Rome and Barbaricum: Contributions to the archaeology and history of interaction in European protohistory asks the following questions: How did the ‘Barbarians’ influence Roman culture? What did ‘Roman-ness’ mean in the context of Empire? What did it mean to be Roman and / or ‘Barbarian’ in different contexts? The papers presented here explore the concepts of Romanisation and of Barbaricum from a multi-disciplinary and comparative standpoint, covering Germania, Dacia, Moesia Inferior, Hispania, and other regions of the Roman Empire. They deal with issues such as conceptual analysis of the term ‘barbarian’, military and administrative organization, inter-cultural and linguistic relations, numismatics, religion, economy, prosopographic investigations, constructing identities; and they present reflections on the theoretical framework for a new model of Romanisation. Table of Contents Foreword What the Romans really meant when using the word ‘Barbarian’. Some thoughts on ‘Romans and Barbarians’ – Alexander Rubel Germany East of the Rhine, 12 BC – AD 16. The first step to becoming a Roman province – Gabriele Rasbach The Gallo-Roman temple ‘Auf dem Spätzrech’ (Schwarzenbach/Saarland) – From a Late La Tène cult place to a Gallo-Roman pilgrim shrine? – Daniel Burger-Völlmecke After the ‘Great War’ (AD 166-180) – A ‘New Deal’ in internal relations within the Central and Northern European Barbaricum? – Hans-Ulrich Voß Inter-cultural and linguistic relations north of the Danube – Iulia Dumitrache, Roxana-Gabriela Curcă Prosopographic notes on Flavius Reginus from Arrubium – Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba Some considerations on the coin finds in the sites of Roman Dacia – Lucian Munteanu Überlegungen zur Romanisierung jenseits des dako-moesischen Limes im Spannungsfeld zwischen Schulbuch, Fachwissenschaft und Politik – Alexandru Popa Constructing identities within the periphery of the Roman Empire: north-west Hispania – Manuela Martins, Cristina Braga, Fernanda Magalhães, Jorge Ribeiro

Experiencing the Frontier and the Frontier of Experience deals with the Roman Empire’s responses to the threats which were caused by the new geostrategic situation brought on by the crisis of the 3rd century AD, induced by the ‘barbarians’ who – often already part of Roman military structures as mercenaries and auxiliaries – became a veritable menace for the Empire. Rome adopted different strategies: they oscillated between inclusion, warfare and other means of exerting influence. The contributions to this volume explore the archaeological evidence for Roman practice and especially the varying strategies of power and influence in the central regions on the one hand, and the south-eastern parts of the European ‘Barbaricum’ on the other. They show how ‘Divide et impera’ functioned as practical policy based on alliances, as well as consequent warfare, and diplomatic initiatives, which are traceable by prestige-goods and subsidia treasures found in the Barbaricum. The comparison of Roman imports in different parts of Iron-Age Europe can help understand better a complex process of shifting power and influence in an emerging new Europe, which transformed the Empire towards medieval ‘Herrschaft’ and social structure. Table of Contents Preface Beyond the Fringes of Empire: New Approaches concerning Roman Influence and Power in the Barbaricum . An introduction – Alexander Rubel and Hans-Ulrich Voß Roman limes in military campaigns of the Barbarians – Krzysztof Narloch Archaeological footprints of a superpower in hostile territory. Recent research on the traces of Roman military activities in the barbarian region north of the Middle Danube – Claus-Michael Hüssen, Balázs Komoróczy, Ján Rajtár, Marek Vlach Friend or Foe? The political relations between inhabitants of the Upper Tisza region and the Roman Empire at the end of the 2nd and the 3rd century AD, in the light of archaeological and historical sources – Jan Bulas The Limes Germanicus Trade and the Roman Army – Dan-Alexandru Suharoschi, Iulia Dumitrache, Roxana-Gabriela Curca Barbarian brooches in Roman context. Analysis of the finds from the frontier marketplace at Porolissum (Romania) – Coriolan Horațiu Opreanu, Sorin Cociș, Vlad-Andrei Lăzărescu Luxury tableware? Terra sigillata in the coastal region of the northern Netherlands – Annet Nieuwhof Septentrional Encounters – Another Revisit to Roman Vessels in Scandinavian sites – Tove Hjørungdal Westerholt ‘An der Mühle’- A Roman Iron Age Site on the North Sea Coast. A preliminary report – Jan F. Kegler Beyond Hadrian’s Wall: Considerations on the Massive Terrets – Luisa Di Pastena Pierced Roman coins from the ‘Free Dacians’ settlement of Roșiori (Municipality of Dulcești, Neamț County, Romania) – Lucian Munteanu, George Dan-Hânceanu Mars on the River Uecker in Western Pomerania – a further indication of a Roman policy of ‘ divide et impera ’ in Germania? – Jens-Peter Schmidt and Hans-Ulrich Voß South-eastern Transylvania during the Late Roman Period (3rd-4th centuries AD) – József Puskás Roman type forts in the Middle Nile valley. Late antique fortlets between patterns of Roman military architechture and local tradition – Mariusz Drzewiecki New Threats or New Friends? The Roman Strategies at the Lower Danube (West of Provincia Dacia ) in the 2nd–3rd Centuries AD – Lavinia Grumeza The Town of (L)Ibida/Slava Rusă (Scythia Minor) in the context of a new Defence Strategy of the Empire in Late Antiquity – Alexander Rubel Short biographies of contributors

Notices September 2017 Front Cover AMS/MAA Grad School Fair Table of Contents From the Executive Directory Front Matter Hispanic Heritage Month, by Ricardo Cortez The Geometry of Matroids, by Federico Ardila Movie Animation: A Continuum Approach for Frictional Contact, by Joseph Teran AMS for Students AMS Fall Sectional Sampler, by J. Elisenda Grigsby 2018 AMS Elections Biographies of Candidates 2018 Call for Suggestions Nominations by Petition Latinos and Hispanics in the Mathematical Sciences Tapas of Algebraic Statistics, by Carlos Amendola, Marta Casanellas, and Luis David Garcia Puente 2018 Lathisms: Latinx and Hispanics in the Mathematical Sciences Annual Mini-Conference on Education Anthony Varilly0Alvarado Interview, by Alexander Diaz-Lopez What Is...a Matroidal Family fo Graphs? by J.M.S. Simoes-Pereira Reflections of a First-Year Postdoc, by Luis Sordo Vieira AMS Grad Student Travel Grants Fall 2016 Departmental Profile Report, by Amanda L. Golbeck, Thomas H. Barr, and Colleen A. Rose Call for Nominations AWM-AMS Noether Lecture The State of Academia in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria, by Luis A. Medina Keeping on the Roof Protecting Against Hurricane Damage with Mathematics, by Stefan Siegmund Doctoral Degrees Conferred 2020 MRC Letters to the Editor The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science, A Review by John W. Dawson Jr. Support of the AMS Mathematics Educatin as a Mathematician's Research Area: An Invitation for Collaboration, by Cynthia O. Anhalt and Ricardo Cortez International Collaboration through the Volunteer Lecture Program, by Padmanabhan Seshaiyer Thank You for Support Mathematics Opportunities Luis Caffarelli Awarded Shaw Prize Mathematics People Pamela Harris: The Mathematical Rise of Social Contribution fo a Dreamer, by Ricardo Cortez and Federico Ardila AMS Short Course Inside the AMS New Publications Offered by the AMS Classified Advertisements Meetings & Conferences of the AMS September Table of Contents JMM Social Meetings & Conferences of the AMS The Back Page In the Next Issue New Textbooks from the AMS

Time, Tradition and Society in Greek Archaeology is an innovative volume which examines the relevance of archaeological theory to classical archaeology. It offers a wideranging overview of classical archaeology, from the Bronze Age to the Classical period and from mainland Greece to Cyprus. Within this framework Spencer examines many of the issues which have become important in the study of archaeology in recent years - time, the `past', gender, ideology, social structure and group identity. The papers in this collection cover such diverse topics as the rural landscape, classical art and scientific methodologies.Over the last century the study of classical archaeology has been orthodox and static. The essays in this collection examine it in the light of current theoretical archaeology and anthropology, making it more relevant and valuable to the study of archaeology in the 1990s. This is a diverse and topical collection, of great value to classicists, ancient historians, anthropologists and everyone interested in new approaches to archaeology.

Mathematicians delight in finding surprising connections between seemingly disparate areas of mathematics. Whole domains of modern mathematics have arisen from exploration of such connections consider analytic number theory or algebraic topology. Finding Ellipses is a delight-filled romp across a three-way unexpected connection between complex analysis, linear algebra, and projective geometry. The book begins with Blaschke products, complex-analytic functions that are generalizations of disk automorphisms. In the analysis of Blaschke products, we encounter, in a quite natural way, an ellipse inside the unit disk. The story continues by introducing the reader to Poncelet's theorem a beautiful result in projective geometry that ties together two conics and, in particular, two ellipses, one circumscribed by a polygon that is inscribed in the second. The Blaschke ellipse and the Poncelet ellipse turn out to be the same ellipse, and the connection is illuminated by considering the numerical range of a matrix. The numerical range is a convex subset of the complex plane that contains information about the geometry of the transformation represented by a matrix. Through the numerical range of matrices, we learn more about the interplay between Poncelet's theorem and Blaschke products. The story ranges widely over analysis, algebra, and geometry, and the exposition of the deep and surprising connections is lucid and compelling. Written for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students, this book would be the perfect vehicle for an invigorating and enlightening capstone exploration. The exercises and collection of extensive projects could be used as an embarkation point for a satisfying and rich research project. You are invited to read actively using the accompanying interactive website, which allows you to visualize the concepts in the book, experiment, and develop original conjectures.

Rome and Barbaricum: Contributions to the archaeology and history of interaction in European protohistory asks the following questions: How did the ‘Barbarians’ influence Roman culture? What did ‘Roman-ness’ mean in the context of Empire? What did it mean to be Roman and/or ‘Barbarian’ in different contexts? The papers presented here explore the concepts of Romanisation and of Barbaricum from a multi-disciplinary and comparative standpoint, covering Germania, Dacia, Moesia Inferior, Hispania, and other regions of the Roman Empire. They deal with issues such as conceptual analysis of the term ‘barbarian’, military and administrative organization, inter-cultural and linguistic relations, numismatics, religion, economy, prosopographic investigations, constructing identities; and they present reflections on the theoretical framework for a new model of Romanisation. Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Contents Page 5 List of Figures 7 Foreword 9 Alexander Rubel 11 What the Romans really meant when using the word ‘Barbarian’. Some thoughts on ‘Romans and Barbarians’ 11 What the Romans really meant when using the word ‘Barbarian’. Some thoughts on ‘Romans and Barbarians’ 11 Figure 1. ‘The Dying Gaul’. Hellenistic sculpture for the Pergamon Altar (Capitoline Museum); photo: Anthony Mayanlahti (antmoos), Wikicommons. 23 Figure 2. Germanic ‘Barbarian’ in a gesture of submission, Gherla (Romania); photo: Sigurd Rubel. 24 Figure 3. The Missorium of Theodosius, copy at the Museum of Roman Art, Merida (Spain); photo: Manuel de Corselas, Wikicommons. 26 Gabriele Rasbach 32 Germany East of the Rhine, 12 BC – AD 16. The first step to becoming a Roman province 32 Germany East of the Rhine, 12 BC – AD 16. The first step to becoming a Roman province 32 Figure 1. Map of Roman sites in Caesarian and Augustan times in Germany. 33 Figure 2. Comparison by size of different military camps of Augustan times and the civil site of Waldgirmes. 35 Figure 3. Rödgen. Reconstruction of the military camp. 36 Figure 4. Hedemünden. LiDAR-scan of the archaeological site (Grote 2012). 37 Figure 5. View across the village of Waldgirmes towards the conical Dünsberg. 38 Figure 6. Reconstruction of Roman Waldgirmes on the basis of archaeological data. 39 Figure 7. Waldgirmes. Plan of the first constructions, dated before 4 BC. 39 Figure 8. Waldgirmes. Plan of the military barrack with separate officer’s quarters. 40 Figure 9. Waldgirmes. Plan of the Augustan civil site. 41 Fig. 10. Waldgirmes. Foundation pit in the inner courtyard of the forum with fragments of shell-bearing limestone from the Champagne region. 42 Fig. 11. Waldgirmes. Silver, gold plated disk fibula with inlays of different coloured glass. 43 Figure 12. Waldgirmes. Early eye-fibula, silver. 44 Figure 13. Waldgirmes. The second well in photogrammetric reconstruction. 45 Figure 14. Waldgirmes. Life-size gilded bronze horse’s head with images of Victory and Mars. 46 Daniel Burger-Völlmecke 49 The Gallo-Roman temple ‘Auf dem Spätzrech’ (Schwarzenbach/Saarland) – From a Late Laténe cult place to a Gallo-Roman pilgrim shrine? 49 The Gallo-Roman temple ‘Auf dem Spätzrech’ (Schwarzenbach/Saarland) – From a Late Laténe cult place to a Gallo-Roman pilgrim shrine? 49 Figure 1. Eastern part of the civitas Treverorum with Schwarzenbach and the civitas-border. Map based on: Heinen 1985, supl. 1 (redrawing and processing: D. Burger). 50 Figure 2. Situation of the temple (white) to the southeast of the Dollberg plateau. 51 Figure 3. Section of the temenos area within the temple. The map shows post-pits 3, 5, 8 and offering pits I and III. The allocation of find numbers follow the orientation of the original publication. The dotted line is the reconstruction of the temenos w 52 Figure 4. Selected finds from the Late Latène Period (1-3) and from the Early Roman Imperial Period (4-8) M 1:4, brooches 7-8 M 1:2 (drawings: State Department for Heritage Preservation Saarland. Ministry for Environment, Energy and Traffic). 53 Figure. 5. East and west profiles of the trial trench (redrawing and processing: D. Burger). 54 Figure. 6. Diagram of the coins. 1: n=88 (phases by Peter 2001); 2: n=99. 56 Figure. 7. Phases 1-4 of the ‘Auf dem Spätzrech’ temple. 58 Figure 8. Distribution of the coins n=70. 59 Figure. 9. Tabula ansata (bronze) for Mars Cnabetius; 6 x 4 cm, scale available (photo and drawing: State Department for Heritage Preservation Saarland, Ministry for Environment, Energy and Traffic). 60 Figure. 10. Inscriptions of Mars Cnabetius. 1) Schwarzenbach (St. Wendel); 2) Hüttigweiler (Neunkirchen) [CIL XIII, 04508]; 3) Tholey (St. Wendel) [CIL XIII, 04258]; 4) Wahlschied (Saarbrücken) [CIL XIII, 04507]; 5) Osterburken (Neckar-Odenwald) [CIL XIII 61 Figure 11. Selected small finds: 1-3) Figurines of Mars (bronze) M 1:1; 4) Figurine of Apollo (bronze) M 1:1; 5) Phallus (bronze) M 1:1; 6) Snake (bronze) M 1:2 (drawings: State Department for Heritage Preservation Saarland, Ministry for Environment, Ener 62 After the ‘Great War’ (AD 166-180) – A ‘New Deal’ in internal relations within the Central and Northern European Barbaricum? 66 After the ‘Great War’ (AD 166-180) – A ‘New Deal’ in internal relations within the Central and Northern European Barbaricum? 66 Hans-Ulrich Voß 66 Figure 1. Overview of the geographical position of the cemeteries of Himlingøje on Zealand (DK), Hagenow and Häven in Mecklenburg (D), Lubieszewo/Lübsow in Pommerania (PL), Gommern and Leuna in Central Germany, Zauschwitz in Saxony (D) and Mušov in Moravi 67 Figure 2. Erfurt-Frienstedt, Thuringia (D), settlement. Roman and Germanic metal finds. After Schmidt 2013: fig. 8; 9. 68 Figure 3. Combination of buckets with facial handle attachments and bronze basins in Early Roman Iron Age graves. Squares are inhumations, circles are cremations. B1: AD 1-70; B2: AD 70-215/220. After Voß 2005: Abb. 11. 69 Figure 4. Furniture pattern of Early Roman Iron Age cremation graves: Kostolná pri Dunaji, western Slovakia, grave 37 (after Kolník 1980: 111 Taf. 9-93); 5.10.14-16 similar to Hagenow, Mecklenburg (D); grave 9/1995; all other except No. 7 identical with g 70 Figure 5. 1/2 Mušov, Moravia (CZ), ‘Royal Tomb’. Pair of belt buckles, gilded silver, (object C 3, C 4); 3 Hagenow, Mecklenburg (D), grave1/1995, cremation. Belt buckle, silver, partly gilded; 4 Zauschwitz, Saxony (D), grave 14, cremation. Belt buckle, br 71 Figure 6. Fittings with trumpet-shaped ornament Oldenstein (1976: Taf. 69) type 897 und 905. 72 Figure 7. ‘Schalenurnen’ (bowl urn) and brooches with high catch-plate Almgren VII, from the Late Roman Iron Age cremation cemeteries of Pritzier, Mecklenburg (D) and Kostelec na Hané, Moravia (CZ) (after Voß 2008: Abb. 13). 73 Figure 8. 1 Häven, Mecklenburg (D), inhumation graves VII/1872 (1) and 2/1967 (2). Overview of the burial equipment. 74 Figure 9. 1) Gommern, Saxony-Anhalt (D), ‘Princely Grave’, inhumation. Waist belt (belt 2), belt fittings, silver; 2) Häven, Mecklenburg (D), grave V/1869, inhumation. Waist belt, belt fittings, silver. M. 1: 1. 1 After Becker 2010: Taf. 7-9. 76 Figure 10. Häven, Mecklenburg (D), inhumation graves. Origin of grave goods (after Voß 2014: Abb. 28). 77 Figure 11. Silver vessels in 1st/3rd-century graves. I: AD 1-160/180; II: AD 150/160-200; III: AD 160/180-310/320. 1) Roman silver vessels; 2) Germanic imitations (or Dacian vessels). Encircled symbols are cremations, the remainder are inhumations (after 78 Inter-cultural and linguistic relations north of the Danube 83 Iulia Dumitrache, Roxana-Gabriela Curcă 83 Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba 91 Prosopographic notes on Flavius Reginus from Arrubium 91 Prosopographic notes on Flavius Reginus from Arrubium 91 Figure 1. Map of Moesia Inferior. 92 Lucian Munteanu 95 Some considerations on the coin finds in the sites of Roman Dacia 95 Some considerations on the coin finds in the sites of Roman Dacia 95 Figure 1. The chronological distribution of the share of denarii subaerati (D*) in the civilian settlements (Civ) and military fortifications (Mil) of Dacia, Pannonia Inferior, Pannonia Superior, Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, Germania Inferior and 115 Figure 2. The monetary index (‰/year) of the cities of Dacia. 116 Figure 3. The monetary index (‰/year) of the rural settlements of Dacia. 117 Figure 4. The monetary index (‰/year) of the military settlements of Dacia. 118 Figure 5. The monetary index (‰/year) of the military fortifications of Dacia. 119 Figure 6. The monetary index (‰/year) of civilian settlements and military fortifications of Dacia, Pannonia Inferior, Pannonia Superior, Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, Agri Decumates, Germania Inferior and Gallia Belgica (years AD 98-275). 120 Figure 7. The monetary index (‰/year) of the civilian settlements of Dacia, Pannonia Superior, Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior and Gallia Belgica (years AD 98-253). 121 Figure 8. The monetary index (‰/year) of the civilian settlements of Dacia, Pannonia Inferior, Pannonia Superior, Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, Germania Inferior and Agri Decumates (years AD 244-275). 122 Figure 9. The monetary index (‰/year) of the military fortifications of Dacia, Pannonia Superior, Raetia, Germania Superior and Agri Decumates (years AD 98-253). 123 Figure 10. The monetary index (‰/year) of the military fortifications of Dacia, Pannonia Inferior, Pannonia Superior, Raetia, Germania Superior, Germania Inferior and Agri Decumates (years AD 244-275). 124 Alexandru Popa 125 Überlegungen zur Romanisierung jenseits des dako-moesischen Limes im Spannungsfeld zwischen Schulbuch, Fachwissenschaft und Politik 125 Constructing identities within the periphery of the Roman Empire: NW Hispania 145 Constructing identities within the periphery of the Roman Empire: NW Hispania 145 Manuela Martins, Cristina Braga, ‎Fernanda Magalhães, Jorge Ribeiro 145 Figure 1. Pre-Roman political geography of the NW of Iberia according to written and epigraphic sources. 147 Figure 2. D. Junius Brutus’ campaign itinerary (138-136 BC). 149 Figure 3. Plan of ‘Citânia de Briteiros’ (Guimarães). 150 Figure 4. S. Julião Galician warrior (Archaeological Museum D. Diogo de Sousa, Braga). 151 Figure 5. Decorated door at Sabroso hill fort (Martins Sarmento Museum, Guimarães). 152 Figure 6. The administrative division of Hispania as implemented by Augustus. 153 Figure 7. Pre-Roman hill forts around Bracara Augusta. 156 Figure 8. Statue pedestal honouring Augustus (Martins Sarmento Museum, Guimarães). 158 Figure 10. Funerary monument honouring a descendant of Bloena with indigenous origin (Archaeological Museum D. Diogo de Sousa, Braga). 159 Figure 9. Funerary monument of an indigenous family (Caturus son of Camalus, Meditia daughter of Medamus and Medamus son of Caturus, Culaeciensis) (Archaeological Museum D. Diogo de Sousa, Braga). 159 Rome,Barbaricum,European protohistory,Germania,Dacia,Moesia Inferior,Hispania

Experiencing the Frontier and the Frontier of Experience deals with the Roman Empire’s responses to the threats which were caused by the new geostrategic situation brought on by the crisis of the 3rd century AD, induced by the ‘barbarians’ who – often already part of Roman military structures as mercenaries and auxiliaries – became a veritable menace for the Empire. Rome adopted different strategies: they oscillated between inclusion, warfare and other means of exerting influence. The contributions to this volume explore the archaeological evidence for Roman practice and especially the varying strategies of power and influence in the central regions on the one hand, and the south-eastern parts of the European ‘Barbaricum’ on the other. They show how ‘Divide et impera’ functioned as practical policy based on alliances, as well as consequent warfare, and diplomatic initiatives, which are traceable by prestige-goods and subsidia treasures found in the Barbaricum. The comparison of Roman imports in different parts of Iron-Age Europe can help understand better a complex process of shifting power and influence in an emerging new Europe, which transformed the Empire towards medieval ‘Herrschaft’ and social structure. Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright page 4 Contents Page 5 Preface 7 Beyond the fringes of Empire: new approaches concerning Roman influence and power in the Barbaricum. An introduction 8 Alexander Rubel and Hans-Ulrich Voß 8 Roman limes in military campaigns of the Barbarians 13 Krzysztof Narloch 13 Figure 1. The Lower Danubian Limes (A. Miernik). 15 Claus-Michael Hüssen, Balázs Komoróczy, Ján Rajtár, Marek Vlach 22 Figure 1. Distribution of the Germanic settlements on the both sides of the Little Carpathians (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 23 Archaeological footprints of a superpower in hostile territory 23 Figure 2. Distribution of the verified temporary camps and indirect indications of the Roman military presence on the both sides of the Little Carpathians (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 24 Figure 3. Dislocation of the Roman military installations within the wider Mušov region (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 26 Figure 4. Distribution of the verified temporary camps and indirect indications of the Roman military presence to the west of the Little Carpathians (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 27 Figure 5. Charvátská Nová Ves. The layout of the camp 1a and its geomorphological context (LiDAR ©ČÚZK, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 28 Figure 6. Mušov-Na Pískách. Layout of the evidenced temporary camps with multiple reduction of the largest structure - camp 1 (orthophoto ©ĆÚZK, WMS, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 29 Figure 7. Přibice. The layout of the camps and their geomorphological context (LiDAR ©ČÚZK, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 30 Figure 8. Charvátská Nová Ves. A standard section trench of the fortification ditch in the northern central part of the camp (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 31 Figure 9. Charvátská Nová Ves. Terrain research of the area of the northern gate. Excavation of a bipartite filed oven (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno). 32 Figure 10. Outline of the available radiocarbon dates from the temporary camps within the chronological boundaries of the La Tène and Roman Periods (Komoróczy et al. 2019, Figure 4). 33 Figure 11. Distribution of the evidences of the Roman military presence to the west of the Little Carpathians complemented with the modelled cumulative least-cost corridors of movement between the verified temporary camps (Institute of Archaeology of the 34 Figure 12. Schematic ground plan of the permanent fort in Iža with the distinguished northern section of fortification ditches and southern build-up area of the previous timber-earth phase. At the bottom a detail of the barracks ground plans (Institute of 35 Figure 13. Iža. Location of the fort and the total of ten temporary camps from the period of Marcomannic wars (for orthophoto source see right-bottom corner, Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Nitra). 37 Figure 14. Radvaň nad Dunajom-Virt. Layout of the evidenced temporary camps (for orthophoto source see right-bottom corner, Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Nitra). 38 Figure 15. Vráble. Layout of the evidenced temporary camps (for orthophoto source see right-bottom corner, Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Nitra). 39 Figure 16. Hviezdoslavov. Layout of the evidenced temporary camp (for orthophoto source see right-bottom corner, Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Nitra). 40 Figure 17. Cífer-Pác. Layout of the evidenced temporary camps (for orthophoto source see right-bottom corner, Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Nitra). 40 Figure 18. Comparison of size and structure of the temporary camps from the Quadian territory to the east of the Little Carpathians (Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Nitra). 41 Jan Bulas 49 Figure 1. Roman coins depicting Roman-Barbarian relations in the eye of Roman propaganda: a) Revers of the Denarius of Augustus (RIC I 201a) showing handover of child-hostage (Copyright Classical Numismatic Group, Triton XI, Lot: 855, https://www.cngcoin 51 Friend or foe? 51 Figure 2. Pakoszówka, Sanok county, site 33. Inventory of the cremation grave no. 5 (fot. by D. Szuwalski). 53 Figure 3. Chronological profiles of the coin finds from: a) area of nowadays Poland (after: Dymowski 2013: 114, fig. 3) and b) Dacia (after: Gaždac 2008: 271, fig. 1). 54 Figure 4. Trade routes through the Upper Tisa Basin in the 3rd century AD. 59 Figure 5. Model of relations between the Roman state and the Vandals in the aftermath of Marcomannic Wars in the 3rd century AD (based on: Roymans 2017: 69, fig. 9). 60 The Limes Germanicus trade and the Roman army 68 Dan-Alexandru Suharoschi, Iulia Dumitrache, Roxana-Gabriela Curcă 68 Coriolan Horațiu Opreanu, Sorin Cociș, Vlad-Andrei Lăzărescu 79 Figure 1. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 1–3, 7: Type Cociș 8b2b2; 4: Type Cociș 8b3c1; 5–6: Type Cociș 8a11a1. 81 Barbarian brooches in Roman context 81 Figure 2. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 8–9: Type Cociș 8b2b2 (?); 10: Type Almgren 41; 11: Type Almgren 94; 12: Type Iván 3.4.4.2 – group 8; 13: Type Iván 3.4.4.1. 82 Figure 3. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 14–15: Type Iván 3.4.4.1; 16: Type Cociș – Bârcă A VII/I/A; 17: Type Cociș – Bârcă A VII/I/B1; 18-20: Type Cociș – Bârcă A VII/I/B2. 83 Figure 4. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 21–23: Type Cociș – Bârcă A VII/I/B2; 24: Type Cociș 24b1; 25: Type Cociș 24a5a. 85 Figure 5. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 26–30: Type Cociș 37a8; 31: Type Cociș 37a5d2. 86 Figure 6. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 32–36: Type Cociș 36b. 87 Figure 7. Brooches discovered in the Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’ site. 37–40: Type Cociș 36b; 41: Unidentified type; 42: Type Cociș 8a11a1; 43: Type Cociș 39b1a1. 88 Figure 8. Coins and brooches presented according to the archaeological context they were recovered from. 89 Figure 9. Spatial distribution of the coins and brooches from the site Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’. 90 Figure 10. Spatial distribution of the brooches and coins (heatmap) found in contexts 64 and 86. 91 Figure 11. Spatial distribution of the brooches and coins (heatmap) found in contexts 27, 69 and 107. 91 Figure 12. Spatial distribution of the brooches and coins (heatmap) found in context 7. 92 Figure 13. Spatial distribution of the types of brooches found at Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’. 92 Figure 14. Comparative graph illustrating the chronological distribution of coins and brooches from Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’. 93 Figure 15. Typological and chronological correlation graph between the coins and brooches found at Porolissum – ‘Sub Ferice’. 93 Figure 16. Distribution map of the brooches type Almgren 41. 95 Figure 17. Distribution map of the so-called ‘Sarmatian’ brooches. 96 List 1. Coins and brooches found in context 7. 99 List 2. Coins and brooches found in context 27. 100 List 3. Coins and brooches found in context 64. 100 List 4. Coins and brooches found in context 69. 100 List 5. Coins and brooches found in context 86. 100 List 6. Coins and brooches found in context 107. 100 List 7. List of archaeological contexts from which both brooches and coins were recovered. 101 Luxury tableware? Terra sigillata in the coastal region of the northern Netherlands 106 Annet Nieuwhof 106 Figure 1. The northern part of the Netherlands, with early-Roman forts and outposts (black rectangles). 107 Figure 2. Palaeographical map of the situation around AD 100, with Roman imports from the first period of contact, 12 BC-AD 47. 1: Winsum-Bruggeburen; 2: Tolsum; 3: Englum; 4: Ezinge; 5: Wijnaldum. Map A. Nieuwhof, on palaeographical map basis from Vos & 109 Figure 3. Distribution of TS sherds in the terp region of the present province of Friesland on the palaeogeographical map c. 100 AD. Number are terp numbers from Volkers 2016. Map A. Nieuwhof, based on the latest palaeogeographical map by P.C. Vos and S. 110 Figure 4. The distribution of TS north of the Roman Empire. Finds from after 1987 are not included. Map from Lund Hansen 1987, fig. 127. Reproduced with permission. 111 Table 1. Production and context dates of TS from Ezinge. 112 Figure 5. Pendant made of a rim fragment of an Arretine plate (type Conspectus 11 (Haltern 1b/Service Ia)) and dated to late 1st century BC. Found in the terp of Englum, prov. of Groningen, in a 1st-century AD context. Photo A. Nieuwhof. 112 Figure 6. Worked TS fragments from the Groningen terp of Ezinge. Photos from Volkers 2014; Reproduced with permission. 113 Figure 7. Sherds from one Dr. 37 bowl, from the terp of Oostum in the province of Groningen. Three sherds were worked, two of them into playing counters. From Glasbergen 1944. 113 Figure 8. Selection of TS sherds from the province of Friesland, showing traces of use and working: a. partly smoothened break; b. smoothened all around; c. the coating is worn along the break; d. impact damage from a tool; e. notches on the break line; f 114 Table 2. Deposits including 2nd-3rd century TS fragments in Ezinge. MNI: Minimum number of individuals. Small amounts of handmade potsherds are not mentioned. * With traces of use or manipulation. 28: not available. Second phase data from Nieuwhof 2015, 3 115 Table 3. Deposits including second- and third-phase TS fragments in Ezinge, all from settlement contexts. MNI: Minimum number of individuals. Small amounts of handmade potsherds are not mentioned. * With traces of use or manipulation. 116 Septentrional encounters – another revisit to Roman vessels from Scandinavian sites 123 Tove Hjørungdal 123 Figure 1. The Apollo Grannus vase found in Fycklinge, Västmanland, Sweden (SMH 425). Photo: Sören Hallgren, Swedish History Museum, Stockholm. 124 Figure 2. The prototype Vestland cauldron, R 353 (Rygh 1885: no. 353). 124 Figure 3. Key sites of the article. © Tove Hjørungdal, University of Gothenburg 126 Figure 4. Eastland cauldron R 347; originally a Roman temple vessel (Rygh 1885: no. 347). 129 Figure 5. Life history of a Vestland cauldron. 129 Westerholt ‘An der Mühle’- A Roman Iron Age site on the North Sea coast. A preliminary report 134 Jan F. Kegler 134 Figure 1. Above: Location of the site Westerholt - An der Mühle at the North Sea coast, with the East Frisia region (grey area) (Graph: Ines Reese/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 135 Below: Excavation plan of the investigated area (Graph: Heike Reimann/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 135 Figure 2. Floor plan of a building of type Fochteloo B from the Roman Iron Age in the northwest of the excavation area (Graph: Ines Reese, Heike Reimann/ Ostfriesische Landschaft). 137 Figure 3. Floors plans of two superimposed buildings (after Bärenfänger 2010). 137 a) Section of the excavation plan; b) older building phase; c) younger building phase. Graphic: (Ines Reese, Heike Reimann/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 137 Figure 4. Well 3036 with a construction of an almost square shaft made from birch trunks 138 (Photo: Matthias Kastrop/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 138 Figure 5. Well 4761 was built with an asymmetrically funnel-shaped well shaft, and a square box-shaped edging of the well, made of oak wood. 139 (Photo: Matthias Kastrop/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 139 Figure 6. The rectangular feature 5760 proved to be a grave pit, with the decomposed remains of a wooden coffin. 140 (Photo: Matthias Kastrop/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 140 Figure 7. Round-bellied vessels from grave pit 5760 (Photo: Ines Reese/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 141 Figure 8. The backfilling of linear pit 4289 shows some potsherds in the lower layers as well as a remarkable amount of loam and charcoal in the upper backfilling layers. 142 (Photo: Matthias Kastrop/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 142 Figure 9. Overview of the common shapes of vessels from the Roman Iron Age site at Westerholt. Scale 1:4. 143 (Drawings: Barbara Kluczkowski/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 143 Figure 10. Thread distributor, in which individual threads are guided through nozzles and twisted in the middle to form a thicker band. 144 (Drawing: Barbara Kluczkowski/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 144 Figure 11. Left shoe made from cowhide, decorated elaborately with circular eyes, three-point patterns and semi-arches. (Photo: Christina Kohnen/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 144 Figure 12. Wooden finds from feature 2214. 144 (Photo: Christina Kohnen/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 144 Figure 13. One of the two bow fibulae from the grave pit feature 2969. 145 (Photo: Christina Kohnen/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 145 Figure 14. Bottom of a Terra-Sigillata bowl, with a potter’s or owner’s mark. 145 (Photo: Christina Kohnen/Ostfriesische Landschaft). 145 Beyond Hadrian’s Wall: considerations on the massive terrets 150 Luisa Di Pastena 150 Figure 1. Massive terret (ID: LANCUM-1F06E0. Copyright: Portable Antiquity Scheme). 150 Figure 2. Typologies of massive terrets (Livens 1986, fig. 2). 151 Figure 3. Terret from Nanterre (Duval 1968, fig. 4.3). 152 Figure 4. Rhynie terret (Jope 2000, fig. 291 g). 152 Figure 5. Suggested mounting for a massive terret (MacGregor 1976, fig. 3.4). 153 Figure 6. Massive terrets distribution (Hunter 2010, fig. 11.5 d). 153 Lucian Munteanu, George-Dan Hânceanu 156 Figure 1. The location of the site from Roșiori – ‘Țarina Veche’ point 157 (Municipality of Dulcești, Neamț County). 157 Figure 2. The bank of the river Moldova, with the location of the site. 157 Pierced Roman coins from the ‘Free Dacians’ settlement 157 Figure 3. The general plan of the excavations from the site of Roşiori (the place of coin discoveries is marked). 158 Figure 4. Pierced and looped denarii discovered in the sites from western Moldavia: 1–2. Roșiori; 3. Călinești; 4–5. Dămienești; 6. Văleni. 160 Jens-Peter Schmidt and Hans-Ulrich Voß 168 Figure 1. The sites of Pasewalk and Papendorf on the river Uecker, west of Pasewalk, district Vorpommern-Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. (Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpflege Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – Landesarchäologie). 169 Mars on the River Uecker in Western Pomerania 169 Figure 2. Pasewalk and Papendorf. Concentrations of finds on the river Uecker in the area of the sites Papendorf 16 to Papendorf 23 with human skeletal remains and horse bones (red signature) as well as finds of the Roman Iron Age. (Landesamt für Kultur u 170 Figure 3. ‘Laschenkopfbügel’ for fastening the scabbard to the sword belt (balteus), Papendorf 26. (Photo: Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpflege Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – Landesarchäologie). 171 Figure 4. Sword chape Novaesium type, small form, from the settlement Pasewalk 36 directly on the Uecker lowlands. Distribution after Matešić 2015, deposits of military equipment and Pasewalk highlighted. Open Signatures: Roman military facilities. (Base 172 Mussel shaped belt fitting from Pasewalk 249, district Vorpommern-Greifswald. (Photo: S. Suhr, Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpflege Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – Landesarchäologie). 172 Figure 6. Distribution of sword blades with Mars Ultor- and/or eagle-depiction from the North Atlantic to the Black See. ◆ – water find; ◼ – grave; • – Roman fort/settlement; ▲ – single find; in combination with + – region, find spot unknown.1 Illerup, Mi 173 Figure 7. General map of the Marcomannic Wars with important cemeteries on the connecting route between the lower Elbe region and the war zone north of the middle Danube. 174 Figure 8. Distribution of belt buckels with two prongs (‘Gabeldornschnallen’) and combinations with strap-ends with ring (red signatur) and additionally with swords (dot circle). Deposits of military equipment highlighted (star-shaped signature). (Base ma 175 Figure 9. Region of origin of equipment sacrificed in the deposit 1 of the Thorsberg bog find during or shortly after the end of the Marcomannic Wars (after Blankenfeldt 2015). 176 Figure 10. Distribution of early Roman Iron Age sites in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, sites of the 2nd century AD highlighted in red. Secondary map: Distribution of early Roman Iron Age sites in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, weapon graves of the 2nd century AD highl 177 South-eastern Transylvania during the Late Roman period (3rd-4th centuries AD) 181 József Puskás 181 Figure 1.The study area (up) and the distribution of the Sântana de Mureş–Chernyakhov settlements and burials (bottom). 182 Figure 2. The two surface dwellings discovered at Sfântu Gheorghe–Eprestető 2 (after Székely 1969, 35, Fig. 9, 38, Fig. 10). 184 Figure 3. Storage vessels discovered at Albiş. 185 Figure 4. Cup (Cernat) and bone comb (Târgu Secuiesc) coming from possible burials. 186 Figure 5. The pottery kiln discovered at Cozmeni. 188 Mariusz Drzewiecki 191 Figure 1. Map of the region with the location of the Middle Nile valley forts (prepared by Mariusz Drzewiecki). 191 Figure 2. Umm Marrahi fort (prepared by Mariusz Drzewiecki). 192 Figure 3. Fields and village along the Nile (photo. Mariusz Drzewiecki). 193 Roman type forts in the Middle Nile valley 193 Figure 4. The Middle Nile forts (prepared by Mariusz Drzewiecki). 194 Figure 5. Mikeisir fort in 2008 (photo Marta Błażejewska). 195 Figure 6. Gandeisi fort interior in 2008 (photo Urszula Stępień). 195 Figure 7. Fort on top of Jebel Nakhara (photo. Mariusz Drzewiecki). 196 Figure 8. Wad Mukhtar fort (arrow indicated) at the northern end of the Sixth Cataract (photo Paweł Polkowski). 196 Figure 9. Location of Abu Nafisa fort (photo. Mariusz Drzewiecki). 197 Figure 10. Hosh el-Kab fort in 2018. A large modern irrigation channel cuts the site (photo. Mariusz Drzewiecki). 197 Figure 11. Plan of Hosh el-Kab fort (prepared by Łukasz Banaszek and Mariusz Drzewiecki). 198 Figure 12. Umm Marrahi fort with well visible L-shape gate (photo Mariusz Drzewiecki). 199 Figure 13. Vertical Masonry in Mikeisir fort (photo. Urszula Stępień). 201 Figure 14. Results of geophysical survey at Hosh el-Kab (prepared by Robert Ryndziewicz). 201 Lavinia Grumeza 205 Figure. 1. The Roman limes in Romania. 2. The area under researched (After www.limesromania.ro with additions of the author). 206 New threats or new friends? 207 Figure 2. Statistics: domestic animals in Sarmatian settlements (after Istvánovits, Kulcsár 2015). 209 Figure 3. Distribution of alae and sagittarii on Pannonian limes (adapted after Kreković 2001). 210 Figure 4. Possible sources of the army supply on the western limes Dacicus. 211 Figure 5. Ptolemy’s Map. 1. Sarmatiae Asiae; 2. Sarmatiae Europae (www.dpg.lib.berkeley.edu). 213 Figure 6. Tabula Peutingeriana. Segmentum V–VIII (adapted after: www.hs-augsburg.de and www.cambridge.org). 214 Figure 7. Tabula Peutingeriana. Segmentum IX–X (adapted after: www.hs-augsburg.de and www.cambridge.org). 215 Figure 8. 1. Example of a Sarmatian cemetery and settlement (Giarmata – Site 10, Timiș county/RO). 216 2. Example of a sunken house (adapted after Grumeza 2014). 216 Figure 9. Example of a Sarmatian female grave and parts of its inventory (Hunedoara Timișeană, grave 3; Bârcă 2014). 217 Alexander Rubel 220 Figure 1. Map of Scythia Minor (drawing by S. Caliniuc). 221 The town of (L)Ibida/Slava Rusă (Scythia Minor) 221 Figure 2. Plan of Ibida according to aerial photography (courtesy of A. Stefan). 222 Figure 3. Northern curtain wall (Curtina G) with foundations of building (extra muros1st – 2nd century AD), photo: M. Iacob/D. Paraschiv. 223 Figure 4. The surroundings of the settlement (drawing by M. Iacob). 224 Figure 5. chambered tomb, 4th—6th century AD (photo M. Iacob/D. Paraschiv). 225 Figure 6. North-western part of the settlement, drawing based on magnetometric data by C. Mischka. 227 Figure 7. Profile of ‘tower no. 10’, drawing by L. Mihailescu-Bîrliba and R. Ionescu. 230 1. Ground covering, 2. Layer of debris, 3. Ash layer, 4. Massive burnt layer (rest of beams), damaging floor level II, 5. floor level II reddish burnt pisé, 6. Burnt layer, 7. floor level I. 230 Short biographies of contributors 241 Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 76,3rd century AD,Roman Empire’s responses to the threats

This book considers the Roman Empire's responses to the threats which were caused by the new geostrategic situation brought on by the crisis of the 3rd century AD, induced by the 'barbarians' who - often already part of Roman military structures as mercenaries and auxiliaries - became a veritable menace for the Empire.

Frontmatter -- Vorwort -- Inhalt -- F. Publizistik des geschriebenen Wortes -- I. Plakat, Flugblatt, Flugschrift -- Das publizistische Plakat -- Flugblatt und Flugschrift -- II. Die Zeitung -- Definitionen und Begriife -- Die Anfänge: 15. und 16. Jahrhundert -- 17. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart -- Das Nachrichtenwesen -- Nachrichten im Zeitalter der Satelliten -- Der Zeitungsverlag -- Organisation der Zeitung im internationalen Vergleich -- Typologie der Zeitung -- Redaktionelle Leitung -- Zeitungssprache -- Die redaktionellen Sparten -- Außenpolitik -- Das Lokale -- Der Wirtschaftsteil (Systematisch und historisch) -- Der Wirtschaftsteil (Aktuell) -- Das Feuilleton in Zeitung und Zeitschrift -- Die Kritik in Zeitung und Zeitschrift -- Der Sportteil -- Anzeigenwesen -- Technik und Umbruch der Zeitung -- Automation in der grafischen Industrie -- Der moderne Zeitungsvertrieb -- Wirkung und Wirkungsforschung -- Leseranalysen von Zeitungen -- Das Recht der Zeitung -- Das Konzentrationsproblem im Zeitungswesen -- Zeitungsstatistik -- III. Die Zeitschrift -- Begriff -- Geschichte der Zeitschrift: Von den Anfängen bis 1900 -- Geschichte der Zeitschrift: Von 1900 bis zur Gegenwart -- Die Zeitschrift im öffentlichen Leben -- Organisation und Führung des Zeitschriftenverlages -- Aussageformen der Zeitschrift -- Die Fachzeitschrift -- Die politische Zeitschrift -- Konfession und Presse -- Evangelische Zeitschriften -- Die katholische Presse in Deutschland. -- Die jüdische Presse in Deutschland -- Gewerkschaftspresse -- Die wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift -- Jugendzeitschrift -- Die Illustrierten -- Die Unterhaltungsliteratur in den publizistischen Mitteln -- Public Relations-Zeitschriften: Kunden-, Werk-, Haus- und Aktionärszeitschriften -- Zeitschrift — Technik und Umbruch -- Der Vertrieb der Zeitschrift -- Wirkung und Wirkungsforschung bei Zeitschriften -- Das Recht der Zeitschrift -- Zeitschriftenstatistik -- IV. Das Buch -- Das Buch als publizistisches Mittel -- Die Autoren — Biographische Notizen -- Personenregister -- Sachregister Erscheinungsdatum: 01.04.1969

Mit der Thematik Trans*- und Intergeschlechtlichkeit im Kindes- und jungen Erwachsenenalter beschäftigen sich die Autor*innen des vorliegenden Buches aus interdisziplinärer und multidimensionaler Perspektive. Die Beiträge sollen insbesondere pädagogischem und psychologischem Fachpersonal eine Handreichung beim Umgang mit inter- und trans*geschlechtlichen Kindern und Jugendlichen sein und unter anderem dabei helfen, deren spezifische Bedürfnisse, Interessen und Gefühlslagen besser zu verstehen. Über aktuelle Wandlungsprozesse und Forschungsergebnisse aus diesem Bereich informieren Vertreter*innen aus Psychologie, Soziologie, Biologie und Rechtswissenschaft. Sie alle streben eine differenzierte Informiertheit der Leser*innen an, um den wertschätzenden Umgang mit inter- und trans*geschlechtlichen Personen weiter zu fördern. Mit Beiträgen von Ulrich Klocke, Emily Laing, Alexander Naß, Eike Richter, Kurt Seikowski, Heinz-Jürgen Voß und Simon Zobel Living and Experiencing Gender Diversity. Trans* and Intersexuality in Childhood, Adolescence and Young Adulthood The authors of this book deal with the subject of trans* and intersexuality in children and young adults from an interdisciplinary and multidimensional perspective. The contributions are especially intended to aid pedagogical and psychological specialists in dealing with intersexual and transgender children and adolescents, helping to better understand their specific needs, interests and feelings. Representatives from the fields of psychology, sociology, biology and legal science provide information on current processes of change and research results from this area. They all strive for a differentiated knowledgeability of the readers, in order to further promote the appreciative treatment of trans* and intersexual persons. With contributions by Ulrich Klocke, Emily Laing, Alexander Naß, Eike Richter, Kurt Seikowski, Heinz-Jürgen Voß and Simon Zobel.