The Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials. This three-volume encyclopedia comprises approximately uniform 600 entries

The book covers the state-of-the-art treatment in modelling and experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviour of cellular and porous materials. Starting from the continuum mechanical modelling, to the numerical simulation, several important questions related to applications such as the fracture and impact behaviour are covered.

This Encyclopedia covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials. This three-volume encyclopedia comprises approximately uniform 600 entries.

Classical plasticity theory of metals is independent of the hydrostatic pressure. However if the metal contains voids or pores or if the structure is composed of cells, this classical assumption is no more valid and the influence of the hydrostatic pressure must be incorporated in the constitutive description. Looking at the microlevel, metal plasticity is connected with the uniform planes of atoms organized with long-range order. Planes may slip past each other along their close-packed directions. The result is a permanent change of shape within the crystal and plastic deformation. The presence of dislocations increases the likelihood of planes slipping. Nowadays, the theory of pressure sensitive plasticity is successfully applied to many other important classes of materials (polymers, concrete, bones etc.) even if the phenomena on the micro-level are different to classical plasticity of metals. The theoretical background of this phenomenological approach based on observations on the macro-level is described in detail in this monograph and applied to a wide range of different important materials in the last part of this book.</p>

This special anniversary book celebrates the success of this Springer book series highlighting materials modeling as the key to developing new engineering products and applications. In this 100th volume of “Advanced Structured Materials”, international experts showcase the current state of the art and future trends in materials modeling, which is essential in order to fulfill the demanding requirements of next-generation engineering tasks.

This volume highlights the latest developments and trends in advanced materials and their properties, the modeling and simulation of non-classical materials and structures, and new technologies for joining materials. It presents the developments of advanced materials and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior. Erscheinungsdatum: 05.01.2012

The book covers the state-of-the-art treatment in modelling and experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviour of cellular and porous materials. Starting from the continuum mechanical modelling, to the numerical simulation, several important questions related to applications such as the fracture and impact behaviour are covered.

This book gives an update on recent developments in different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering, focusing on modern engineering design applications. These disciplines provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g., automotive), this is connected to the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfill such requirements is lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interactionof classical engineering with the health, medical and environmental sector. The chapters are selected contributions of the Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting conference, held in July 2022 in Florence, Italy.

This monograph presents the latest results related to bio-mechanical systems and materials. The bio-mechanical systems with which this book is concerned are prostheses, implants, medical operation robots and muscular re-training systems. To characterize and design such systems, a multi-disciplinary approach is required which involves the classical disciplines of mechanical/materials engineering and biology and medicine. The challenge in such an approach is that views, concepts or even language are sometimes different from discipline to discipline and the interaction and communication of the scientists must be first developed and adjusted. Within the context of materials' science, the book covers the interaction of materials with mechanical systems, their description as a mechanical system or their mechanical properties.

This Encyclopedia covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials. This three-volume encyclopedia comprises approximately uniform 600 entries.

"This book offers a snapshot of recent developments in improving the properties and performance of engineering materials and structures. It discusses modeling properties related to classical mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical fields as well as those related to surface-specific quantities (e.g. roughness, wear and modifications due to surface coatings). The material types presented range from classical metals and synthetic materials to composites. Competitiveness due to cost efficiency (e.g. lighter structures and the corresponding fuel savings for transportation systems) and sustainability (e.g. recyclability or reusability) are the driving factors for engineering developments. The outcomes of these efforts are difficult to be accurately monitored due to the ongoing evaluation cycles."

Common engineering materials reach in many demanding applications such as automotive or aerospace their limits and new developments are required to ful ll increasing demands on performance and characteristics. The properties of ma- rials can be increased for example by combining different materials to achieve better properties than a single constituent or by shaping the material or c- stituents in a speci c structure. Many of these new materials reveal a much more complex behavior than traditional engineering materials due to their advanced str- ture or composition. Furthermore, the classical applications of many engineering materials are extended to new ranges of applications and to more demanding en- ronmental conditions such as elevated temperatures. All these tendencies require in addition to the synthesis of new materials, proper methods for their m- ufacturing and extensive programs for their characterization. In many elds of application, the development of new methods and processes must be acc- plished by accurate and reliable modeling and simulation techniques. Only the interaction between these new developments with regards to manufacturing, m- eling, characterization, further processing and monitoring of materials will allow to meet all demands and to introduce these developments in safety-relevant applications. The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, ACE-X 2009, was held in Rome, Italy, from 22 to 23 June 2009 with a strong focus on the above mentioned developments. Erscheinungsdatum: 22.09.2010

The book covers the state-of-the-art treatment in modelling and experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviour of cellular and porous materials. Starting from the continuum mechanical modelling, to the numerical simulation, several important questions related to applications such as the fracture and impact behaviour are covered.

"Classical plasticity theory of metals is independent of the hydrostatic pressure. However, if the metal contains voids or pores or if the structure is composed of cells, this classical assumption is no more valid and the influence of the hydrostatic pressure must be incorporated in the constitutive description. Looking at the microlevel, metal plasticity is connected with the uniform planes of atoms organized with long-range order. Planes may slip past each other along their close-packed directions. The result is a permanent change of shape within the crystal and plastic deformation. The presence of dislocations increases the likelihood of planes slipping. Nowadays, the theory of pressure sensitive plasticity is successfully applied to many other important classes of materials (polymers, concrete, bones etc.) even if the phenomena on the micro-level are different to classical plasticity of metals. The theoretical background of this phenomenological approach based on observations on the macro-level is described in detail in this monograph and applied to a wide range of different important materials in the last part of this book."

Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics......Page 2 Preface......Page 5 Biographies of Scientists......Page 7 Composites......Page 8 Fractional Calculus in Continuum Mechanics......Page 9 Lightweight Structures......Page 10 Plane Problems......Page 11 Shells......Page 12 Variational Principles......Page 13 About the Editors......Page 14 About the Section Editors......Page 16 List of Contributors......Page 28 Motivation......Page 47 Transmission Loss......Page 48 Placement of Actuators and Sensors......Page 49 Active Windshield of a Passenger Car......Page 50 Active Fuselage Panels......Page 53 Active Aircraft Sidewall Panels......Page 57 Definition......Page 59 Distributed Collocated Control......Page 60 Active Vibration Isolation......Page 61 Semi-active Vibration Control......Page 64 Nonlinear Mechanisms......Page 65 Cross-References......Page 67 Adaptive Structures......Page 68 Application Target......Page 69 Components of Adaptive Structures......Page 70 Sensors......Page 71 Controllers......Page 72 Active Vibration Isolation......Page 74 Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC)......Page 76 Design Principles......Page 77 Impedance Matching......Page 78 Aero, Eron Lyuttovich......Page 79 Scientific Results......Page 80 Airy, George Biddell......Page 81 Ambartsumian, Sergey (Aleksandr)......Page 82 Scientific Achievements......Page 83 References......Page 84 Introduction......Page 85 Problem Statement......Page 86 Numerical Solution Algorithm......Page 89 J-Integral......Page 90 A Square Plate with a Central Crack......Page 91 A Rectangular Plate with an Edge Crack......Page 92 References......Page 95 Definition......Page 96 Introduction......Page 97 Ballistic Impact and Perforation Mechanics......Page 98 Structural Models......Page 99 Monolithic Targets......Page 101 In-Contact Multilayered Targets......Page 102 Case Study: An In-Contact Metallic Three-Layered Target......Page 103 Perforation by Petalling......Page 105 References......Page 107 Stability Criteria and Post-buckling Behavior......Page 108 General Concept of Static Analytic Stability Considerations......Page 109 Beams......Page 111 Plates......Page 113 Cylindrical Shells......Page 114 Definition......Page 118 Voigt's Notation for Anisotropic, Linear Elastic Material......Page 119 Special Kinds of Anisotropy......Page 120 Plate Problems......Page 121 Laminate Theories......Page 122 Anisotropic Refined Plate Theories......Page 123 Anisotropic Bending Problems......Page 124 Introduction......Page 125 Invariants......Page 126 Multiaxial Stress State......Page 127 Isotropic Yield Conditions......Page 128 Quadratic Formulations......Page 129 Non-quadratic Approaches......Page 130 Yield Function......Page 131 Anisotropy Coefficient Tensors......Page 132 Uniaxial Tension Test......Page 133 Plane Strain Tension Test......Page 134 Biaxial Tensile Test Using a Cruciform Specimen......Page 135 Combined Biaxial Tension-Compression Test......Page 137 Multiaxial Tube Expansion Test......Page 138 Combined Tension-Shear Test......Page 139 Application to Steel......Page 140 Application to Aluminum Alloy......Page 142 Concluding Remarks......Page 143 References......Page 144 Definition......Page 146 Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle for the Case of Isotropic Materials......Page 147 Generalized Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle for the Case of Anisotropic Materials......Page 149 The Generalized Correspondence Principle Applied to the Case of Fiber-Reinforced Composites......Page 151 Introduction......Page 153 Boundary Conditions Within the Surface Elasticity......Page 154 Conclusions......Page 155 Definition......Page 156 Analytical Classical Mechanics and Applied Physics-Based Modeling, Its Role, and Significance......Page 157 Analytical vs. FEA Modeling......Page 159 Interfacial Thermal Stresses Concentrate at the Assembly Ends......Page 161 Incentive for Using Low-Modulus and/or Low-Yield-Stress Bonding Materials......Page 162 References......Page 163 Professional Career......Page 166 Arutyunyan, Nagush Khachaturovich......Page 167 Professional Carrier......Page 168 Scientific Achievements......Page 169 References......Page 170 Definition......Page 171 Avalanches in Solids......Page 172 Some Open Questions in the Field......Page 174 Comparison of Model Predictions for the Avalanche Statistics and Dynamics to Recent High-Resolution Experiments on Bulk Metallic Glasses......Page 176 On the Proper Determination of Power-Law Exponents for Slip Statistics Using Experimental Data from Bulk Metallic Glasses......Page 179 References......Page 187 Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM)......Page 188 Background......Page 189 Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF)......Page 192 Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM) and Best Theory Diagram (BTD)......Page 194 Influence of Primary Variables vs Characteristic Parameters......Page 195 Reduced Models Providing Quasi-3D Accuracy......Page 197 Best Theory Diagrams......Page 198 Conclusions......Page 200 References......Page 201 Bauschinger, Johann......Page 202 References......Page 203 Kinematics......Page 204 Equilibrium Conditions......Page 205 Equilibrium Conditions......Page 206 Stress Distribution......Page 207 Kinematics......Page 208 Stress Distribution......Page 209 References......Page 210 Professional Carrier......Page 211 Professional Carrier and Achievments......Page 212 Early Years and Education......Page 213 Bifurcation of Nanolayers with Direct Current......Page 214 Biological Tissues......Page 215 Bolotin's Contributions......Page 216 Bolotin's Books......Page 218 Bone Adaption......Page 219 Governing Equations......Page 220 Boundary Integral Representation and Equations......Page 221 Beam-Type Composite Laminates......Page 222 Boundary Integral Representation and Equations......Page 224 Numerical Solution......Page 225 Cross-References......Page 226 Introduction......Page 227 Derivation......Page 228 Discretization......Page 232 Modelling Crack Problems......Page 233 Plates and Shells......Page 234 Elastoplasticity......Page 235 Elastodynamics......Page 236 Summary......Page 237 Boundary Integral Equations and Solution for Composite Laminates......Page 238 Preliminary Remarks......Page 239 Problem Formulation and Governing Equations......Page 240 Pressing of a Rigid Washer into a Circular Opening of an Elastic Plate......Page 247 Pressing of a Rigid Circular Washer into an Opening in a Lateral Surface of an Elastic Shallow Cylindrical Shell......Page 251 References......Page 255 Scientific Achievements and Professional Career......Page 256 Introduction......Page 257 Differential Equations Governing Buckling of Composite Plates and Shells......Page 258 Levels of Discretization Complexity and Stages of Nonlinearity Analysis......Page 261 Basic Shell Buckling and Postbuckling Analyses......Page 262 Design Aspects......Page 265 Conclusions......Page 266 Definition......Page 267 Overview......Page 268 An Elastic Spring Resting on an Elastic Hinge......Page 269 First and Second Gradients of Strain......Page 270 Fundamental Branch of Solution......Page 271 Linearized Equilibrium......Page 272 Analysis of the Small η Limit......Page 273 Linear Buckling Analysis of Plates......Page 274 Fundamental Branch of Solutions......Page 275 Asymptotic Form of the Linearized Bifurcation Problem for Small Aspect Ratio......Page 276 Post-buckling Analysis of the Discrete Elastica......Page 277 Set of Formal Rules for the Expansion Method......Page 278 Linear Bifurcation Analysis......Page 279 Weakly Non-linear Expansion......Page 280 Budiansky, Bernard......Page 282 Scientific Contributions......Page 283 Recognition......Page 285 References......Page 286 Scientific Achievements and Honors......Page 287 Professional Carrier......Page 288 References......Page 290 Early Years and Education......Page 292 Definition......Page 293 Mechanical Properties......Page 294 Thermal Properties......Page 296 Hybrid-Nanotubes......Page 297 Defects in Carbon Nanotubes......Page 298 Continuum Models......Page 299 Cross-References......Page 300 References......Page 301 Biographical Information, Education, and Academic Career......Page 302 Scientific Accomplishments......Page 304 References......Page 306 Education......Page 307 Cavitation Phenomenon......Page 308 Introduction......Page 309 Diffusion-Controlled and Reaction Rate-Controlled Reaction Fronts Propagations......Page 311 On Tensorial Nature of Chemical Potential and Chemical Affinity......Page 314 Chemical Affinity Tensor and Stress-Affected Reaction Front Kinetics......Page 316 Kinematics......Page 317 Dissipation, Chemical Affinity Tensor, and Front Velocity......Page 319 Invariants of the Chemical Affinity Tensor and Reaction Intensity......Page 321 Cross-References......Page 322 References......Page 323 Chemomechanics......Page 325 Scientific Achievments and Honors......Page 326 Definition......Page 327 Preliminaries......Page 328 Classical and Advanced Kinematic Theories......Page 329 EoM in the Corotating Reference Frame......Page 330 EoM in the Inertial Reference Frame......Page 331 Spinning Structures......Page 332 Rotating Blades......Page 335 Conclusion......Page 338 Definition......Page 339 Backgrounds of Fractional Calculus in Mechanics and Tautochrone Problem......Page 340 Impact Response of a Bernoulli-Euler Beam......Page 342 Determination of the Contact Force......Page 344 Defining the Local Indentation. Approximate Solution......Page 346 Impact Response of a Kirchhoff-Love Plate......Page 348 References......Page 349 Introduction......Page 350 Bending of Thick Plates......Page 351 Bending of Thin Plates......Page 352 Simply Supported, Uniformly Loaded Circular Plates......Page 353 Simply Supported, Circular Plates Loaded at the Center......Page 354 Semi-infinite Plates: Hard Vs. Soft Simple Support......Page 355 Simply Supported Rectangular Plates: Navier Solution......Page 357 References......Page 358 Scientific Achievements and Honors......Page 359 Honors......Page 360 Balance Equations......Page 361 General Principles of the Theory of Materials......Page 362 Internal State Variables......Page 363 Viscous Materials......Page 364 Strain Gradient Theory......Page 365 Micromorphic Theory......Page 366 Theory of Microforces......Page 367 Collision......Page 368 Collision of Two Elastic Spherical Shells......Page 369 The Main Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of the Wave Surface......Page 370 Central Impact of Two Elastic Spherical Shells......Page 372 Solution in the Case of the Collision of Two Identical Spherical Shells......Page 373 Central Impact of Two Identical Viscoelastic Spherical Shells......Page 374 Conclusion......Page 376 Composites......Page 377 Nonlinear Elastodynamics......Page 378 Discretization in Space......Page 379 Discretization in Time......Page 380 Schemes for First-Order ODEs......Page 381 Energy-Momentum Schemes......Page 382 Balance of Angular Momentum......Page 383 Balance of Energy......Page 384 Midpoint-Based EM Scheme......Page 385 Conclusions......Page 387 Definition......Page 388 Overview......Page 389 Gradient Continuum......Page 390 Mixed Variational Principle......Page 391 Regularized Mixed Variational Principle......Page 392 Constitutive Modelling......Page 393 Computational Aspects......Page 394 Higher-Order Continuous Discretization......Page 395 Discretization of the Variational Principles......Page 396 Gradient Continuum......Page 397 Micromorphic Continuum......Page 398 References......Page 400 The Mathematical Model......Page 401 The Numerical Model......Page 407 Relevant Applications......Page 410 References......Page 414 Synonyms......Page 415 Background......Page 416 Mathematical Modeling......Page 417 Numerical Approximation......Page 418 Mathematical Modeling......Page 420 Conclusions......Page 421 References......Page 422 Driving Force......Page 423 Kinematics......Page 424 Kinetics......Page 426 Constitutive Modeling of Beams Using MSG......Page 427 Mechanics of Structure Genome......Page 428 References......Page 431 Contact Problem......Page 432 Continuum Rod Network of the Atomic Bond Structure......Page 433 Contact Problem of a Graphene Monolayer......Page 437 Cauchy-Borne Rules......Page 438 Concluding Remarks......Page 441 Synonyms......Page 442 Damage Variables......Page 443 Undamaged Configurations......Page 444 Damaged Configurations......Page 445 Numerical Simulations on the Microscale......Page 447 Biaxial Experiments......Page 448 Conclusions......Page 449 Overview......Page 450 Notation......Page 451 List of Symbols......Page 452 Introduction......Page 453 I.2. Fractional-Differential Approach (FD-Approach)......Page 454 II.1. Fractional-Integral Approach (FI-Approach)......Page 455 II.2. Fractional Space Approach (FS-Approach)......Page 456 II.3. Non-integer Dimensional Space Approach (NIDS-Approach)......Page 457 References......Page 458 Definition......Page 460 Introduction......Page 461 Arterial Mechanics and Mechanobiology......Page 462 Approaches to Model Growth and Remodeling......Page 463 A Constrained Mixture Framework......Page 464 Illustrative Constitutive Relations for Arterial Growth and Remodeling......Page 467 Cross-References......Page 470 Introduction......Page 471 Basics......Page 472 Continuum Mechanics with Violations of the Second Law......Page 474 Basic Framework......Page 476 Random Fields......Page 478 References......Page 479 Coordinate-Independent Quantities......Page 480 Continuum Mechanics of Cosserat Media......Page 481 Kinematics......Page 482 Stress Concept......Page 484 Balance Relations......Page 485 Cosserat Material Theory......Page 486 Isotropic, Geometrically Linear, Isothermal Cosserat Solid......Page 487 Cosserat Elastoplasticity......Page 488 Computational Regularization......Page 490 References......Page 491 Eugène Cosserat......Page 492 François Cosserat......Page 493 Scientific Joint Works of Eugène and François Cosserat......Page 494 Group Theory......Page 495 References......Page 496 Professional Carrier......Page 497 Introduction......Page 498 Basic Quantities......Page 499 Balance Relations......Page 500 The Intervertebral Disc as a Binary Tissue of a Solid Skeleton and a Single Pore Fluid......Page 504 Swelling Tissue as a Biphasic, Four-Component Aggregate......Page 506 Ternary, Four-Component Aggregate for Vascularized Tissue Subjected to Drug Delivery......Page 507 References......Page 509 Crandall, Stephen Harry......Page 510 Education, Professional, and Scientific Career......Page 511 Awards......Page 512 References......Page 513 Definition......Page 514 Crash Tests and Regulations......Page 515 Crash Energy Metrics......Page 517 Peak Force......Page 518 Stroke Efficiency......Page 519 Head Injury Criterion......Page 520 Crashworthiness of Structural Systems......Page 521 Behavior of Metallic Impact-Absorbing Members......Page 522 Crashworthiness of Composites and Structural Foams......Page 525 Computational Simulation of Structural Crashworthiness......Page 527 Material Modelling......Page 528 Element Choice......Page 529 References......Page 530 Definition......Page 531 Overview......Page 532 Near 0 K Thermodynamic Instability......Page 533 Discontinuous Plastic Flow (DPF)......Page 535 Physical Background of Low Temperature Creep......Page 537 Experimental Setup......Page 538 LT Creep in Stainless Steels......Page 539 Modeling of Low Temperature Creep......Page 540 References......Page 543 Introduction......Page 544 Theoretical Analysis of Creep Damage......Page 545 Creep Results of Pure Copper......Page 548 Creep Results of 2017 Aluminum Alloy......Page 549 New Trends in Creep Damage Analysis: Interdisciplinary Approach......Page 550 References......Page 552 Thermal Stress and Damages......Page 553 The Damage Summation Method......Page 556 Frequency-Modified Method......Page 557 Others......Page 558 Background of Creep-Fatigue Interaction: Interpretation Based on Exploration of Crack Growth Process......Page 559 Definition......Page 562 Fundamentals of Designing Properties of Modern Materials......Page 563 Creep in Modern Metallic Materials......Page 567 Examples of Possibilities to Control Properties of Advanced Metallic Materials......Page 569 Consequences of a Material Creep During Operation: Example......Page 571 Definition......Page 573 Large Creep Deformations of Rotating Bar......Page 574 Large Creep Deformations of Rotating Disk......Page 576 Large Creep Deformations of Axially Symmetric Thin-Walled Shells in Membrane State......Page 579 References......Page 582 Creep-Fatigue Interaction......Page 583 Cyber-Physical Systems......Page 584 Introduction and Motivation......Page 585 Models for Intra-ply Damage and Failure Mechanisms in Composite Laminates......Page 586 Models for Delamination......Page 588 Continuum Damage Mechanics for Composites......Page 589 Stiffness Degradation and Damage Evolution for MDF......Page 590 Stiffness Degradation and Damage Evolution for FF......Page 591 Extensions of UD-Ply Models......Page 592 References......Page 593 Introduction......Page 595 Collagen and Its Organization Determine High-Strain Vessel Wall Properties......Page 596 Modeling Irreversible Properties of Collagen Fibers......Page 598 Traction-Separation Law (TSL) Defines Failure Properties......Page 600 Discontinuities Embedded in the Finite Element......Page 601 Variational Formulation......Page 602 Conclusions......Page 603 References......Page 604 Introduction......Page 606 Classical Continuum Damage Mechanics at Large Strains......Page 609 Continuum Damage Mechanics Modeling of Soft Tissues......Page 610 Pseudo-Elastic Approach......Page 613 Gradient Damage......Page 615 Relaxed Incremental Variational Formulation......Page 616 References......Page 619 Damping Features of Which Are Modelled by Fractional Operators......Page 620 Projection Tensors of Discontinuous Damage Deactivation......Page 621 Uniaxial State of Stress and Scalar Damage......Page 622 Triaxial State of Stress and Isotropic Damage......Page 624 Triaxial State of Stress and Orthotropic Damage......Page 628 Decline and Collapse of the Vessel Wall......Page 629 Introduction......Page 630 Vacant Sites......Page 631 Stone-Wales Defect......Page 634 Chemical Doping......Page 635 Structurally Modified Carbon Nanotubes......Page 637 Summary and Concluding Remarks......Page 639 References......Page 641 Definition......Page 643 Curvilinear Coordinates......Page 644 The First Differential dr......Page 645 Derivatives of a Vector Function......Page 646 Derivative Operations for a Tensor Field......Page 649 Equation Recap......Page 651 Professional Career......Page 653 Analytical Modeling in the Design-for-Reliability of Electronic Systems......Page 654 Thermally and Lattice Mismatch-Induced Stresses......Page 655 Could a Static Load Be More Damaging Than a Dynamic One?......Page 656 Closed-Form Solution for Highly Nonlinear Vibrations......Page 657 When Could a Short Impact Load Be Substituted with an Instantaneous Impulse?......Page 658 Larger Standoff Heights Could Relieve Stress in Solder Joint Interconnections......Page 659 Incentive for Pre-stressing Accelerated Test Specimens......Page 660 Thinner and Longer Legs Relieve Stress in a Thermoelectric Module......Page 661 References......Page 662 Direct an Inverse Problem in Electromagnetic Casting......Page 664 Equilibrium of Plates......Page 665 Contact Forces and Moments: Stress-Resultants and Stress-Couples......Page 666 Equilibrium Equations......Page 667 The Thick Plate Model......Page 668 Stress–Strain and Strain–Displacement Relations......Page 669 Physical Meaning of the Lagrange Multipliers......Page 670 Physical Meaning of the Lagrange Multipliers......Page 671 References......Page 672 Introduction......Page 673 Outline of the Method......Page 674 Role in Relaxation Theory......Page 676 A Model-Case Application in 1D Nonlinear Elasticity......Page 677 References......Page 678 Definition......Page 679 Problem Formulation......Page 680 Tresca Yield Condition......Page 682 Maximal Reduced Stress Yield Condition......Page 683 An Irrotational Plane Wave......Page 684 Synonyms......Page 686 Introduction......Page 687 Basic Designations and Assumptions......Page 688 General Equations......Page 689 The First Thermal Approximation......Page 690 The Second Thermal Approximation......Page 691 Kinetic Temperature......Page 692 The First Thermal Approximation......Page 693 The Second Thermal Approximation......Page 694 General Equations......Page 695 The First Thermal Approximation......Page 697 Nonlocal Temperature......Page 699 Heat Impact......Page 700 Cross-References......Page 701 References......Page 702 Definition......Page 703 Introduction......Page 704 Molecular Dynamics......Page 706 Discrete Element Method (DEM)......Page 707 The Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM)......Page 708 Contact Detection......Page 710 Fluid-Particle Interaction......Page 711 Toward Physics of Discontinua......Page 713 Discrete Element Method; Distinct Element Method......Page 715 Background......Page 716 Strain Gradient Elasticity......Page 717 Classical Solution......Page 719 Gradient Solution......Page 720 Classical Solution......Page 721 Gradient Solution......Page 722 Conclusions......Page 724 References......Page 725 Dispersion of Waves......Page 726 A Statement of the Coupled Problem of Hyperbolic Thermoelasticity......Page 727 The Dispersion Relations of Coupled Thermoelasticity in the Form of an Exponential Function Decreasing with Time......Page 728 The Dispersion Relations of Coupled Thermoelasticity in the Form of an Exponential Function Decreasing with the Space Coordinate......Page 730 References......Page 733 Professional Career......Page 734 Definition......Page 735 Backgrounds and Some Historical Remarks......Page 736 Procedure for Defining the Correctness of Engineering Approaches......Page 738 Velocities of Transient Waves in Thin-Walled Beams of Open Section Due to the Korbut-Lazarev Theory and Its Generalizations......Page 739 Velocities of Transient Waves in Thin-Walled Beams of Open Section Due to the Vlasov Theory and Its Modifications......Page 742 References......Page 745 Synonyms......Page 746 Classical Formulation of the Problem......Page 747 Variational Formulation of the Problem Without Contact Conditions......Page 749 Nonsmooth Functionals for Unilateral Contact Conditions with Friction......Page 752 Variational Formulation of the Problem with Contact and Friction......Page 755 Dual Variational Formulation and Uzawa's Optimization Algorithm......Page 757 Definition......Page 759 Introduction......Page 760 Statement of the Problem......Page 761 Statement of the Problem......Page 764 Integral Equations and Fundamental Solutions......Page 766 Numerical Results......Page 768 Definition......Page 770 References......Page 774 Dynamics in Low Natural Frequency Range......Page 775 Introduction......Page 776 Effect of Pressure on Molecular Structure of Polymers......Page 777 Effect of Pressure on Polymer Phase Transitions and Its Volume......Page 778 Effect of Pressure on Mechanical Properties of Polymers......Page 780 Time-Pressure Superposition......Page 783 Modeling the Effect of Pressure on Polymers......Page 784 Measurements of the Effect of Pressure and Temperature on the Mechanical Time-Dependent Properties of Solid Polymers......Page 786 References......Page 789 Structure and Classification of Polymers......Page 790 Theory of Linear Viscoelasticity......Page 793 Relaxation Process......Page 795 Material Functions (General Constitutive Description of Viscoelastic Materials)......Page 797 Effect of Temperature on Volume......Page 798 Effect of Temperature on Coefficient of Thermal Expansion......Page 800 Physical Aging......Page 801 Effect of Temperature on Material Functions......Page 802 Time–Temperature Superposition......Page 803 Modeling Effect of Temperature......Page 805 References......Page 808 Definition......Page 809 Microstructural Variables......Page 811 Mechanical Equivalence Hypotheses......Page 814 Damage Effect Functions......Page 815 Total Energy Equivalence Hypothesis Extended to Other Dissipative Phenomena......Page 818 References......Page 822 Definition......Page 823 Continuum Mechanics (Necessary Facts)......Page 824 General Theory of Waves (Necessary Facts)......Page 825 Theory of Elasticity (Necessary Facts)......Page 827 Continuous Elastic Waves......Page 833 Discontinuous Elastic Waves......Page 842 References......Page 843 Definition......Page 844 Theory of Nonlinear Shells with Dislocations and Disclinations......Page 845 Disclinations in a Spherical Shell......Page 848 References......Page 850 Geometry of a Thick Shell......Page 851 Kinematics of a Thick Shell......Page 852 Variational Statement of Elastodynamics for a Thick Shell......Page 853 Construction of Two-Dimensional Shell Models......Page 854 Higher-Order Theory of Shear-Deformable Shells......Page 855 First-Order Shear Deformation Shell Theory......Page 856 Cross-References......Page 858 Introduction......Page 859 Basic Shell Relations......Page 860 Change of Reference Placement......Page 861 Material Symmetry Group......Page 862 Solid Elastic Shells......Page 863 Physically Linear Elastic Shells......Page 864 Synonyms ......Page 865 Notation......Page 866 Resultant Equilibrium Conditions......Page 867 Shell Kinematics......Page 868 Isotropic Elastic Shell Undergoing Small Strains......Page 870 Synonyms......Page 873 Background......Page 874 Strain Gradient Model......Page 875 Microstructure Model Accounting for Microinertia......Page 876 Models with Higher-Order Time Derivatives......Page 877 Notes from History......Page 878 References......Page 879 Electromagnetic Shaping of Molten Metals......Page 880 Education......Page 881 Introduction......Page 882 Equations of Balance in Regular Points of the Mixture......Page 883 Constitutive Equations......Page 884 Lagrange Multipliers......Page 885 Exploitation of the Entropy Inequality......Page 886 ʌ ρα I and Chemical Potentials......Page 887 Summary of Results......Page 888 Simple Mixtures......Page 889 The Laws of Fick and Fourier in the Present Theory......Page 890 Symmetry Relations for Diffusion and Thermal Diffusion......Page 891 First and Second Sound......Page 892 References......Page 893 Introduction......Page 894 Branching of Equilibrium Forms of Ferromagnetic Membranes......Page 895 Branching of Equilibriums of a System of Nanolayers......Page 896 Equivalent Single Layer (ESL)......Page 902 Professional Career......Page 903 References......Page 904 Euclid......Page 905 Education......Page 906 Berlin......Page 907 Analysis......Page 908 Solid Mechanics......Page 909 Explicit Time Integration; Explicit Time Marching, Time Marching, Temporal Discretization......Page 910 Introduction......Page 911 The Level-Set Method......Page 912 Variants of the XFEM......Page 914 Enrichments in Applications......Page 915 Implementation of the XFEM......Page 916 Linear Dependencies and Ill-Conditioning......Page 917 Interface and Boundary Conditions......Page 918 References......Page 919 Eyes Optics......Page 920 Finite Crack......Page 921 Introduction......Page 922 Basic Terminology......Page 923 Least Action Principle......Page 924 Kinetic and Potential Energy......Page 927 Stable and Unstable Equilibrium Configurations......Page 929 Linearization of Lagrange Equations in a Neighborhood of a Stable Equilibrium Configuration......Page 930 Finite Element (FE) Method......Page 932 Introduction......Page 933 The Finite Element Method......Page 934 Meshfree Discretizations......Page 937 Isogeometric Analysis as a New Paradigm......Page 938 References......Page 939 Introduction......Page 940 Governing Equations and Weak Form......Page 941 Finite Element Formulation......Page 943 Remarks on Modeling and Discretization......Page 945 Kinematic Equations......Page 946 Finite Element Formulation......Page 948 Membrane Locking and Methods to Avoid It......Page 949 Benchmarking......Page 950 Governing Equations and Weak Form......Page 951 Remarks on Modeling and Discretization......Page 953 Transverse Shear Locking and Methods to Avoid It......Page 954 Benchmarking......Page 956 Kinematic Equations......Page 957 Remarks on Modeling and Discretization......Page 958 Three-Dimensional and Solid Shell Finite Elements......Page 959 References......Page 960 Nanochannels Flows: Occurrence and Application......Page 962 Nanochannel Fluid Flows Features......Page 963 Fluid-Wall Material Interaction......Page 964 Electrical Phenomena Associated with the Double Electrical Layer......Page 965 Micropolar Fluid Theory......Page 966 Inhomogeneous Fluid Structure......Page 967 Limit Applicability of Continuum Theory......Page 970 The Role of Nanochannel Size......Page 971 Family and Education......Page 974 References......Page 975 Scientific Achievements and Honors......Page 976 Fractal Derivative......Page 977 Mechanical Constitutive Relationship Models......Page 978 Hausdorff Derivative and Fractal Metric......Page 979 Fractal Dashpot and Viscoelastic Models......Page 980 Scaling Transformation......Page 981 Experimenta

The Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials. This three-volume encyclopedia comprises approximately uniform 600 entries

In the present work the investigations concerning the influence of the modification with cerium on the microstructure and properties of the Zn-Al-Cu alloy was shown. The investigations were realized for Zn-Al-Cu samples with approximately 0.1 % Ce in the form of Al-Ce master alloys added. The heat treatment was performed in a resistance furnace with a chamotte-graphite crucible. For the remelting, with cerium as an alloying element, an argon protective atmosphere was used. The treated alloy was cast into the metal casting dies. To determine the influence of the modification on the structure and properties of those alloys, the following investigations were carried out: transmission and scanning microscopy, EDSX-ray analysis, and hardness analysis. The modification of the chemical composition, properly realized, leads to the improvement of mechanical properties of the produced castings. That is why, it is important to recognize the dependencies between the structure of the casts and chemical composition changes connected with the addition of modifiers. Investigations concerning both the optimal chemical composition and production method of Zn-Al-Cu alloys modified by chosen rare-earth metals as well as the improved properties in comparison with traditional alloys and methods contribute to better understanding the mechanisms influencing the improvement of mechanical properties of the new developed alloys.

This book focuses on robust characterization and prediction methods for materials in technical applications as well as the materials’ safety features during operation. In particular, it presents methods for reliably predicting material properties, an aspect that is becoming increasingly important as engineering materials are pushed closer and closer to their limits to boost the performance of machines and structures. To increase their engineering value, components are now designed under the consideration of their multiphysical properties and functions, which requires much more intensive investigation and characterization of these materials. The materials covered in this monograph range from metal-based groups such as lightweight alloys, to advanced high-strength steels and modern titanium alloys. Furthermore, a wide range of polymers and composite materials (e.g. with micro- and nanoparticles or fibres) is covered. The book explores methods for property prediction from classical mechanical characterization-related fields of application, for example, from wear, creep, fatigue and crack growth, to specific surface properties, to dielectric and electrochemical values. As in all fields of modern engineering, the process is often accompanied by numerical simulation and optimization.

The idea of this monograph is to present the latest results related to design and computation of engineering materials and structures. The contributions cover the classical fields of mechanical, civil and materials engineering up to biomechanics and advanced materials processing and optimization. The materials and structures covered can be categorized into modern steels and titanium alloys, composite materials, biological and natural materials, material hybrids and modern joining technologies. Analytical modelling, numerical simulation, the application of state-of-the-art design tools and sophisticated experimental techniques are applied to characterize the performance of materials and to design and optimize structures in different fields of engineering applications.

This volume highlights the latest developments and trends in advanced materials and their properties, the modeling and simulation of non-classical materials and structures, and new technologies for joining materials. It presents the developments of advanced materials and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior.

This collection provides researchers and scientists with advanced analyses and materials design techniques in Biomaterials and presents mechanical studies of biological structures. In 16 contributions well known experts present their research on Stress and Strain Analysis, Material Properties, Fluid and Gas mechanics and they show related problems. Erscheinungsdatum: 05.01.2012

This collection provides researchers and scientists with advanced analyses and materials design techniques in Biomaterials and presents mechanical studies of biological structures. In 16 contributions well known experts present their research on Stress and Strain Analysis, Material Properties, Fluid and Gas mechanics and they show related problems. Erscheinungsdatum: 05.01.2012

This book integrates bioengineering for solving health issues. It shows how the use of applied mechanics and strength of materials using 3D printing models, digital correlation techniques and computed tomography images, provides solutions to biology, medicine and mechanical engineering. The book provides clear processes and illustrations, several worked examples, and many projects. It helps scientists to analyze different modes of applying mechanical and biomedical concepts, physical principles to develop devices, sensors, prosthesis, orthotic systems, new materials and techniques that may improve the health system. It can be used in courses such as biomechanics and orthopedics, rehabilitation and mechanical engineering, also in rehabilitation or sports medicine.

The idea of this monograph is to present the latest results related to design and analysis of materials and engineering structures. The contributions cover the field of mechanical and civil engineering, ranging from automotive to dam design, transmission towers and up to machine design and exmaples taken from oil industry. Well known experts present their research on damage and fracture of material and structures, materials modelling and evaluation up to image processing and visualization for advanced analyses and evaluation Erscheinungsdatum: 06.10.2012

This book is a noteworthy series of works authored by women from diverse research areas and expertise. This book contains research papers from fundamental, experimental, and empirical studies in the fields of mechanical engineering and materials science is included in this book series. Methods for modelling data, structures, and materials using numerical and analytical techniques are described along with experimental data and methodologies.

The book on advanced structured materials is designed to facilitate teaching and informal discussion in a supportive and friendly environment. The book provides a forum for postgraduate students to present their research results and train their presentation and discussion skills. Furthermore, it allows for extensive discussion of current research being conducted in the wider area of advanced structured materials. Doing so, it builds a wider postgraduate community and offers networking opportunities for early career researchers. In addition to focused lectures, the book provides specialized teaching/overview lectures from experienced senior academics. The 2022 Postgraduate Seminar entitled “Advanced Structured Materials: Development - Manufacturing - Characterization – Applications” was held from February 28 th till March 4 th , 2022, in Malta. The book that presented postgraduate lectures had a strong focus on polymer mechanics, composite materials, and additive manufacturing.

This monograph presents the latest results related to bio-mechanical systems and materials. The bio-mechanical systems with which his book is concerned are prostheses, implants, medical operation robots and muscular re-training systems. To characterize and design such systems, a multi-disciplinary approach is required which involves the classical disciplines of mechanical/materials engineering and biology and medicine. The challenge in such an approach is that views, concepts or even language are sometimes different from discipline to discipline and the interaction and communication of the scientists must be first developed and adjusted. Within the context of materials' science, the book covers the interaction of materials with mechanical systems, their description as a mechanical system or their mechanical properties. Erscheinungsdatum: 12.08.2013

This book in the advanced structured materials series provides first an introduction to the mircomechanics of fiber-reinforced laminae, which deals with the prediction of the macroscopic mechanical lamina properties based on the mechanical properties of the constituents, i.e., fibers and matrix. Composite materials, especially fiber-reinforced composites, are gaining increasing importance since they can overcome the limits of many structures based on classical metals. Particularly, the combination of a matrix with fibers provides far better properties than the constituents alone. Despite their importance, many engineering degree programs do not treat the mechanical behavior of this class of advanced structured materials in detail, at least on the bachelor’s degree level. Thus, some engineers are not able to thoroughly apply and introduce these modern engineering materials in their design process. The second part of this book provides a systematic and thorough introduction to the classical laminate theory based on the theory for plane elasticity elements and classical (shear-rigid) plate elements. The focus is on unidirectional lamina which can be described based on orthotropic constitutive equations and their composition to layered laminates. In addition to the elastic behavior, failure is investigated based on the maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, and the Tsai-Wu criteria. The introduced classical laminate theory provides a simplified stress analysis, and a subsequent failure analysis, without the solution of the system of coupled differential equations for the unknown displacements in the three coordinate directions. The book concludes with a short introduction to a calculation program, the so-called Composite Laminate Analysis Tool (CLAT), which allows the application of the classical laminate based on a sophisticated Python script.

This collection provides researchers and scientists with advanced analyses and materials design techniques in Biomaterials and presents mechanical studies of biological structures. In 16 contributions well known experts present their research on Stress and Strain Analysis, Material Properties, Fluid and Gas mechanics and they show related problems.

This book offers an update on recent developments in modern engineering design. Different engineering disciplines, such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering, provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by the interaction between various disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are conducted for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also linked to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), the demand for higher fuel efficiency is related to reduced operational costs and less environmental damage. One way to fulfil such requirements is lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector.

This book presents the latest advances in mechanical and materials engineering applied to the machining, joining and modification of modern engineering materials. The contributions cover the classical fields of casting, forming and injection moulding as representative manufacturing methods, whereas additive manufacturing methods (rapid prototyping and laser sintering) are treated as more innovative and recent technologies that are paving the way for the manufacturing of shapes and features that traditional methods are unable to deliver. The book also explores water jet cutting as an innovative cutting technology that avoids the heat build-up typical of classical mechanical cutting. It introduces readers to laser cutting as an alternative technology for the separation of materials, and to classical bonding and friction stir welding approaches in the context of joining technologies. In many cases, forming and machining technologies require additional post-treatment to achieve the required level of surface quality or to furnish a protective layer. Accordingly, sections on laser treatment, shot peening and the production of protective layers round out the book{u2019}s coverage

This volume gives an overview on recent developments for various applications of modern engineering design. Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfil such requirements are lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector. In this book, many examples of the mentioned design applications are presented.

This collection of recent activities provides researchers and scientists with the latest trends in characterization and developments of composed materials and structures. Here, the expression ‘composed materials’ indicates a wider range than the expression ‘composite material’ which is many times limited to classical fibre reinforced plastics. The idea of composed structures and materials is to join different components in order to obtain in total better properties than one of the single constituents can provide. In this collection, well known experts present their research on composed materials such as textile composites, sandwich plates, hollow sphere structures, reinforced concrete as well as classical fibre reinforced materials. Erscheinungsdatum: 28.08.2012

This book presents the developments in engineering design application. The chapters on mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. They present alternatives with cost reduction and environmental demands. The book content links the interaction of classical engineering with the health, medical and environmental sector.

This Collection Of Recent Activities Provides Researchers And Scientists With The Latest Trends In Characterization And Developments Of Biosystems And Biomaterials. Well Known Experts Present Their Research In Materials For Drug Delivery, Dental Implants And Filling Materials, Biocompatible Membranes, Bioactive Surface Coatings And Bio-compatible And Eco-sustainable Building Materials. In The Book Covers Also Topics Like Microorganisms, The Human Eye, The Musculoskeletal System And Human Body Parts. Edited By Andreas Öchsner, Lucas F. M. Silva, Holm Altenbach.

Common engineering materials reach in many demanding applications such as automotive or aerospace their limits and new developments are required to ful ll increasing demands on performance and characteristics. The properties of ma- rials can be increased for example by combining different materials to achieve better properties than a single constituent or by shaping the material or c- stituents in a speci c structure. Many of these new materials reveal a much more complex behavior than traditional engineering materials due to their advanced str- ture or composition. Furthermore, the classical applications of many engineering materials are extended to new ranges of applications and to more demanding en- ronmental conditions such as elevated temperatures. All these tendencies require in addition to the synthesis of new materials, proper methods for their m- ufacturing and extensive programs for their characterization. In many elds of application, the development of new methods and processes must be acc- plished by accurate and reliable modeling and simulation techniques. Only the interaction between these new developments with regards to manufacturing, m- eling, characterization, further processing and monitoring of materials will allow to meet all demands and to introduce these developments in safety-relevant applications. The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting, ACE-X 2009, was held in Rome, Italy, from 22 to 23 June 2009 with a strong focus on the above mentioned developments. Erscheinungsdatum: 22.09.2010

This book gives an update on recent developments in the mentioned areas of modern engineering design application. Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfil such requirements are lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health, medical, and environmental sectors.

This monograph presents the latest developments and applications of computational tools related to the biosciences and medical engineering. Computational tools such as the finite element methods, computer-aided design and optimization as well as visualization techniques such as computed axial tomography open completely new research fields with a closer joining of the engineering and bio/medical area. Nevertheless, there are still hurdles since both directions are based on quite different ways of education. Often even the “language” is sometimes different from discipline to discipline. This monograph reports the results of different multi-disciplinary research projects, for example, from the areas of scaffolds and synthetic bones, implants and medical devices and medical materials. It is also shown that the application of computational methods often necessitates mathematical and experimental methods. Erscheinungsdatum: 25.06.2015

This book presents a __liber amicorum__ dedicated to Wolfgang H. Müller, and highlights recent advances in Prof. Müller’s major fields of research: continuum mechanics, generalized mechanics, thermodynamics, mechanochemistry, and geomechanics. Over 50 of Prof. Müller’s friends and colleagues contributed to this book, which commemorates his 60th birthday and was published in recognition of his outstanding contributions.

This book presents the latest findings on mechanical and materials engineering as applied to the design of modern engineering materials and components. The contributions cover the classical fields of mechanical, civil and materials engineering, as well as bioengineering and advanced materials processing and optimization. The materials and structures discussed can be categorized into modern steels, aluminium and titanium alloys, polymers/composite materials, biological and natural materials, material hybrids and modern nano-based materials. Analytical modelling, numerical simulation, state-of-the-art design tools and advanced experimental techniques are applied to characterize the materials’ performance and to design and optimize structures in different fields of engineering applications. Erscheinungsdatum: 25.06.2015

This volume highlights the latest developments and trends in advanced materials and their properties, the modeling and simulation of non-classical materials and structures, and new technologies for joining materials. It presents the developments of advanced materials and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior. Erscheinungsdatum: 05.01.2012

This book is a collection of reports (reviewed) selected from several sections of the IEEE Nanomaterials: Application and Properties-2023 conference. The book is devoted to the study of films, coatings, and materials obtained by various methods of preparation and deposition, for example, magnetron sputtering of targets, vacuum arc deposition, electron-plasma processing, sintering of composites, plasma jet deposition, and other methods for obtaining nanomaterials. The chapters and reports describe superhard coatings, spark, and plasma alloying of materials (metals, semiconductors, polymers, ceramics).

This book presents the latest findings on mechanical and materials engineering as applied to the design of modern engineering materials and components. The contributions cover the classical fields of mechanical, civil and materials engineering, as well as bioengineering and advanced materials processing and optimization. The materials and structures discussed can be categorized into modern steels, aluminium and titanium alloys, polymers/composite materials, biological and natural materials, material hybrids and modern nano-based materials. Analytical modelling, numerical simulation, state-of-the-art design tools and advanced experimental techniques are applied to characterize the materials’ performance and to design and optimize structures in different fields of engineering applications. Erscheinungsdatum: 25.06.2015

The mechanical activation was employed to study the phase evolution of the Mg–TiO2–CaHPO4–CaO nanocrystalline system. The powders mixture with certain weight percent was grinded. Thermal annealing process at 650°C, 900°C and 1100°C temperatures resulted in generation of different compounds like MgTiO3/MgO/Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and MgTiO3/MgO/β-TCP and MgTiO3/Mg2TiO4/MgO/β-TCP, respectively. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The consequences of XRD analysis revealed that by increasing temperature, some composites with different morphological and structural features were detected. Beside, due to decomposing of HAp around 800°C, HAp converted to whitlockite (β-TCP) with growth of temperature. According to SEM and TEM observations, it was found that the synthesized powder contained large agglomerates which significant content of finer particles and agglomerates with spherical morphology. Because magnesium titanates based dielectric materials are useful for electrical applications, the electrical property of HAp has been proved, and the incorporation of these materials could result in new nanocrystalline dielectric materials.

This book presents an analysis of eight non-classical problems of fracture and failure mechanics mainly obtained by research in the department of dynamics and stability of continuum of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS of Ukraine). It focusses on the application of the 3D (three-dimensional) theories of stability, dynamics, and statics of solid mechanics to the investigation of non-classical problems of fracture and failure mechanics.

The idea of this monograph is to present the latest results related to design and computation of engineering materials and structures. The contributions cover the classical fields of mechanical, civil and materials engineering up to biomechanics and advanced materials processing and optimization. The materials and structures covered can be categorized into modern steels and titanium alloys, composite materials, biological and natural materials, material hybrids and modern joining technologies. Analytical modelling, numerical simulation, the application of state-of-the-art design tools and sophisticated experimental techniques are applied to characterize the performance of materials and to design and optimize structures in different fields of engineering applications. Erscheinungsdatum: 16.07.2014

The postgraduate seminar series on advanced structured materials is designed to facilitate teaching and informal discussion in a supportive and friendly environment. The seminar provides a forum for postgraduate students to present their research results and train their presentation and discussion skills. Furthermore, it allows for extensive discussion of current research being conducted in the wider area of advanced structured materials. Doing so, it builds a wider postgraduate community and offers networking opportunities for early career researchers. In addition to focused lectures, the seminar provides specialized teaching/overview lectures from experienced senior academics. The 2023 Postgraduate Seminar entitled “Advanced Structured Materials: Development - Manufacturing - Characterization – Applications” was held from 20th till 24th February 2023 in Barcelona. The presented postgraduate lectures had a strong focus on polymer mechanics, composite materials, and additive manufacturing.

Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes.A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive or aerospace), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. A possible way to fulfil such requirements is lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health and medical sector. This further volume in this series gives an update on recent developments in the mentioned areas of modern engineering design application.