confirm that he catches the tortoise. The paradox of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, however, is capable of empirical test. Attempted experimental resolutions have involved photons, but these are not detected often enough to settle the matter. Kaons are easier to detect and will soon be used to discriminate between quantum mechanics and local realism. The existence ofan objective physical reality,which had disappeared behind the impressive formalism of quantum mechanics, was originally intended to be the central issue of the paradox; locality, like the mathematics used, was just assumed to hold. Quantum mechanics, with its incompatible measurements, was born rather by chance in an atmosphere of great positivistic zeal, in which only the obviously measurable had scientific respectability. Speculation about occult "unobservable" quantities was viewed as vacuous metaphysics, which should surely form no part of a mature scientific attitude. Soon the "unmeasurable, " once only disreputable, vanished altogether. One had first been told not to worry about it; then, as dogma got more carefully defined, one was assured that the unobserved was just not there. This made it easier not to think about it and to avoid hazardous metaphysical temptation.

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Biological Electron Microscopy || || Front_matter Dykstra, Michael J.; Reuss, Laura E. Springer US : Imprint: Springer, 10.1007/978-1-4419-9244-4, 2003

Electron microscopy is frequently portrayed as a discipline that stands alone, separated from molecular biology, light microscopy, physiology, and biochemistry, among other disciplines. It is also presented as a technically demanding discipline operating largely in the sphere of "black boxes" and governed by many absolute laws of procedure. At the introductory level, this portrayal does the discipline and the student a disservice. The instrumentation we use is complex, but ultimately understandable and, more importantly, repairable. The procedures we employ for preparing tissues and cells are not totally understood, but enough information is available to allow investigators to make reasonable choices concerning the best techniques to apply to their parti cular problems. There are countless specialized techniques in the field of electron and light microscopy that require the acquisition of specialized knowledge, particularly for interpretation of results (electron tomography and energy dispersive spectroscopy immediately come to mind), but most laboratories possessing the equipment to effect these approaches have specialists to help the casual user. The advent of computer operated electron microscopes has also broadened access to these instruments, allowing users with little technical knowledge about electron microscope design to quickly become operators. This has been a welcome advance, because earlier instru ments required a level of knowledge about electron optics and vacuum systems to produce optimal photographs and to avoid "crashing" the instruments that typically made it difficult for beginners.

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The Carbonic anhydrases : cellular physiology and molecular genetics Susanna J. Dodgson (auth.), Susanna J. Dodgson, Richard E. Tashian, Gerolf Gros, Nicholas D. Carter (eds.) Springer Science & Business Media, 10.1007/97, 1991

As we approach the twenty-first century the problems of industrialization are evident: we find there is a greenhouse effect, the ozone layer is being depleted, the rain is acidified, and there is a terrible problem of increasing C0 concentrations in the atmo 2 sphere. The carbonic anhydrases are a unique family of enzymes that solve these problems in the human body: they are responsible for converting C0 (a gas) to 2 HC0-, which is the biggest intracellular buffer, with a concomitant decrease in a 3 hydroxyl ion. Globally, the functions of the carbonic anhydrases in photosynthesis in rain forests and in the algae and plankton that cover our oceans indicate that they are also of utmost importance in the maintenance of the acid-base balance on our planet. Although the whole field of C0 metabolism is enormous and still rapidly 2 expanding, because of the research interests of the editors this book is mainly concerned with mammalian carbonic anhydrases. However, if the interested reader intends to purify carbonic anhydrases from nonmammalian sources, Dr. Cheg widden has provided the necessary information in Chapter 7. The carbonic anhydrases were first discovered in 1933; until1976 there were thought to be only two isozymes. Since then CA ill, IY, V, VI, and Vll have been discovered and well characterized. There is, of course, no reason to believe that we have found them all

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Other Organic Ligands || Arthur E. Martell, Robert M. Smith (auth.) Springer US : Imprint : Springer, 10.1007/97, 1977

Over the past fifteen years the Commission on Equilibrium Data of the Analytical Division of the Inter national Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has been sponsoring a noncritical compilation of metal complex formation constants and related equilibrium constants. This work was extensive in scope and resulted in the publication of two large volumes of Stability Constants by the Chemical Society (London). The first volume, edited by L. G. Sillen (for inorganic ligands) and by A. E. Martell (for organic ligands), was published in 1964 and covered the literature through 1962. The second volume, subtitled Supplement No. 1, edited by L. G. Sillen and E. Hogfeldt (for inorganic ligands) and by A. E. Martell and R. M. Smith (for organic ligands), was published in 1971 and covered the literature up to 1969. These two large compilations attempted to cover all papers in the field related to metal complex equilibria (heats, entropies, and free energies). Since it was the policy of the Commission during that period to avoid decisions concerning the quality and reliability of the published work, the compilation would frequently contain from ten to twenty values for a single equilibrium constant. In many cases the values would differ by one or even two orders of magnitude, thus frustrating readers who wanted to use the data without doing the extensive literature study necessary to determine the correct value of the constant in question.

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