Introduction: The challenge -- Vicariance: a many-faceted concept -- From the universal to the particular -- Part I. The vicarious act -- 1. The brain as a problem-solver: Vicarious functioning -- The comparative method: the return to the individual -- Vicarious usage: Von Uexkull's worlds -- Biogeographical vicariance: diversity or innovation? -- Ecological vicariance -- 2. Perceiving and acting: Vicarious perception and movement -- Sensory substitution -- The vicarious gesture -- Systems for calculating and reading -- The vicariance toolbox: internal models, simulation, and emulation -- Mental imagery suggests new solutions -- Is the brain an optimist or a pessimist? -- Vicariance and the variety of conscious processes -- 3. The personal body, self, and identity: Vicarious identity: multiple identities -- The King's two bodies -- Multiple identities: strength or weakness? -- The virtual body: the Fregoli and Capgras delusions -- The avatar revolution -- Humanoids and robot companions -- 4. Vicariance and changing perspective: Does vicariance depend on multiple spatial reference frames? -- The neural basis of the ability to change perspective -- Cognitive strategies for navigation -- Inter-individual and inter-sex differences -- Social consequences: disorders of spatial vicariance -- Does vicariance govern geometric processing? -- An example of mathematical vicariance: the history of imaginary numbers -- Changing perspective: how many strategies? -- The neural basis of changes in perspective -- Many roads lead to one decision -- Part II. Ontogenesis and plasticity -- 5. The stages of vicariance: How vicariance develops in children -- Restoration and maturation of vicarious functioning -- Mental isolation destroys vicariance -- 6. Vicariance and brain plasticity: Do adults also experience critical periods? -- Experience and plasticity -- The bottleneck hypothesis -- Mental and motor imagery influence the brain in the same way that experience does -- The difference between rehabilitation and remediation -- Compensating age-related deficits -- Part III. Vicariance and sharing emotions -- 7. Sympathy and empathy: Vicariance and emotions -- A spatial theory of the difference between sympathy and empathy -- Suppressing emotions to help others -- 8. Vicarious emotion: Vicarious pain -- Vicarious traumatization -- Attachment -- Ostracism hurts -- Altruism, compassion, shame -- Lying and loyalty: respecting social norms -- Part IV. Vicarious learning -- 9. Vicarious learning: The legacy of comparative psychology -- Learning by vicarious reinforcement -- Mastery learning through vicarious activity -- Bandura's theory of vicarious learning -- Vygotsky and the effect of social context -- La Garanderie's theory of mental movement -- Cognitive modification of learning -- Epilogue. The vicarious brain, creator of worlds: The many facets of vicariance -- The odd couple: universal and particular -- Serendipity: an example of vicarious creativity -- Vicarious actor or spectator? -- Vicariance and metaphor -- Catachresis -- Vicarious money -- Different societies with a similar milieu -- The scapegoat: a vicarious substitute? -- Democracy and vicariance -- Utopia: the creation of other possible worlds -- Vicariance and resilience -- Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde: the two sides of vicarianceISBN : 9780674088955

1 online resource (viii, 215 pages), Groping around a familiar room in the dark, relearning to read after a brain injury, navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar: all are expressions of vicariance--when the brain substitutes one process or function for another. Alain Berthoz shows that this capacity allows humans to think creatively in an increasingly complex world.--, Translated from the French, \"First published as La Vicariance: Le cerveau créateur de mondes (c) Odile Jacob, 2013\"--Title page verso, Includes bibliographical references and index, The brain as a problem-solver -- Perceiving and acting -- The personal body, self, and identity -- Vicariance and changing perspective -- The stages of vicariance -- Vicariance and brain plasticity -- Sympathy and empathy -- Vicarious emotion -- Vicarious learning, Print version record

Groping around a familiar room in the dark, or learning to read again after a traumatic brain injury; navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar, or envisioning a scene through the eyes of a character―all of these are expressions of one fundamental property of life, Alain Berthoz argues. They are instances of vicariance, when the brain sidesteps an impasse by substituting one process or function for another. In __The Vicarious Brain, Creator of Worlds,__ Berthoz shows that this capacity is the foundation of the human ability to think creatively and function in a complex world. Vicariance is often associated with proxies and delegates, but it also refers to a biological process in which a healthy organ takes over for a defective counterpart. Berthoz, a neuroscientist, approaches vicariance through neuronal networks, asking how, for example, a blind person can develop a heightened sense of touch. He also describes how our brains model physical reality and how we use these models to understand things that are foreign to us. Forging across disciplinary boundaries, he explores notions of the vicarious in paleontology, ethology, art, literature, and psychology. Through an absorbing examination of numerous facets of vicariance, Berthoz reveals its impact on an individual’s daily decision making and, more broadly, on the brain’s creation of worlds. As our personal and social lives are transformed by virtual realities, it is more crucial than ever before that we understand vicariance within our increasingly complex environment, and as an aspect of our own multiplying identities.

Groping around a familiar room in the dark, or learning to read again after a traumatic brain injury; navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar, or envisioning a scene through the eyes of a character―all of these are expressions of one fundamental property of life, Alain Berthoz argues. They are instances of vicariance, when the brain sidesteps an impasse by substituting one process or function for another. In __The Vicarious Brain, Creator of Worlds,__ Berthoz shows that this capacity is the foundation of the human ability to think creatively and function in a complex world. Vicariance is often associated with proxies and delegates, but it also refers to a biological process in which a healthy organ takes over for a defective counterpart. Berthoz, a neuroscientist, approaches vicariance through neuronal networks, asking how, for example, a blind person can develop a heightened sense of touch. He also describes how our brains model physical reality and how we use these models to understand things that are foreign to us. Forging across disciplinary boundaries, he explores notions of the vicarious in paleontology, ethology, art, literature, and psychology. Through an absorbing examination of numerous facets of vicariance, Berthoz reveals its impact on an individual’s daily decision making and, more broadly, on the brain’s creation of worlds. As our personal and social lives are transformed by virtual realities, it is more crucial than ever before that we understand vicariance within our increasingly complex environment, and as an aspect of our own multiplying identities.

In This Book A Noted Physiologist And Neuroscientist Introduces The Concept Of Simplexity, The Set Of Solutions Living Organisms Find That Enable Them To Deal With Information And Situations, While Taking Into Account Past Experiences And Anticipating Future Ones. Such Solutions Are New Ways Of Addressing Problems So That Actions May Be Taken More Quickly, More Elegantly, And More Efficiently. In A Sense, The History Of Living Organisms May Be Summed Up By Their Remarkable Ability To Find Solutions That Avoid The World's Complexity By Imposing On It Their Own Rules And Functions. Evolution Has Resolved The Problem Of Complexity Not By Simplifying But By Finding Solutions Whose Processes--though They Can Sometimes Be Complex--allow Us To Act In The Midst Of Complexity And Of Uncertainty. Nature Can Inspire Us By Making Us Realize That Simplification Is Never Simple And Requires Instead That We Choose, Refuse, Connect, And Imagine, In Order To Act In The Best Possible Manner. Such Solutions Are Already Being Applied In Design And Engineering And Are Significant In Biology, Medicine, Economics, And The Behavioral Sciences-- Making The Complex Simplex -- Sketching A Theory Of Simplexity -- Gaze And Empathy -- Attention -- The Brain As Emulator And Creator Of Worlds -- Simplexity In Perception -- The Laws Of Natural Movement -- The Simplex Gesture -- Walking : A Challenge To Complexity -- Simplex Space -- Perceiving, Experiencing, And Imagining Space -- The Spatial Foundations Of Rational Thought. Alain Berthoz ; Translated By Giselle Weiss. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 211-249) And Index.

The neuroscientist Alain Berthoz experimented on Russian astronauts in space to answer these questions: How does weightlessness affect motion? How are motion and three-dimensional space perceived? In this erudite and witty book, Berthoz describes how human beings on earth perceive and control bodily movement. Reviewing a wealth of research in neurophysiology and experimental psychology, he argues for a rethinking of the traditional separation between action and perception, and for the division of perception into five senses. In Berthoz’s view, perception and cognition are inherently predictive, functioning to allow us to anticipate the consequences of current or potential actions. The brain acts like a simulator that is constantly inventing models to project onto the changing world, models that are corrected by steady, minute feedback from the world. We move in the direction we are looking, anticipate the trajectory of a falling ball, recover when we stumble, and continually update our own physical position, all thanks to this sense of movement. This interpretation of perception and action allows Berthoz, in __The Brain’s Sense of Movement__, to focus on psychological phenomena largely ignored in standard texts: proprioception and kinaesthesis, the mechanisms that maintain balance and coordinate actions, and basic perceptual and memory processes involved in navigation.

Groping around a familiar room in the dark, or learning to read again after a traumatic brain injury; navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar, or envisioning a scene through the eyes of a character―all of these are expressions of one fundamental property of life, Alain Berthoz argues. They are instances of vicariance, when the brain sidesteps an impasse by substituting one process or function for another. In __The Vicarious Brain, Creator of Worlds,__ Berthoz shows that this capacity is the foundation of the human ability to think creatively and function in a complex world. Vicariance is often associated with proxies and delegates, but it also refers to a biological process in which a healthy organ takes over for a defective counterpart. Berthoz, a neuroscientist, approaches vicariance through neuronal networks, asking how, for example, a blind person can develop a heightened sense of touch. He also describes how our brains model physical reality and how we use these models to understand things that are foreign to us. Forging across disciplinary boundaries, he explores notions of the vicarious in paleontology, ethology, art, literature, and psychology. Through an absorbing examination of numerous facets of vicariance, Berthoz reveals its impact on an individual’s daily decision making and, more broadly, on the brain’s creation of worlds. As our personal and social lives are transformed by virtual realities, it is more crucial than ever before that we understand vicariance within our increasingly complex environment, and as an aspect of our own multiplying identities.

The neuroscientist Alain Berthoz experimented on Russian astronauts in space to answer these questions: How does weightlessness affect motion? How are motion and three-dimensional space perceived? In this erudite and witty book, Berthoz describes how human beings on earth perceive and control bodily movement. Reviewing a wealth of research in neurophysiology and experimental psychology, he argues for a rethinking of the traditional separation between action and perception, and for the division of perception into five senses. In Berthoz's view, perception and cognition are inherently predictive, functioning to allow us to anticipate the consequences of current or potential actions. The brain acts like a simulator that is constantly inventing models to project onto the changing world, models that are corrected by steady, minute feedback from the world. We move in the direction we are looking, anticipate the trajectory of a falling ball, recover when we stumble, and continually update our own physical position, all thanks to this sense of movement. This interpretation of perception and action allows Berthoz, in The Brain's Sense of Movement , to focus on psychological phenomena largely ignored in standard texts: proprioception and kinaesthesis, the mechanisms that maintain balance and coordinate actions, and basic perceptual and memory processes involved in navigation.

In this book a noted physiologist and neuroscientist introduces the concept of __simplexity__, the set of solutions living organisms find that enable them to deal with information and situations, while taking into account past experiences and anticipating future ones. Such solutions are new ways of addressing problems so that actions may be taken more quickly, more elegantly, and more efficiently. In a sense, the history of living organisms may be summed up by their remarkable ability to find solutions that avoid the world’s complexity by imposing on it their own rules and functions. Evolution has resolved the problem of complexity not by simplifying but by finding solutions whose processes—though they can sometimes be complex—allow us to act in the midst of complexity and of uncertainty. Nature can inspire us by making us realize that simplification is never simple and requires instead that we choose, refuse, connect, and imagine, in order to act in the best possible manner. Such solutions are already being applied in design and engineering and are significant in biology, medicine, economics, and the behavioral sciences.

At the beginning of the 20th century, German biologist Jakob von Uexküll created the concept of "Umwelt" to denote the environment as experienced by a subject. This concept of environment differs from the idea of passive surroundings and is defined not just by physical surroundings, but is rather a "subjective universe", a space weighted with meaning. Today, neuroscience provides a new way to look at the brain’s capability to create a representation of the world. At the same time behavioural specialists are demonstrating that animals have a richer mental universe than previously known. Philosophical reflection thus finds itself with more experimental and objective data as well. Nearly a century after the publication of von Uexküll’s founding work ("Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere" was published in 1909), neurobiologists, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, ethologists, and philosophers revisit his mail concept at the light of modern science

At the beginning of the 20th century, German biologist Jakob von Uexküll created the concept of "Umwelt" to denote the environment as experienced by a subject. This concept of environment differs from the idea of passive surroundings and is defined not just by physical surroundings, but is rather a "subjective universe", a space weighted with meaning. Today, neuroscience provides a new way to look at the brain’s capability to create a representation of the world. At the same time behavioural specialists are demonstrating that animals have a richer mental universe than previously known. Philosophical reflection thus finds itself with more experimental and objective data as well. Nearly a century after the publication of von Uexküll’s founding work ("Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere" was published in 1909), neurobiologists, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, ethologists, and philosophers revisit his mail concept at the light of modern science

At the beginning of the 20th century, German biologist Jakob von Uexküll created the concept of "Umwelt" to denote the environment as experienced by a subject. This concept of environment differs from the idea of passive surroundings and is defined not just by physical surroundings, but is rather a "subjective universe", a space weighted with meaning. Based on this perspective, a living organism, no matter how basic (such as the tick studied by von Uexküll), created its own universe when it interacts with the world and as this same time the organism reshapes it. Today, neuroscience provides a new way to look at the brain’s capability to create a representation of the world. At the same time behavioural specialists are demonstrating that animals have a richer mental universe than previously known. Philosophical reflection thus finds itself with more experimental and objective data as well. Nearly a century after the publication of von Uexküll’s founding work ( "Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere" was published in 1909), neurobiologists, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, ethologists, and philosophers revisit his mail concept at the light of modern science

Groping around a familiar room in the dark, or learning to read again after a traumatic brain injury; navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar, or envisioning a scene through the eyes of a character—all of these are expressions of one fundamental property of life, Alain Berthoz argues. They are instances of vicariance, when the brain sidesteps an impasse by substituting one process or function for another. In The Vicarious Brain, Creator of Worlds, Berthoz shows that this capacity is the foundation of the human ability to think creatively and function in a complex world.Vicariance is often associated with proxies and delegates, but it also refers to a biological process in which a healthy organ takes over for a defective counterpart. Berthoz, a neuroscientist, approaches vicariance through neuronal networks, asking how, for example, a blind person can develop a heightened sense of touch. He also describes how our brains model physical reality and how we use these models to understand things that are foreign to us. Forging across disciplinary boundaries, he explores notions of the vicarious in paleontology, ethology, art, literature, and psychology.Through an absorbing examination of numerous facets of vicariance, Berthoz reveals its impact on an individual's daily decision making and, more broadly, on the brain's creation of worlds. As our personal and social lives are transformed by virtual realities, it is more crucial than ever before that we understand vicariance within our increasingly complex environment, and as an aspect of our own multiplying identities.

<p>Decision making is an area of profound importance to a wide range of specialties - for psychologists, economists, lawyers, clinicians, managers, and of course philosophers. Only relatively recently, though, have we begun to really understand how decision making processes are implemented in the brain, and how they might interact with our emotions. Emotion and Reason presents a groundbreaking new approach to understanding decision making processes and their neural bases. The book presents a sweeping survey of the science of decision making. It examines the brain mechanisms involved in making decisions, and controversially proposes that many of our perceptual actions are essentially decision making processes. Whether looking, listening, hearing, or moving, we choose to attend to certain stimuli, at the expense of others. In some psychiatric disorders the inability to respond selectively to certain stimuli can be harmful - such pathologies of decision making are additionally considered. Berthoz also considers how many decision making processes involve an internal dialogue with our other self, and how this dialogue with our 'doppelganger' might be represented in the brain. He considers the important implications that a neuroscience of decision making can have for the judiciary - how we apportion blame and responsibility, for economics - with discussion of the growing field of neuroeconomics; and for theories of management. Lastly he examines decision making and creativity - if perception relies in part on decision making processes, how might this alter our view of the artistic process? Written by a neuroscientist of international fame and accessible for both scientists and non-scientists,this book is the most exhaustive examination of the science of decision making yet.</p> <h3>Doody Review Services</h3> <p><b>Reviewer&#58;</b>Gary B Kaniuk, Psy.D.(Cermak Health Services)<BR><b>Description&#58;</b>This book describes the cognitive neuroscience underlying decision making, examining brain functioning of basic actions and how emotion interacts with and influences choices. It is a philosophical treatise as well, discussing the self as related to perception and sensation, especially in terms of physical/psychological disorders.<BR><b>Purpose&#58;</b>According to the author, I suggest moreover, that perception is not only simulated action but also and essentially a decision. Perceiving means not only combining and weighting, it means choosing from among the variety of available sense data those pertinent to the action envisaged. Perceiving resolves ambiguity; thus, perceiving is deciding. In contrast to the ideas maintained by some schools of cognitive psychology, I also suggest that decision making is not a process specific to humans, whose functioning depends on the prefrontal cortex and mechanisms such as working memory, which enables him to hold in his mind facts and recollections. I will argue that decision making mechanisms are present in animals at various levels of their central nervous system. We need to construct a 'hierarchical' and 'heterarchical' theory of decision making, to understand how parallel and serial processing of information is organized. Deciding is about linking the present to the past and to the future; it is about organizing things. In this book, I will try to show what I mean by these ideas. <BR><b>Audience&#58;</b>This book is written for a technically minded audience, such as neuropsychologists and cognitive scientists, as well as graduate students in both fields. The author is the director of the Laboratory of Perception and Action at UMR/CNRS, College de France in Paris.<BR><b>Features&#58;</b>The four parts of the book cover whether decision making is rational or irrational; decision making with one's second self; perception, preference, and decision making; and magical thinking. In general, the author discusses the neurobiological mechanisms of decision making, relating emotion to cognition. These chapters are fascinating because the author sheds new light on neuropsychological/physical pathologies such as agnosia, obsessions/compulsions, fight or flight reactions, Parkinson's Disease, and phantom limbs. Chapter six is very interesting reading, discussing bodily illusions such as phantom limbs and other disorders of body recognition. The book is full of research and includes some clinical examples. One shortcoming is that this is fairly technical reading. The reader must have a solid background in cognitive science to really understand it. But it is compelling material and one will not be disappointed because the author is so thorough. He unravels the underlying cognitive mechanisms of both the common and the mysterious. The book has many interesting and helpful figures and diagrams.<BR><b>Assessment&#58;</b>I enjoyed this book, although it was somewhat of a challenge because my background is as a clinical psychologist with a generalist training, not as a neuropsychologist. Readers interested in the cognitive underpinnings of decision making and its relationship to emotion should have this book.</p>

<p>The neuroscientist Alain Berthoz experimented on Russian astronauts in space to answer these questions: How does weightlessness affect motion? How are motion and three-dimensional space perceived? In this erudite and witty book, Berthoz describes how human beings on earth perceive and control bodily movement. Reviewing a wealth of research in neurophysiology and experimental psychology, he argues for a rethinking of the traditional separation between action and perception, and for the division of perception into five senses.</p> <p>In Berthoz's view, perception and cognition are inherently predictive, functioning to allow us to anticipate the consequences of current or potential actions. The brain acts like a simulator that is constantly inventing models to project onto the changing world, models that are corrected by steady, minute feedback from the world. We move in the direction we are looking, anticipate the trajectory of a falling ball, recover when we stumble, and continually update our own physical position, all thanks to this sense of movement.</p> <p>This interpretation of perception and action allows Berthoz, in <i>The Brain's Sense of Movement</i>, to focus on psychological phenomena largely ignored in standard texts: proprioception and kinaesthesis, the mechanisms that maintain balance and coordinate actions, and basic perceptual and memory processes involved in navigation.</p>

This book is based on a two-day symposium at the Paris Institute of Advanced Study titled "space-time geometries and movement in the brain and the arts". It includes over 20 chapters written by the leading scientists and artists who presented their related research studies at the symposium and includes six sections; the first three focus on space-time geometries in perception, action and memory while the last three focus on specific artistic domains: drawing and painting, dance, music, digital arts and robotics. The book is accompanied by a dedicated webpage including related images and videos.  There is an ever-growing interest in the topics covered by this book. Space and time are of fundamental importance for our understanding of human perception, action, memory and cognition, and are entities which are equally important in physics, biology, neuroscience and psychology. Highly prominent scientists and mathematicians have expressed their belief that our bodies and minds shape the ways we perceive space and time and the physical laws we formulate. Understanding how the brain perceives motion and generates -bodily movements is of great significance. There is also growing interest in studying how space, time and movement subserve artistic creations in different artistic modalities (e.g., fine arts, digital and performing arts and music). This interest is inspired by the idea that artists make intuitive use of the principles and simplifying strategies used by the brain in movement generation and perception. Building upon new understanding of the spatio-temporal geometries subserving movement generation and perception by the brain we can start exploring how artists make use of such neuro --geometrical and neuro-dynamic representations in order to express artistic concepts and emotionally affect the human observers and listeners. Scientists have also started formulating new ideas of how aesthetic judgements emerge from the principles and brain mechanisms subserving motor control and motion perception. Covering novel and multidisciplinary topics, this advanced book will be of interest to neuroscientists, behavioral scientists, artificial intelligence and robotics experts, students and artists.

D’où venons-nous, qui sommes-nous, où en sommes-nous, où allons-nous et que pouvons-nous faire ? Pendant des mois, 21 personnalités atypiques réunies dans « Gramhona », un Groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire sur l’Homme et la Nature, ont échangé pour apporter des réponses pertinentes à ces questions fondamentales. En faisant dialoguer biologie, médecine, art, neurosciences, chimie, écologie, informatique et bien d’autres disciplines, habituellement cloisonnées ou dispersées, ce livre tisse des liens inattendus et ouvre de nouvelles pistes que le lecteur peut emprunter comme il le souhaite. Une lecture indispensable pour raisonner librement plutôt que d’être le porte-parole des opinions des autres.

<p>L'inhibition est une des plus importantes découvertes de l'évolution. Elle est présente, avec sa compagne la désinhibition, à tous les niveaux du vivant – moléculaire, cellulaire, social, culturel. Sans l'inhibition, nous ne pourrions pas agir, choisir, décider, apprendre, mémoriser ni oublier pour laisser la place à des mémoires nouvelles. Sans les multiples formes d'inhibition que notre cerveau utilise, nous ne pourrions pas être empathiques, tolérants, innovants ou créateurs. La méditation est impossible sans l'inhibition. Les perturbations du délicat équilibre entre excitation et inhibition sont à l'origine de maladies comme le Parkinson, l'épilepsie, les troubles de l'attention, l'impulsivité, etc. Mais l'inhibition a une autre face. Elle assure, par les lois et les règles morales, la paix sociale et la liberté. Cependant, le cerveau et les pratiques de l'homme ont perverti cette ressource merveilleuse par le mensonge, le déni, l'oppression, la censure, la dictature, les excès de normes et d'interdits, la culture de la haine. Ils étouffent nos capacités à comprendre les émotions d'autrui et alimentent la barbarie. Cet ouvrage d'un physiologiste suit les péripéties et les multiplications des fonctions inhibitrices, depuis la molécule jusqu'à la société et aux droits de l'homme. Il offre, dans le format d'un «atelier» d'idées et de découvertes scientifiques récentes, une nouvelle grille de lecture aux sciences biologiques et aux sciences humaines et sociales. Alain Berthoz, neurophysiologiste, est professeur honoraire au Collège de France et membre de l'Académie des sciences. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages, dont Le Sens du mouvement, La Décision, La Simplexité et La Vicariance, qui ont été de grands succès.<br></p>

Le teorie della decisione sembrano a molti un ambito riservato a matematici austeri, economisti, psicologi fumosi e filosofi astrusi. Se vero che lintelligenza consiste nellelaborare un gran numero di dati complessi per trarne conclusioni semplici, allora il libro di Alain Berthoz si adatta perfettamente a questa definizione. La scienza della decisione ci offre una descrizione eccellente del funzionamento del nostro cervello come stratega e come interprete dei contesti, una sintesi che permette di fare chiarezza su noi stessi e di comprendere meglio il modo in cui agiamo. Le nostre preferenze e le nostre avversioni, le nostre rappresentazioni e le nostre speranze, il modo in cui percepiamo e ci muoviamo nel mondo: tutto concorre a farci prendere decisioni ogni giorno, buone o cattive, decisioni che sono altrettante scommesse sul futuro. Capire meglio ci che ci spinge a fare una scelta piuttosto che unaltra in s una piccola conquista di libert. Ognuno potr trovarvi qualcosa che lo riguarda rispetto alla propria personalit.

Solamente la mano che cancella. Questo verbo così latino, così forte, fa pensare alla rasura, la rasatura, il gesto che libera, affinché una nuova scrittura, una nuova storia, possa cominciare, e la mano sia libera di creare, senza negoziare i margini della chiosa, affinché questo bianco sia un nuovo inizio. Questa radicalità esigente alla ricerca di assoluto incombe su di noi, incomberà su di voi, in ogni riga di questo libro: chi cerca l’avventura, qui la troverà. Quanta? Dipenderà dal suo coraggio. —Carlo Ossola

<p>Alain Berthoz présente dans ce nouveau livre un concept clé, la « vicariance ». Lorsqu'un de nos sens en remplace un autre qui fait défaut (lorsque nous tâtonnons dans le noir, ou lorsque nous devons, suite à un accident, suppléer un organe défaillant), lorsque nous utilisons plusieurs stratégies pour parvenir à un même but, lorsque nous multiplions nos identités pour naviguer dans le monde virtuel d'Internet ou des jeux vidéo, nous nous en remettons à des processus vicariants mis en place au cours de l'évolution. Cette vicariance, possibilité de remplacer une fonction par une autre ou de déléguer une fonction ou une action à un avatar virtuel, est bien une stratégie essentielle qui permet à notre cerveau d'appréhender le monde extérieur et de nous y adapter en permanence. Car tout acte créatif implique un changement de point de vue offrant une perspective nouvelle sur les choses, un décentrement que seule la vicariance est à même de provoquer. D'où son importance cruciale pour la pédagogie et l'enseignement, le management des entreprises, la psychologie et les sciences humaines et sociales, et la rééducation des troubles pathologiques du système nerveux. Mieux comprendre la vicariance, c'est remettre l'homme au centre de la scène, dans toute sa diversité, et lui restituer sa capacité d'inventer des solutions nouvelles. Alain Berthoz, neurophysiologiste, est professeur honoraire au Collège de France et membre de l'Académie des sciences. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages, dont Le Sens du mouvement, La Décision et La Simplexité, qui ont été de très grands succès.<br></p>

<p>L'inhibition est une des plus importantes découvertes de l'évolution. Elle est présente, avec sa compagne la désinhibition, à tous les niveaux du vivant – moléculaire, cellulaire, social, culturel. Sans l'inhibition, nous ne pourrions pas agir, choisir, décider, apprendre, mémoriser ni oublier pour laisser la place à des mémoires nouvelles. Sans les multiples formes d'inhibition que notre cerveau utilise, nous ne pourrions pas être empathiques, tolérants, innovants ou créateurs. La méditation est impossible sans l'inhibition. Les perturbations du délicat équilibre entre excitation et inhibition sont à l'origine de maladies comme le Parkinson, l'épilepsie, les troubles de l'attention, l'impulsivité, etc. Mais l'inhibition a une autre face. Elle assure, par les lois et les règles morales, la paix sociale et la liberté. Cependant, le cerveau et les pratiques de l'homme ont perverti cette ressource merveilleuse par le mensonge, le déni, l'oppression, la censure, la dictature, les excès de normes et d'interdits, la culture de la haine. Ils étouffent nos capacités à comprendre les émotions d'autrui et alimentent la barbarie. Cet ouvrage d'un physiologiste suit les péripéties et les multiplications des fonctions inhibitrices, depuis la molécule jusqu'à la société et aux droits de l'homme. Il offre, dans le format d'un «atelier» d'idées et de découvertes scientifiques récentes, une nouvelle grille de lecture aux sciences biologiques et aux sciences humaines et sociales. Alain Berthoz, neurophysiologiste, est professeur honoraire au Collège de France et membre de l'Académie des sciences. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages, dont Le Sens du mouvement, La Décision, La Simplexité et La Vicariance, qui ont été de grands succès.<br></p>

Le nostre chiavi sono sul tavolo, e noi non le vediamo. Mettiamo la casa

Débattre sur les rapports entre chimie et sport illustre l'extrême diversité de la chimie : on y sollicite autant la chimie moléculaire que la chimie des matériaux. Dans le sport, c'est tout l'individu qui mobilise ses possibilités : le cerveau qui concentre toutes les volontés vers le but recherché, déclenche les bonnes décisions et commande la succession des efforts, les muscles qui adaptent leurs réponses en optimisant leur coordination, clé des performances. Et tous ces processus s'analysent en termes de molécules et de mécanismes biochimiques qu'il faut comprendre pour définir ensuite les conditions optimum de l'entraînement des sportifs, les excès à éviter, traquer les mauvaises pratiques du dopage. Dans un domaine différent, la chimie des matériaux n'est pas moins importante pour l'activité sportive. C'est l'expérience de tous : les progrès des vêtements spécifiques, du matériel (skis,raquettes de tennis, revêtements de sols) ont transformé la pratique du sport – pour le plus grand bénéfice des records, mais aussi du praticien amateur. Les retombées de ces progrès techniques sur les objets de notre vie quotidienne, comme sur la mode ou sur l'amélioration de nos voitures grâce à la F1, sont bien connues. Loin de n'être qu'une activité ludique, facteur du bien-être physique et mental, le sport est un véritable révélateur de la quête du « toujours mieux » qui caractérise l'humanité. L'analyse de la progression des performances sur la longue durée montre de façon impressionnante la symbiose entre deux approches a priori si distinctes : progression régulière par une meilleure maitrise du corps, progrès discontinus par les innovations technologiques. Dans les deux domaines, c'est la chimie qu'il faut convoquer ; on ne s'étonnera donc pas que le sportif qui s'attache à déborder des limites « naturelles » rencontre la chimie dont c'est aussi l'objectif constant. Feuilletez l'ouvrage ici! Découvrez le dossier'Carte Blanche'd'un des auteurs (Jean-Luc Veuthey).

Le nostre chiavi sono sul tavolo, e noi non le vediamo. Mettiamo la casa

Le nostre chiavi sono sul tavolo, e noi non le vediamo. Mettiamo la casa

Anche se non ci facciamo mai caso, il nostro cervello risolve problemi e prende decisioni di continuo. Per farlo, percepisce e agisce in molti modi a seconda del contesto, compensa mancanze, affronta situazioni nuove e cambia punto di vista. Questa straordinaria capacità creativa è la vicarianza, l'utilizzo cioè di molteplici e inattese strategie per raggiungere un obiettivo, rimpiazzare un senso con un altro (come quando ci si muove nel buio, o dopo un incidente) o delegare una funzione a una nostra estensione virtuale (nel mondo di internet e dei videogiochi). Il libro di Alain Berthoz dimostra che lo studio di questa strategia cognitiva, oltre a rappresentare un grande progresso scientifico, può avere importanti ripercussioni in pedagogia, nel problem solving aziendale, in psicologia, nelle scienze sociali e nella riabilitazione dalle malattie del sistema nervoso.[BIO]Alain Berthoz insegna al Collège de France ed è membro dell'Académie des sciences. È autore di numerosi libri di grande successo, tra cui "Il senso del movimento" (McGraw Hill, 1998), "La scienza della decisione" e "La semplessità" (Codice edizioni, 2004 e 2011).

L’étroitesse d’esprit, le dogmatisme, l’intolérance, le fanatisme sont, à des degrés divers, des formes d’enfermement dans un schéma mental. Pour y échapper, il faut accéder à la « pluralité interprétative » : devenir capable de « manipuler » ses propres représentations et ses idées pour adopter, au moins temporairement et en imagination, d’autres points de vue que le sien. Mais quelles sont les bases cérébrales et mentales d’une telle capacité chez l’enfant et chez l’adulte ? À travers quelles formes historiques – culturelles, religieuses, artistiques – s’est-elle incarnée et développée ? Peut-on l’enseigner aux enfants, et comment ? Organisé les 12 et 13 juin 2008 au Collège de France, le colloque La pluralité interprétative. Fondements historiques et cognitifs de la notion de point de vue a tenté de faire le point sur ces questions.

Le nostre chiavi sono sul tavolo, e noi non le vediamo. Mettiamo la casa a soqquadro, per poi ritrovarle dove le avevamo lasciate, in bella evidenza. Cosa è successo? Chi le ha nascoste? Il nostro cervello gioca a volte dei tiri mancini. Nasconde le cose, decide per noi cosa vedere e che cosa lasciare da parte. Le teorie della decisione sembrano a molti un ambito riservato a matematici austeri, economisti, psicologi fumosi e filosofi astrusi. La scienza della decisione ci offre una descrizione eccellente del funzionamento del nostro cervello come stratega e come interprete dei contesti.

De la rencontre entre Alain Berthoz, neuroscientifique, et la peintre Fabienne Verdier est né un dialogue original entre l'art et la science. Les tableaux de l'artiste résonnent avec les recherches du savant sur le mouvement et les géométries du cerveau. Richement illustré, ce livre documente l'expérience concrète, par Alain Berthoz, de l'acte de peindre avec les pinceaux suspendus, dans l'atelier de l'artiste. Ensemble, ils réalisent les tableaux Ressac et Soleil noir. Le temps d'une séance de peinture, avec la participation de Daniel Bennequin, mathématicien, et de Valérie Hayaert, historienne de l'art, ce livre retranscrit une conversation unique en son genre sur la création artistique, le corps en mouvement et la cognition. « Les artistes nous révèlent bien des propriétés du monde, de notre cerveau et de notre corps. » A. B. Alain Berthoz, neurophysiologiste, est professeur honoraire au Collège de France, membre de l'Académie des sciences et de l'Académie des technologies. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages dont Le Sens du mouvement, La Décision, La Simplexité, La Vicariance et L'Inhibition créatrice, qui ont été de grands succès. Fabienne Verdier est artiste peintre et ses œuvres ont été exposées dans de nombreux musées européens (musée Groeninge de Bruges, Pinakothek der Moderne de Munich, musée Granet d'Aix-en-Provence, musée Unterlinden de Colmar...).

D’où venons-nous, qui sommes-nous, où en sommes-nous, où allons-nous et que pouvons-nous faire ? Pendant des mois, 21 personnalités atypiques réunies dans « Gramhona », un Groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire sur l’Homme et la Nature, ont échangé pour apporter des réponses pertinentes à ces questions fondamentales. En faisant dialoguer biologie, médecine, art, neurosciences, chimie, écologie, informatique et bien d’autres disciplines, habituellement cloisonnées ou dispersées, ce livre tisse des liens inattendus et ouvre de nouvelles pistes que le lecteur peut emprunter comme il le souhaite. Une lecture indispensable pour raisonner librement plutôt que d’être le porte-parole des opinions des autres.

D’où venons-nous, qui sommes-nous, où en sommes-nous, où allons-nous et que pouvons-nous faire ? Pendant des mois, 21 personnalités atypiques réunies dans « Gramhona », un Groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire sur l’Homme et la Nature, ont échangé pour apporter des réponses pertinentes à ces questions fondamentales. En faisant dialoguer biologie, médecine, art, neurosciences, chimie, écologie, informatique et bien d’autres disciplines, habituellement cloisonnées ou dispersées, ce livre tisse des liens inattendus et ouvre de nouvelles pistes que le lecteur peut emprunter comme il le souhaite. Une lecture indispensable pour raisonner librement plutôt que d’être le porte-parole des opinions des autres.

<p>L'improbable est souvent considéré comme un vain exercice d'hypothèses oiseuses ou comme un supplément d'incertitude dans la culture occidentale, qui préfère le prévisible à l'incertain. Et pourtant… Que ce soit dans la recherche scientifique fondamentale ou dans l'invention artistique, dans la discussion philosophique ou dans l'évolution du vivant, l'improbable est cette source de liberté d'où peuvent jaillir idées, solutions ou événements nouveaux et imprévus. Autour d'Alain Berthoz et de Carlo Ossola, une dizaine de chercheurs d'envergure internationale abordent dans une approche multidisciplinaire les mystères et les ressorts de l'improbable, puissant facteur de créativité aux frontières du possible et de l'impossible. L'improbable au cœur de la création dans les sciences, les arts et dans la vie sociale! Alain Berthoz est neurophysiologiste et professeur honoraire au Collège de France (chaire «Physiologie de la perception et de l'action»). Il a notamment publié Le Sens du mouvement, La Décision, La Simplexité et, plus récemment, La Vicariance. Carlo Ossola est philologue, historien de la littérature. Il est professeur au Collège de France (chaire «Littératures modernes de l'Europe néolatine»). Il a récemment publié Érasme et l'Europe, L'Automne de la Renaissance et Fables et identité.?Pour retrouver l'Europe. Avec Paul Andreu, Daniel Bennequin, Emmanuelle Danblon, Paul Day, Edith Heard, Giuseppe Longo, Lucile Marion-Poll, Brian Stock, Gabriele Veneziano.<br></p>

<p>L'inhibition est une des plus importantes découvertes de l'évolution. Elle est présente, avec sa compagne la désinhibition, à tous les niveaux du vivant – moléculaire, cellulaire, social, culturel. Sans l'inhibition, nous ne pourrions pas agir, choisir, décider, apprendre, mémoriser ni oublier pour laisser la place à des mémoires nouvelles. Sans les multiples formes d'inhibition que notre cerveau utilise, nous ne pourrions pas être empathiques, tolérants, innovants ou créateurs. La méditation est impossible sans l'inhibition. Les perturbations du délicat équilibre entre excitation et inhibition sont à l'origine de maladies comme le Parkinson, l'épilepsie, les troubles de l'attention, l'impulsivité, etc. Mais l'inhibition a une autre face. Elle assure, par les lois et les règles morales, la paix sociale et la liberté. Cependant, le cerveau et les pratiques de l'homme ont perverti cette ressource merveilleuse par le mensonge, le déni, l'oppression, la censure, la dictature, les excès de normes et d'interdits, la culture de la haine. Ils étouffent nos capacités à comprendre les émotions d'autrui et alimentent la barbarie. Cet ouvrage d'un physiologiste suit les péripéties et les multiplications des fonctions inhibitrices, depuis la molécule jusqu'à la société et aux droits de l'homme. Il offre, dans le format d'un «atelier» d'idées et de découvertes scientifiques récentes, une nouvelle grille de lecture aux sciences biologiques et aux sciences humaines et sociales. Alain Berthoz, neurophysiologiste, est professeur honoraire au Collège de France et membre de l'Académie des sciences. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages, dont Le Sens du mouvement, La Décision, La Simplexité et La Vicariance, qui ont été de grands succès.<br></p>

<p>« Dans nos sociétés occidentales, les générations montantes ont toutes raisons de se fier aux voies qui leur ont été tracées: il n'y aurait pas de différence entre les sexes, il n'y aurait que de scandaleuses inégalités de traitement, alors même que les femmes peuvent exercer avec talent tous les métiers, y compris ceux qui ont été longtemps réservés aux hommes. Ce qui, plus que leur assurer une pleine indépendance, restaure enfin leur dignité. Et dire que leurs arrière-grands-mères, voire leurs grands-mères et parfois même leurs mères, se sont laissé prendre au piège de l'attente du Prince charmant quand ce n'est pas à l'illusion qu'en amour on ne compte pas! Elles vont occuper la place qui leur convient et résoudre enfin ces problèmes d'argent qui aliénaient souvent leurs ascendantes. Ce n'est pourtant pas toujours le cas pour celles qui en ont fait ou qui en font l'expérience. Comme elles savent, depuis qu'elles se sont mises à "gagner leur vie", que rien n'est gratuit, on espérerait les entendre se demander si le virage qui leur a été proposé n'est pas responsable de la précarité des couples. Elles cherchent des hommes qu'elles ne trouvent pas, occupés qu'ils sont à s'interroger sur ce qu'elles peuvent bien vouloir. Leur aurait-on fait sacrifier à leur insu quelque chose qui leur assurait un équilibre, fût-il fragile? Si oui, quoi et pour quelle raison? » A. N. Un livre qui jette une lumière crue et originale sur les relations que l'argent instaure dans toutes les familles et au sein même des couples. Un regard nouveau sur les hommes, les femmes et l'argent. Un livre riche d'exemples permettant aux couples d'aborder concrètement pour eux-mêmes et ensemble les questions que suscitent les rapports d'argent. Aldo Naouri, pédiatre, spécialiste des relations intrafamiliales, a notamment publié Les Filles et leurs Mères, Éduquer ses enfants, Les Pères et les Mères, L'enfant bien portant ou encore Adultères, qui ont tous connu un immense succès.<br></p>

Débattre sur les rapports entre chimie et sport illustre l'extrême diversité de la chimie : on y sollicite autant la chimie moléculaire que la chimie des matériaux. Dans le sport, c'est tout l'individu qui mobilise ses possibilités : le cerveau qui concentre toutes les volontés vers le but recherché, déclenche les bonnes décisions et commande la succession des efforts, les muscles qui adaptent leurs réponses en optimisant leur coordination, clé des performances. Et tous ces processus s'analysent en termes de molécules et de mécanismes biochimiques qu'il faut comprendre pour définir ensuite les conditions optimum de l'entraînement des sportifs, les excès à éviter, traquer les mauvaises pratiques du dopage. Dans un domaine différent, la chimie des matériaux n'est pas moins importante pour l'activité sportive. C'est l'expérience de tous : les progrès des vêtements spécifiques, du matériel (skis,raquettes de tennis, revêtements de sols) ont transformé la pratique du sport – pour le plus grand bénéfice des records, mais aussi du praticien amateur. Les retombées de ces progrès techniques sur les objets de notre vie quotidienne, comme sur la mode ou sur l'amélioration de nos voitures grâce à la F1, sont bien connues. Loin de n'être qu'une activité ludique, facteur du bien-être physique et mental, le sport est un véritable révélateur de la quête du « toujours mieux » qui caractérise l'humanité. L'analyse de la progression des performances sur la longue durée montre de façon impressionnante la symbiose entre deux approches a priori si distinctes : progression régulière par une meilleure maitrise du corps, progrès discontinus par les innovations technologiques. Dans les deux domaines, c'est la chimie qu'il faut convoquer ; on ne s'étonnera donc pas que le sportif qui s'attache à déborder des limites « naturelles » rencontre la chimie dont c'est aussi l'objectif constant. Feuilletez l'ouvrage ici! Découvrez le dossier'Carte Blanche'd'un des auteurs (Jean-Luc Veuthey).

Cover 1 Title 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Prologue 10 Introduction 14 Part I: The Vicarious Act 22 Chapter 1. The Brain as a Problem-Solver 24 Chapter 2. Perceiving and Acting 33 Chapter 3. The Personal Body, Self, and Identity 62 Chapter 4. Vicariance and Changing Perspective 80 Part II: Ontogenesis and Plasticity 102 Chapter 5. The Stages of Vicariance 104 Chapter 6. Vicariance and Brain Plasticity 113 Part III: Vicariance and Sharing Emotions 122 Chapter 7. Sympathy and Empathy 124 Chapter 8. Vicarious Emotions 135 Part IV: Education 140 9. Vicarious Learning 142 Epilogue 158 Notes 180 Acknowledgments 212 Index 214

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Symposium on Limbic and Association Cortical Systems held in Japan between 7 and 12 October 2002. One of the goals of neuroscience is to understand the neural mechanisms of the human mind. Cognition and emotion are key factors to approach the problem of the mind; the limbic system and association cortices are crucial brain areas implicated in these mental processes. It is intended to fulfill the need for a broad compendium of the most recent empirical and theoretical advances in the field of cognition and emotion, especially focusing on the roles of the limbic and association cortical systems.

<p>Though many philosophers of mind have taken an interest in the great developments in the brain sciences, the interest is seldom reciprocated by scientists, who frequently ignore the contributions philosophers have made to our understanding of the mind and brain.</p> <p>In a rare collaboration, a world famous brain scientist and an eminent philosopher have joined forces in an effort to understand how our brain interacts with the world. Does the brain behave as a calculator, combining sensory data before deciding how to act? Or does it behave as an emulator endowed with innate models of the world, which it corrects according to the results of experiences obtained by the senses? The two authors come from very different backgrounds - the philosopher Jean-Luc Petit belongs to the philosophical tradition of Husserlian phenomenology. Alain Berthoz has long been interested in the physiology of action (movement, posture, decision-making, perception, etc.).</p> <p>Drawing on cutting-edge research from the cognitive sciences, the authors have produced a highly original volume showing how phenomenology and physiology can interact to further our understanding of the brain and the mind.</p>

xxv, 386 p. : 27 cm Bibliography: p. [345]-375 Includes index

<p>The Animals to Animats Conference brings together researchers from ethology, psychology, ecology, artificial intelligence, artificial life, robotics,engineering, and related fields to further understanding of the behaviors and underlying mechanisms that allow natural and synthetic agents (animats) to adapt and survive in uncertain environments. The work presented focuses on well-defined models-robotic, computer-simulation, and mathematical-that help to characterize and compare various organizational principles or architectures underlying adaptive behavior in both natural animals and animats.</p>

Editors, Taketoshi Ono ... [et Al.]. Accompanying Cd-rom Contains The Electronic Version Of The Text, As Well As Colour Figures And A Video-clip. Selected Conference Papers. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. System Requirements: Cd-rom Drive.

<p>Though many philosophers of mind have taken an interest in the great developments in the brain sciences, the interest is seldom reciprocated by scientists, who frequently ignore the contributions philosophers have made to our understanding of the mind and brain.</p> <p>In a rare collaboration, a world famous brain scientist and an eminent philosopher have joined forces in an effort to understand how our brain interacts with the world. Does the brain behave as a calculator, combining sensory data before deciding how to act? Or does it behave as an emulator endowed with innate models of the world, which it corrects according to the results of experiences obtained by the senses? The two authors come from very different backgrounds - the philosopher Jean-Luc Petit belongs to the philosophical tradition of Husserlian phenomenology. Alain Berthoz has long been interested in the physiology of action (movement, posture, decision-making, perception, etc.).</p> <p>Drawing on cutting-edge research from the cognitive sciences, the authors have produced a highly original volume showing how phenomenology and physiology can interact to further our understanding of the brain and the mind.</p>

Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn -- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn -- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey -- Marc Jeannerod Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn -- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey -- Marc Jeannerod -- Nalini Ambady, Mark Hallahan -- SECTION 6. Representations in the world Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn -- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey -- Marc Jeannerod -- Nalini Ambady, Mark Hallahan -- SECTION 6. Representations in the world -- Nigel Holmes Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn -- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey -- Marc Jeannerod -- Nalini Ambady, Mark Hallahan -- SECTION 6. Representations in the world -- Nigel Holmes -- Rhonda Roland Shearer Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen -- PART I. Verbal representation -- SECTION 1. Verbal processes -- Albert M. Galaburda -- Edgar Zurif -- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters -- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry -- SECTION 2. Verbal content -- Pierre Jacob -- François Recanati -- Alfonso Caramazza -- Barbara J. Grosz -- SECTION 3. Verbal variants -- Catherine E. Snow -- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler -- Stanislas Dehaene -- PART II. Nonverbal representation -- SECTION 4. Perception and language -- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio -- Michel Denis -- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi -- Elizabeth S. Spelke -- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations -- Stephen M. Kosslyn -- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey -- Marc Jeannerod -- Nalini Ambady, Mark Hallahan -- SECTION 6. Representations in the world -- Nigel Holmes -- Rhonda Roland Shearer -- Gerald Zaltman Albert M. Galaburda, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Yves Christen-- PART I. Verbal representation-- SECTION 1. Verbal processes-- Albert M. Galaburda-- Edgar Zurif-- David Caplan, Nathaniel Alpert, Gloria Waters-- Jean-François Démonet, Guillaume Thierry-- SECTION 2. Verbal content-- Pierre Jacob-- François Recanati-- Alfonso Caramazza-- Barbara J. Grosz-- SECTION 3. Verbal variants-- Catherine E. Snow-- Franck Ramus, Jacques Mehler-- Stanislas Dehaene-- PART II. Nonverbal representation-- SECTION 4. Perception and language-- Bernard Mazoyer, Emmanuel Mellet, Nathalie Tzourio-- Michel Denis-- Denis Le Bihan, Isabelle Klein, Michiko Dohi-- Elizabeth S. Spelke-- SECTION 5. Visual and motor represntations-- Stephen M. Kosslyn-- Alain Berthoz, Isabelle Viaud-Delmon, Simon Lambrey-- Marc Jeannerod-- Nalini Ambady, Mark Hallahan-- SECTION 6. Representations in the world-- Nigel Holmes-- Rhonda Roland Shearer-- Gerald Zaltman-- Jean-Pierre Changeux

The relationship between perception and action constitutes one of the most interesting aspects of brain function. This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to studying the problems of manipulation, orienting, and navigating in humans and animals. Its premise is that control of movement is based on a configuration of several sensory cues, all providing input. It will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, and advanced students in neuroscience, psychology, and neurology.

Groping around a familiar room in the dark, relearning to read after a brain injury, navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar: all are expressions of vicariance--when the brain substitutes one process or function for another. Alain Berthoz shows that this capacity allows humans to think creatively in an increasingly complex world.-- Provided by publisher

<p>The head carries most of the sensory systems that enable us to function effectively in our three-dimensional habitat. Without adequate head movement control, efficient spatial orientation and motor responses to visual and auditory stimuli could not be carried out. This is the most comprehensive and up-to-date account of the control of vertebrate head movements and its biomechanical and neural basis. It covers the entire spectrum of research on head-neck movements, ranging from the global description and analysis of a particular behavior to its underlying mechanisms at the level of neurotransmitter release and membrane biophysics. Physiological and anatomical aspects are stressed. The role of head movements in upright stance and other functional contexts within the vertebrate hierarchy is juxtaposed with the mechanisms of orienting behavior in a number of invertebrates. This reveals a plethora of solutions among different animal species for the problem of orientation in three-dimensional space. Although head movement control in humans figures prominently in this volume, the anatomical-physiological comparisons show that the human system is not unique. The conference from which this volume originated surveyed current research and theory on motor control mechanisms in the head-neck sensory-motor system. It was held in Fontainbleau, France on July 17-24, 1989. The book provides a broad panorama of methodological and theoretical approaches to the field of head movement control.</p>

This Text Takes A Multidisciplinary Approach To Studying The Problems Of Manipulation, Orienting And Navigating In Humans And Animals. Its Premise Is That Control Of Movement Is Based On A Configuration Of Several Sensory Cues, All Providing Input. It Has Clinical And Engineering Applications. 1. Neuronal Control Of Eye Movements / Volker Henn -- 2. Representation Of Eye Position In Three Dimensions / John Van Opstal -- 3. Three-dimensional Anisotropy Of Vestibulo-ocular Reflex In Rhesus Monkeys / Dominik Straumann, Quing Yue, Naomi Kawachi And Volker Henn -- 4. Otolith Contribution To Gaze Stabilization / Bernhard Hess And Dora Angelaki -- 5. Role Of The Accessory Optic System For Sensorimotor Integration. The Problem Of Reference Frames / Claudio Maioli And Tohru Ohgaki -- 6. Role Of The Pretectum And Accessory Optic System In Pursuit Eye Movements Of The Monkey / Klaus-peter Hoffmann And Uwe Ilg -- 7. Convergence Of Sensory Inputs On Cortical Area Msti During Smooth Pursuit / Peter Thier And Roger G. Erickson -- 8. Orienting Gaze: A Brief Survey / Andre Roucoux And Marc Crommelinck -- 9. Behavioural Aspects Of Cats' Saccades / Marcus Missal, Marc Crommelinck And Andre Roucoux. 10. Saccade-vor Interaction In Orienting Gaze / Ignace Bottemanne, Philippe Lefevre, Marc Crommelinck And Andre Roucoux -- 11. Parallel Architectures Of The Basal Ganglia-collicular Relationships / Gilles Chevalier And Jean-michel Deniau -- 12. Control Of Gaze By Tectal And Reticular Projection Neurones / Alexej Grantyn, Alain Berthoz, Etienne Olivier And Mireille Chat -- 13. Feedback In Collicular Control Of Eye And Head Movements / Olivier Hardy, Jacques Mirenowicz And Jocelyne Corvisier -- 14. Models Of The Gaze Orienting System: A Brief Survey / Jan Van Gisbergen, John Van Opstal, Alain Berthoz And Philippe Lefevre -- 15. A Neural Network Model For Supracollicular Transformations / Jan Van Gisbergen, Karin Krommenhoek And John Van Opstal -- 16. Experimental Test Of Two Models For The Role Of Monkey Superior Colliculus In 3d Saccade Generation / John Van Opstal, Klaus Hepp, Bernhard Hess, Dominik Straumann And Volker Henn. 17. The Dynamic Memory Model And The Control Of Fast Orienting Movements / Jacques Droulez And Alain Berthoz -- 18. A New Eye-head Coordination Model Based On Gaze Velocity Feedback To The Superior Colliculus / Philippe Lefevre -- 19. Muscle Activation Patterns And Joint-angle Coordination In Multijoint Movements / Stan Gielen -- 20. Planning And Control Of Limb Impedance / Francesco Lacquaniti, Mauro Carrozzo And Nunzio Borghese -- 21. Feedback And Feedforward Mechanisms For The Control Of Multijointed Limbs / Francesco Lacquaniti, Mauro Carrozzo And Nunzio Borghese -- 22. Frames Of Reference Used In Goal-directed Arm Movement / Sylvie Vanden Abeele, Marc Crommelinck And Andre Roucoux -- 23. The Role Of Vision In Tuning Anticipatory Motor Responses Of The Limbs / Francesco Lacquaniti, Mauro Carrozzo And Nunzio Borghese -- 24. Issues In Perceptuo-motor Coordination / Paolo Viviani, Natale Stucchi And Gerard Laissard. 25. Forebrain Structures Mediating The Vestibular Contribution During Navigation / Sidney Wiener And Alain Berthoz -- 26. Vestibular Compensation And Its Consequences For Spatial Orientation / Catherine De Waele, Nicole Chapuis, Marielle Krimm, Nicolas Vibert, Alain Berthoz And Pierre-paul Vidal -- 27. Neural Processing Of Stereopsis As A Function Of Viewing Distance / Yves Trotter, Brigitte Stricanne, Simona Celebrini, Simon Thorpe And Michel Imbert -- 28. Application Of The Coherence Scheme To The Multisensory Fusion Problem / Jacques Droulez And Valerie Cornilleau-peres. Editor-in- Chief, Alain Berthoz ; Co-editors, C. Gielen ... [et Al.]. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.

Groping around a familiar room in the dark, relearning to read after a brain injury, navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar: all are expressions of vicariance--when the brain substitutes one process or function for another. Alain Berthoz shows that this capacity allows humans to think creatively in an increasingly complex world.-- Provided by publisher